Long-term effects of oxandrolone treatment in childhood on neurocognition, quality of life and social-emotional functioning in young adults with Turner syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is the result of (partial) absence of one X-chromosome. Besides short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and other physical aspects, TS women have typical psychological features. Since psychological effects of androgen exposure in childhood probably are long-lasting, we explored long-term psychological functioning after oxandrolone (Ox) therapy during childhood in adults with TS in terms of neurocognition, quality of life and social-emotional functioning. During the initial study, girls were treated with growth hormone (GH) combined with placebo (Pl), Ox 0.03 mg/kg/day, or Ox 0.06 mg/kg/day from the age of eight, and estrogen from the age of twelve. Sixty-eight women participated in the current double-blinded follow-up study (mean age 24.0 years, mean time since stopping GH/Ox 8.7 years). We found no effects on neurocognition. Concerning quality of life women treated with Ox had higher anxiety levels (STAI 37.4 ± 8.4 vs 31.8 ± 5.0, p=0.002) and higher scores on the depression subscale of the SCL-90-R (25.7 ± 10.7 vs 20.5 ± 4.7, p=0.01). Regarding social-emotional functioning, emotion perception for fearful faces was lower in the Ox-treated patients, without effect on interpersonal behavior. Our exploratory study is the first to suggest that androgen treatment in adolescence possibly has long-term effects on adult quality of life and social-emotional functioning. However, differences are small and clinical implications of our results seem limited. Therefore we would not recommend against the use of Ox in light of psychological consequences.
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Addition of oxandrolone produces synergistic increases in growth response during GH treatment.
“Addition of oxandrolone, which has been used off-label for decades, produces synergistic increases in growth response during GH treatment,245-249”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [247]
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- Authors
- Freriks, K., Verhaak, C. M., Sas, T. C. J., Menke, L. A., Wit, J. M., Otten, B. J., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., Smeets, D. F. C. M., Netea-Maier, R. T., Hermus, A. R. M. M., Kessels, R. P. C., & Timmers, H. J. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Freriks, K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 69
- Pages
- 59-67
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043667336
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer (GPIHP_RG_20081103T1448)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, oxandrolone, androgen therapy, neurocognitive function, quality of life, social-emotional functioning, anxiety, depression, emotion perception, facial emotion recognition, long-term psychological effects, growth hormone therapy, estrogen therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Androgens, Cognition, Depression, Emotions, Estrogens, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Oxandrolone, Quality of Life, Growth Hormone, Time Factors, Turner Syndrome, Human Growth Hormone, Young Adult, Emotional Intelligence
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