A community based primary prevention programme for type 2 diabetes integrating identification and lifestyle intervention for prevention: the Let's Prevent Diabetes cluster randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a priority in healthcare, but there is a lack of evidence investigating how to effectively translate prevention research into a UK primary care setting. We assessed whether a structured education programme targeting lifestyle and behaviour change was effective at preventing progression to T2DM in people with pre-diabetes.Materials and methods Forty-four general practices were randomised to receive either standard care or a 6hour group structured education programme with an annual refresher course, and regular phone contact. Participants were followed up for 3years. The primary outcome was progression to T2DM.Results Eight hundred and eighty participants were included (36% female, mean age 64years, 16% ethnic minority group); 131 participants developed T2DM. There was a non-significant 26% reduced risk of developing T2DM in the intervention arm compared to standard care (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48, 1.14, p=0.18). The reduction in T2DM risk when excluding those who did not attend the initial education session was also non-significant (HR 0.65, 0.41, 1.03, p=0.07). There were statistically significant improvements in HbA1c (-0.06, -0.11, -0.01), LDL cholesterol (-0.08, -0.15, -0.01), sedentary time (-26.29, -45.26, -7.32) and step count (498.15, 162.10, 834.20) when data were analysed across all time points.Conclusions This study suggests that a relatively low resource, pragmatic diabetes prevention programme resulted in modest benefits to biomedical, lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes, however the reduction to the risk of T2DM did not reach significance. The findings have important implications for future research and primary care.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The estimated probability of cost-effectiveness of the RETURN intervention was well over 90%, substantially exceeding the probabilities reported for brief GP advice for physical activity promotion (65%-72%) and structured education for pre-diabetes (86%).
“Analysis of the RETURN intervention suggested an estimated probability of cost- effectiveness of well over 90%, substantially exceeding these examples”
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701 · see citing works
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(5) Consistent findings have been reported from the USA Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).(6)”
BackgroundTuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(4) For example, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) found that the risk of T2DM was reduced by 58% in those referred to an intensive lifestyle intervention compared to usual care over a three-year period.(5) Consistent findings have been reported from the USA Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire
Broadbent, E., Petrie, K. J., Main, J., & Weinman, J. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020 · Cited by 3,431 · see citing works
How Many Steps/Day Are Enough?: Preliminary Pedometer Indices for Public Health
Tudor-Locke, C., & Bassett, D. R. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001 · Cited by 2,054 · see citing works
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)
Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., Tuomilehto, J., & for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3230 · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works
Self-citationGillies, C. L., Abrams, K. R., Lambert, P. C., Cooper, N. J., Sutton, A. J., Hsu, R. T., & Khunti, K. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39063.689375.55 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Self-citationHex, N., Bartlett, C., Wright, D., Taylor, M., & Varley, D. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03698.x · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Campion, W. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172772 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., Heller, S. R., Skinner, T. C., Campbell, M. J., Carey, M., Cradock, S., Dallosso, H. M., Daly, H., Doherty, Y., Eaton, S., et al. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39474.922025.be · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Self-citationDunkley, A. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Greaves, C. J., Russell, C., Yates, T., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2195 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
(2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.012 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Roper, N. A., Bilous, R. W., Kelly, W. F., Unwin, N. C., & Connolly, V. M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7299.1389 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Andrews, R., Cooper, A., Montgomery, A., Norcross, A., Peters, T., Sharp, D., Jackson, N., Fitzsimons, K., Bright, J., Coulman, K., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60442-x · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Dietary Intervention in Primary Care: Validity of the DINE Method for Diet Assessment
Roe, L. S., Strong, C., Whiteside, C., Neil, A., & Mant, D. (1994) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/11.4.375 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Gillett, M., Dallosso, H. M., Dixon, S., Brennan, A., Carey, M., Campbell, M. J., Heller, S. R., Khunti, K. K., Skinner, T. C., & Davies, M. J. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c4093 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationMorris, D. H., Khunti, K., Achana, F., Srinivasan, B., Gray, L. J., Davies, M. J., & Webb, D. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2902-4 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationYates, T. E., Davies, M. J., Gorely, T., Bull, F., & Khunti, K. K. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0130 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationFreemantle, N. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7292.989 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Bhopal, R. S., Douglas, A., Wallia, S., Forbes, J. F., Lean, M. E. J., Gill, J. M. R., McKnight, J. A., Sattar, N., Sheikh, A., Wild, S. H., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70204-3 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationA fifteen-dimensional measure of health-related quality of life (15D) and its applications
Sintonen, H., & Pekurinen, M. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2988-6_9 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Quality of life assessment: Key issues in the 1990s
Aaronson, N. K. (1993) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf00434802 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Dalton, A. R. H., Bottle, A., Okoro, C., Majeed, A., & Millett, C. J. (2011) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr034 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Oldroyd, J. C., Unwin, N. C., White, M. J., Mathers, J. C., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2005.09.018 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Webb, D. R., Khunti, K. K., Srinivasan, B. T., Gray, L. J., Taub, N. A., Campbell, S., Barnett, J., Henson, J. J., Hiles, S., Farooqi, A. M., et al. (2010) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-16 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationGray, L. J., Davies, M. J., Hiles, S., Taub, N. A., Webb, D. R., Srinivasan, B. T., & Khunti, K. K. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2432-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationThe EQ-5D Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire
(2012) · SpringerReference · doi:10.1007/springerreference_73334 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire
Broadbent, E., Petrie, K. J., Main, J., & Weinman, J. A. (2006) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t10379-000 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Dyson, P. A., Hammersley, M. S., Morris, R. J., Holman, R. R., & Turner, R. C. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90318-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Webb, D. R., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K. K., Srinivasan, B. T., Taub, N. A., Campbell, S., Barnett, J., Farooqi, A., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Griffin, S. J., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2189-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationGray, L. J., Khunti, K. K., Edwardson, C. L., Goldby, S., Henson, J. J., Morris, D. H., Sheppard, D., Webb, D. R., Williams, S. T., Yates, T. E., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2725-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationGray, L. J., Khunti, K. K., Williams, S., Goldby, S., Troughton, J., Yates, T. E., Gray, A. M., Davies, M. J., & Collaborators, F. T. L. P. (2012) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-56 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cai, X., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Wu, J. H., Mai, L., Li, J., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., & Huang, Y. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2297 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Barry, E., Roberts, S. A., Oke, J. L., Vijayaraghavan, S., Normansell, R., & Greenhalgh, T. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i6538 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Hemmingsen, B., Gimenez-Perez, G., Mauricio, D., Roqué i Figuls, M., Metzendorf, M.-I., & Richter, B. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003054.pub4 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Glechner, A., Keuchel, L., Affengruber, L., Titscher, V., Sommer, I., Matyas, N., Wagner, G., Kien, C., Klerings, I., & Gartlehner, G. (2018) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Chaudhry, U. A. R., Wahlich, C., Fortescue, R., Cook, D. G., Knightly, R., & Harris, T. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01020-8 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Thankappan, K. R., Sathish, T., Tapp, R. J., Shaw, J. E., Lotfaliany, M., Wolfe, R. S., Absetz, P., Mathews, E., Aziz, Z., Williams, E. D., et al. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002575 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Holt, R. I. G., Gossage-Worrall, R., Hind, D., Bradburn, M. J., McCrone, P., Morris, T., Edwardson, C. L., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Carey, M., Davies, M. J., et al. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.167 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationRoberts, S. A., Barry, E., Craig, D., Airoldi, M., Bevan, G., & Greenhalgh, T. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017184 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Benefit of lifestyle-based T2DM prevention is influenced by prediabetes phenotype
Campbell, M. D., Sathish, T., Zimmet, P., Thankappan, K. R., Oldenburg, B. F., Owens, D. R., Shaw, J. E., & Tapp, R. J. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0316-1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Mechanick, J. I., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Handelsman, Y., & Garvey, W. T. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ps-2018-0139 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Shaheen, T. I., El‐Naggar, M. E., Hussein, J., El‐Bana, M. A., Emara, E., El-Khayat, Z., Fouda, M. M. G., Ebaid, H., & Hebeish, A. (2016) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.052 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jonas, D. E., Crotty, K., Yun, J. D. Y., Middleton, J. C., Feltner, C., Taylor-Phillips, S., Barclay, C., Dotson, A., Baker, C., Balio, C. P., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10403 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Nanditha, A., Thomson, H., Susairaj, P., Srivanichakorn, W., Oliver, N. S., Godsland, I. F., Majeed, A., Darzi, A. W., Satheesh, K., Simon, M., et al. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05061-y · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sathish, T., Khunti, K. K., Narayan, K. M. V., Mohan, V., Davies, M. J., Yates, T. E., Oldenburg, B. F., Thankappan, K. R., Tapp, R. J., Bajpai, R. C., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0696 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHowells, L., Musaddaq, B., McKay, A. J., & Majeed, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013806 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gasana, J., O’Keeffe, T., Withers, T. M., & Greaves, C. J. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16541-7 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ranjit Unnikrishnan, I., Shaw, J. E., Chan, J. C. N., Wild, S. H., Peters, A. L., Orrange, S., Roden, M., & Mohan, V. (2025) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00635-0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Harris, T. J., Limb, E. S., Hosking, F. J., Carey, I. M., DeWilde, S., Furness, C., Wahlich, C., Ahmad, S., Kerry, S., Whincup, P. H., et al. (2019) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002836 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Collaborators, G. 2. E. M. R. D. A. C. K. D. (2017) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-017-1014-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wahlich, C., Chaudhry, U. A. R., Normansell, R., Cook, D. G., Hirani, S. P., Knightly, R., & Harris, T. J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034541 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Shirvani, T., Javadivala, Z., Azimi, S., Shaghaghi, A., Fathifar, Z., Bhalla, H. D. R. D., Abdekhoda, M., & Nadrian, H. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01619-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Holt, R. I. G., Hind, D., Gossage-Worrall, R., Bradburn, M. J., Saxon, D. H., McCrone, P., Morris, T., Etherington, A., Shiers, D., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., et al. (2018) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta22650 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationPilkington, K., Loef, M., & Polley, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6431 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Gómez‐Gómez, I., Bellón, J. Á., Resurrección, D. M., Cuijpers, P. J., Moreno-Peral, P., Rigabert, A., Maderuelo-Fernández, J. Á., & Motrico, E. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106067 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Yates, T. E., Gray, L. J., Henson, J. J., Edwardson, C. L., Khunti, K. K., & Davies, M. J. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0400 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLeal, J., Ahrabian, D., Davies, M. J., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K. K., Yates, T. E., & Gray, A. M. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013592 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationLessons Learned From Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes in South Asians: Kelly West Award Lecture 2024
Mohan, V. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci24-0046 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lifestyle medicine for anxiety symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wong, V. W.-H., Ho, F. Y., Shi, N.-K., Sarris, J. J., Ng, C. H., & Tam, O. K.-Y. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.151 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Baloch, M. Y. J., Baidya, P., Aryal, M., Din, M., Liu, Y., Iqbal, J., Ptak, M., Ilić, P., & Liu, C. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123163 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Smith, J. R., Greaves, C. J., Thompson, J. L., Taylor, R. S., Jones, M., Armstrong, R., Moorlock, S. J., Griffin, A., Solomon-Moore, E., Biddle, M. S. Y., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0877-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bodhini, D., Morton, R. W., Santhakumar, V., Nakabuye, M., Pomares‐Millan, H., Clemmensen, C., Fitzpatrick, S. L., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Pankow, J. S., Ried‐Larsen, M., et al. (2023) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-023-00363-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Khunti, K. K., Griffin, S. J., Brennan, A., Dallosso, H. M., Davies, M. J., Eborall, H., Edwardson, C. L., Gray, L. J., Hardeman, W., Heathcote, L., et al. (2021) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta25770 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationHassen, H., Ndejjo, R., Musinguzi, G., van Geertruyden, J., Abrams, S., & Bastiaens, H. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106797 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chen, M., Moran, L., Harrison, C. L., Ukke, G. G., Sood, S., Bennett, C., Khomami, M. B., Absetz, P., Teede, H. J., & Lim, S. S. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13340 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., Gray, L. J., Ahrabian, D., Carey, M., Farooqi, A., Gray, A. M., Goldby, S., Hill, S., Jones, K. L., Leal, J., et al. (2017) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar05020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationGray, L. J., Yates, T. E., Troughton, J., Khunti, K., Davies, M. J., & The Let’s Prevent Diabetes Team (2016) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002078 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment of hospital length of stay and direct costs of type 2 diabetes in Hubei Province, China
Chen, D., Liu, S., Tan, X., & Zhao, Q. (2017) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2140-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Khalaf, Y. H., Dawood, Y., & Khashan, A. A. (2022) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100722 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jayedi, A., Soltani, S., Emadi, A., Najafi, A., & Zargar, M. S. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.031 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gossage-Worrall, R., Holt, R. I. G., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Carey, M., Davies, M. J., Dickens, C. M., Doherty, Y., Edwardson, C. L., French, P., Gaughran, F., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1572-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationHerring, L. Y., Dallosso, H. M., Chatterjee, S., Bodicoat, D. H., Schreder, S., Khunti, K. K., Yates, T. E., Seidu, S., Hudson, I., & Davies, M. J. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2923-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationCoventry, P. A., Bower, P., Blakemore, A., Baker, E., Hann, M., Li, J., Paisley, A. N., & Gibson, M. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0080-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lotfaliany, M., Sathish, T., Shaw, J. E., Thomas, E. E., Tapp, R. J., Kapoor, N., Thankappan, K. R., & Oldenburg, B. F. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106068 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Carey, M., Barnett, J., Doherty, Y., Barnard, K., Daly, H., French, P., Gossage-Worrall, R., Hadjiconstantinou, M., Hind, D., Mitchell, J., et al. (2018) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-018-0378-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sánchez, Á., Silvestre, C., Campo, N., & Grandes, G. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sukumar, N., Dallosso, H. M., Saravanan, P., Yates, T. E., Telling, C., Shorthose, K., Northern, A., Schreder, S., Brough, C., Gray, L. J., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-3067-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationBegum, S., Povey, R. C., Ellis, N., & Gidlow, C. J. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108273 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Chai, X., Wang, Y., Yin, X., Huang, X., Gong, Q., Zhang, J., Shao, R., & Li, G. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/63975 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Calderón-Larrañaga, S., Clinch, M., Greenhalgh, T., & Finer, S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042303 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
MALINDISA, E. K., Balandya, E., Mashili, F. L., Iddi, S., & Njelekela, M. A. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.42.19.22184 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chai, X., Wang, Y., Yin, X., Gong, Q., Zhang, J., Shao, R., & Li, G. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103184 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Garner, N. J., Pascale, M., France, K., Ferns, C., Clark, A., Auckland, S., & Sampson, M. (2019) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000619 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Aujla, N., Yates, T. E., Dallosso, H. M., & Kai, J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028491 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationon behalf of the PREDIAPS Group, Sánchez, Á., Gonzalo Grandes, O., Pablo, S., Espinosa, M., Torres, A., & García-Álvarez, A. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0783-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Khunti, K. K., Sukumar, N., Waheed, G., Gillies, C. L., Dallosso, H. M., Brough, C., Davies, M. J., Fitzpatrick, C., Gray, L. J., HIGHTON, P. J., et al. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15118 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEducational Model and Prevention on Prediabetes: A Systematic Review
Amelia, R., Harahap, J., Zulham, Z., Fujiati, I. I., & Wijaya, H. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998275518231006074504 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dunkel, A., von Storch, K., Hochheim, M., Zank, S., Polidori, M. C., & Woopen, C. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-023-01290-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
López‐Gil, J. F., Smith, L., López‐Bueno, R., & López, P. J. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.871238 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pre-diabetes: opportunity or overdiagnosis?
Twohig, H., Hodges, V., & Mitchell, C. A. (2018) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp18x695369 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Michaud, T. L., Almeida, F. A., Porter, G. C., Kittel, C., Schwab, R. J., Brito, F. A., Wilson, K. E., Katula, J. A., Castro, C. M., Estabrooks, P. A., et al. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.01.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Holm, T. F., Udsen, F. W., Giese, I. E., Færch, K., Jensen, M. H., von Scholten, B. J., & Hangaard, S. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241292646 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Andrade, C. A. S., Lovas, S., Mahrouseh, N., Chamouni, G., Shahin, B., Mustafa, E., Muhlis, A. N. A., Njuguna, D. W., Israel, F. E. A., Gammoh, N., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17061053 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Freene, N., Davey, R., Sathiyakumar, R., & McPhail, S. (2020) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101230 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Herring, L. Y., Dallosso, H. M., Schreder, S., Smith, E. J., Waheed, G., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K., Yates, T. E., HIGHTON, P. J., Rowlands, A. V., et al. (2021) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2020-001351 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationYeung, K.-F., Gandhi, M., Lam, A. Y. R., Julianty, S., Chia, A. Y. M., Tan, G. C. S., Goh, S., Ho, E. T. L., Koh, A. F. Y., Tan, G. S. W., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05500-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Fu, Y., Mu, Y. M., Huang, Y., & Xuan, J. (2021) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.07.014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Seib, C. A., Moriarty, S., McDonald, N., Anderson, D. J., & Parkinson, J. E. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14056-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Demissie, G. D., Birungi, J., Shrestha, A., Haregu, T., Sathish, T., & Oldenburg, B. F. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104130 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Let's Prevent Diabetes: from idea to implementation
Gray, L. J., Troughton, J., Khunti, K. K., & Davies, M. J. (2017) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.2080 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationRong, J., Ho, M., Zhou, D., & Chau, P. H. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111939 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Use of technology in prediabetes and precision prevention
He, J., Chu, N. H. S., Wan, H., Ling, J., Xue, Y., Leung, K. H. T., Yang, A., Shen, J., & Chow, E. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70057 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mathews, E., Sathish, T., Joseph, A., Kodapally, B., Thulaseedharan, J. V., Narayan, K. V., Oldenburg, B. F., & Thankappan, K. R. (2022) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17631.1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Razieh, C., Khunti, K. K., Davies, M. J., Edwardson, C. L., Henson, J. J., Darko, N., Comber, A., Jones, A., & Yates, T. E. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13986 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, M., Ukke, G. G., Moran, L., Sood, S., Bennett, C., Khomami, M. B., Absetz, P., Teede, H. J., Harrison, C. L., & Lim, S. S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13114118 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes
Gray, L. J., Willis, A. M., Webb, D. R., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. K. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45015-5_12 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDigital technologies for prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ng, C. M., Cheong, W. L., Chong, C. W., Teoh, S. L., Yap, W. S., & Lee, S. W. H. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103206 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A multiple health behaviour change intervention to prevent depression: A randomized controlled trial
Gómez‐Gómez, I., Motrico, E., Moreno-Peral, P., Casajuana‐Closas, M., López‐Jiménez, T., Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo, E., Clavería, A., Llobera, J., Martí‐Lluch, R., Ramos, R., et al. (2023) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.02.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
on behalf of the PREDIAPS Group, Sánchez, Á., Pablo, S., García-Álvarez, A., Dominguez-Martinez, S., & Grandes, G. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01127-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bower, P., Soiland‐Reyes, C., Bennett, C., Brunton, L., Burch, P., Cameron, E., Chandola, T., Chatzi, G., Cotterill, S., French, D., et al. (2025) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/mwkj5102 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhou, R., Cui, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, D., An, X., Duan, Y., Zhang, Y., Kang, X., & Lian, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.838224 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tyrer, F., Gharibzadeh, S., Gillies, C. L., Lawson, C. A., Routen, A. C., Islam, N., Razieh, C., Zaccardi, F., Yates, T. E., Davies, M. J., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16071 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationSuhlrie, L., Ayyagari, R., Camille, M., Olsson, K., Torres-Aparcana, H., James, S., Vounzoulaki, E., & Ibsen, D. B. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103252 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bağrıaçık, E., & Bayraktar, N. (2022) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2022.05.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Barry, E., Greenhalgh, T., Shaw, S. E., & Papoutsi, C. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066301 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hassen, H. Y., Sisay, B. G., Geertruyden, J. V., Goff, D. L., Ndejjo, R., Musinguzi, G., Abrams, S., & Bastiaens, H. (2023) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980023000976 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Novel data-driven pathophysiological phenotypes among women with prediabetes in an Indian population
Mathews, E., Joseph, A., Anand, T. N., Oldenburg, B. F., Thankappan, K. R., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112374 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
MALINDISA, E. K., Balandya, E., Mashili, F. L., & Njelekela, M. A. (2021) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology2040022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, E., Waters, A. M., Cunningham, A., Silverio, A., Han, J. J., & Mills, G. D. (2022) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276221123527 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dallosso, H. M., Khunti, K. K., Gray, L. J., Hulley, K., Ghaly, M., Patel, N., Kai, J., Aujla, N., Davies, M. J., & Yates, T. E. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.05.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAslam, A., Butt, M. D., Javaid, I., Malik, T., Gull, Z., Mahmood, A., Afzal, A., Adnan, A., & Ong, S. C. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25319-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bağrıaçık, E., & Bayraktar, N. (2021) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2021.06.004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Corgatelli, C., Dodge, E., Bernstein, J., Kruk, J., & Aboul-Enein, B. H. (2022) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.14041 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The national health service England diabetes prevention program—A narrative review
Koning, C., Pelletier, M., & Spooner, J. (2023) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/jod.jod_89_23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes
Gray, L. J., Willis, A. M., Webb, D. R., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. K. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27317-4_12-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecision prevention of type 2 diabetes: An approach to revitalize current lifestyle interventions
Sathish, T. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110722 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zabula, T., Lowers, V., Howdon, D., & Harris, R. (2026) · Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.70085 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Qu, W., An, Z., Jin, H. Z., Han, Y., Cao, X., Wu, Q., & Gao, Y. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112046 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tolonen, U., Lankinen, M. A., Laakso, M., & Schwab, U. (2025) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-025-03791-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
HIGHTON, P. J., Funnell, M. P., Tziannou, A., Rowlands, A. V., Sukumar, N., Gillies, C. L., Gray, L. J., Yates, T., Davies, M. J., Saravanan, P., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70199 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSharman, R. L., Ray, D. W., Farmer, A. A., Green, P., Harris, V., Karpe, F., Espie, C. A., Mantripp, D., Marjot, T., McGowan, N. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70306 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Davies, M. J., Gray, L. J., Troughton, J., Gray, A., Tuomilehto, J., Farooqi, A., Khunti, K., & Yates, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Gray, Laura J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 84
- Pages
- 48-56
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2202989893
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 8.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2013-11-001, RP-PG-0606-1272, NF-SI-0512-10159, CDF-2012-05-259)
- University of Leicester
- Loughborough University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes prevention, prediabetes, primary prevention, lifestyle intervention, structured education programme, behavior change, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, sedentary behavior, physical activity, general practice, community-based prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, United Kingdom, Health Promotion, Humans, Life Style, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Primary Prevention, Program Evaluation, Risk Reduction Behavior, Independent Living
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review