Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

Clarkson, Jenny; Herbison, Allan E.

doi:10.1210/en.2006-0787

Cited by 875Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

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Clarkson, Jenny, Herbison, Allan E.·2006·Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/en.2006-0787PMC PMC6098691

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Abstract

The neuropeptide kisspeptin has recently been implicated as having a critical role in the activation of the GnRH neurons to bring about puberty. We examined here the postnatal development of kisspeptin neuronal populations and their projections to GnRH neurons in the mouse. Three populations of kisspeptin neurons located in the 1) anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the preoptic periventricular nucleus (PeN), 2) dorsomedial hypothalamus, and 3) arcuate nucleus were identified using an antisera raised against mouse kisspeptin-10. A marked 10-fold (P<0.01), female-dominant sex difference in the numbers of kisspeptin neurons existed in the AVPV/PeN but not elsewhere. Kisspeptin neurons in the AVPV/PeN of both sexes displayed a similar pattern of postnatal development with no cells detected at postnatal day (P) 10, followed by increases from P25 to reach adult levels by puberty onset (P<0.01; P31 females and P45 males). This pattern was not found in the dorsomedial hypothalamus or arcuate nucleus. Dual immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated close appositions between kisspeptin fibers and GnRH neuron cell bodies that were first apparent at P25 and increased across postnatal development in both sexes. These studies demonstrate kisspeptin peptide expression in the mouse hypothalamus and reveal the postnatal development of a sexually dimorphic continuum of kisspeptin neurons within the AVPV and PeN. This periventricular population of kisspeptin neurons reaches adult-like proportions at the time of puberty onset and is the likely source of the kisspeptin inputs to GnRH neurons.

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Kisspeptin neurons are located in the arcuate nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus.
“Kisspeptin neurons have been found in two main brain areas: the arcuate nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (Clarkson, d’Anglemont de Tassigny, Colledge, Caraty, & Herbison, 2009; Clarkson & Herbison, 2006).”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as Clarkson & Herbison, 2006
Clarkson and Herbison (2006) found a female bias in kisspeptin expression in the anteroventral and pre-optic periventricular nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus.
“Moreover, Clarkson and Herbison (2006) detected a female bias in the levels of kisspeptin expression in the anteroventral and pre-optic periventricular nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus (Clarkson & Herbison, 2006).”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as Clarkson & Herbison, 2006

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The GPR54 Gene as a Regulator of Puberty
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Background
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Authors: Clarkson, J., & Herbison, A. E.
Affiliations: University of Otago (NZ)
Corresponding author: Herbison, Allan E.
ORCID: Clarkson, Jenny
Herbison, Allan E.
Venue: Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 147
Issue: 12
Pages: 5817-5825
ISSN: 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
1945-7170
DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0787
PMC: PMC6098691
OpenAlex: W2068426167
Cited by: 875
References: 3
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 65
FWCI: 40.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (063216)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: kisspeptin, kisspeptin neurons, GnRH neurons, hypothalamus, postnatal development, sexual dimorphism, anteroventral periventricular nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, kisspeptin-10, puberty onset, mice
MeSH terms: Animals, Animals, Newborn, Female, Hypothalamus, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Oligopeptides, Preoptic Area, Sex Characteristics, Tissue Distribution, Anterior Thalamic Nuclei, Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Mice, Kisspeptins

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Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

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