The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frequency of Neurologic Complications Following Carotid Sinus Massage
Abstract
Carotid sinus massage is a useful procedure in diagnosis and treatment. A standard technique with applied exclusion criteria causes infrequent neurologic complications (11 in 16,000), most of which are transient and result in full recovery.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When pooling data from four studies in which 8720 patients were analysed, transient ischaemic attacks or strokes were observed in 21 patients (0.24%) after carotid sinus massage.
“When pooling the data from four studies 90,95-97 in which 8720 patients were analysed, TIAs or strokes were observed in 21 (0.24%).”
From 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (2018) · cites this paper as [97]
Citations
Cites
McIntosh, S. J., COSTA, D. D., & Kenny, R. A. (1993) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/22.1.53 · Cited by 225
Self-citationIncidence of Complications After Carotid Sinus Massage in Old er Patients with Syncope
Munro, N. C., Mclntosh, S., Lawson, J., Morleyf, C. A., Sutton, R., & Kenny, R. A. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06505.x · Cited by 126
Self-citationCarotid sinus hypersensitivity and the carotid sinus syndrome
Strasberg, B., Sagie, A., Erdman, S., Kusniec, J., Sclarovsky, S., & Agmon, J. (1989) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(89)90032-7 · Cited by 114
RICHARDSON, D. A., BEXTON, R. S., SHAW, F. E., & KENNY, R. A. (1997) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb03912.x · Cited by 100
Self-citationCerebral Atheromatous Embolism Following Carotid Sinus Pressure
Beal, M. F., Park, T. S., & Fisher, C. (1981) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1981.00510050076014 · Cited by 35
Sutton, R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Developed in collaboration with, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Heart Failure Association (HFA), and Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), societies, E. B. T. F., European Society of Emergency Medicine (EuSEM), European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM), European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), American Geriatrics Society (AGS), European Neurological Society (ENS), et al. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298 · Cited by 2,040
Self-citation2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope
Brignole, M., Moya, A., de Lange, F. J., Deharo, J.-C., Elliott, P. M., Fanciulli, A., Fedorowski, A., Furlan, R., Kenny, R. A., Martín, A., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037 · Cited by 1,951
Self-citationGuidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope
Brignole, M. (2001) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2739 · Cited by 951
Guidelines on Management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope ? update 2004
Brignole, M., Alboni, P., Benditt, D. G., Bergfeldt, L., Blanc, J., Thomsen, P. E. B., van Dijk, J. G., Fitzpatrick, A. P., Hohnloser, S. H., Janousek, J., et al. (2004) · EP Europace · doi:10.1016/j.eupc.2004.08.008 · Cited by 650
Self-citation2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope
Brignole, M., Moya‐Mitjans, À., de Lange, F. J., Deharo, J., Elliot, P. M., Fanciulli, A., Fedorowski, A., Furlan, R., Kenny, R. A., Martiın, A., et al. (2018) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.2018.0161 · Cited by 475
Self-citationCarotid sinus syndrome: a modifiable risk factor for nonaccidental falls in older adults (SAFE PACE)
Kenny, R. A. M., Richardson, D. A., Steen, N., Bexton, R. S., Shaw, F. E., & Bond, J. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01537-6 · Cited by 344
Self-citationKapoor, W. N. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200012213432507 · Cited by 322
Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo del síncope (versión 2009)
Moya‐Mitjans, À., Sutton, R., Ammirati, F., Blanc, J., Brignole, M., Dahm, J. B., Deharo, J., Gajek, J. J., Gjesdal, K., Krahn, A. D., et al. (2009) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s1885-5857(09)73541-8 · Cited by 277
Kenny, R. A., O'Shea, D., & Parry, S. W. (2000) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.83.5.564 · Cited by 148
Self-citationPuggioni, E., Guiducci, V., Brignole, M., Menozzi, C., Oddone, D., Donateo, P., Croci, F., Solano, A., Lolli, G., Tomasi, C., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02303-7 · Cited by 143
Parry, S. W., Steen, N. D., Bexton, R. S., Tynan, M., & Kenny, R. A. (2009) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.153189 · Cited by 114
Self-citationParry, S. W., Richardson, D. A., O'Shea, D., Sen, B., & Kenny, R. A. (2000) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.83.1.22 · Cited by 108
Self-citationNeurocardiovascular Instability in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Kenny, R. A., Kalaria, R. N., & Ballard, C. G. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04816.x · Cited by 105
Self-citationPires, L. A., Ganji, J. R., Jarandila, R., & Steele, R. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.15.1889 · Cited by 106
Carotid sinus syndrome, should we pace? A multicentre, randomised control trial (Safepace 2)
Ryan, D. J., Nick, S., Colette, S. M., & Roseanne, K. (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.176206 · Cited by 91
Kenny, R. A. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.023812 · Cited by 64
Self-citationCardiovascular assessment of falls in older people
Tan, M. P., & Kenny, R. A. (2006) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/ciia.2006.1.1.57 · Cited by 53
Self-citationAllcock, L. M., & O’Shea, D. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.8.m458 · Cited by 43
The management of patients with carotid sinus syndrome: is pacing the answer?
Healey, J., Connolly, S. J., & Morillo, C. A. (2004) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-004-1012-2 · Cited by 42
Safety and tolerability of Tilt Testing and Carotid Sinus Massage in the octogenarians
Ungar, A., Rivasi, G., Rafanelli, M., Toffanello, G., Mussi, C., Ceccofiglio, A., McDonagh, R., Drumm, B., Marchionni, N., Alboni, P., et al. (2016) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afw004 · Cited by 35
Self-citationCardiac Causes for Falls and Their Treatment
Cronin, H., & Kenny, R. A. (2010) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2010.07.006 · Cited by 37
Self-citationStepwise evaluation of syncope: A prospective population-based controlled study
Sarasin, F., Pruvot, E. J., Louis‐Simonet, M., Hügli, O., Sztajzel, J. M., Schläpfer, J., Herrera, M., Graz, J., Berchier, C., Mischler, C., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.077 · Cited by 32
Blanc, J.-J. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2012.11.002 · Cited by 29
Pasquier, M., Clair, M., Pruvot, E. J., Hügli, O., & Carron, P. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmvcm1313338 · Cited by 28
Ungar, A., Rafanelli, M., Morrione, A., Landi, A., Ruffolo, E., Chisciotti, V. M., Brunetti, M. A., & Marchionni, N. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s44453 · Cited by 25
Kenny, R. A. (2002) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00005-8 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSyncope in the Emergency Department: A Practical Approach
Furlan, L., Jacobitti, G., Gianni, F., Solbiati, M., Mancusi, C., & Costantino, G. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13113231 · Cited by 22
Seifer, C. M. (2012) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.10.002 · Cited by 21
Approach to the Patient with Syncope
Benditt, D. G., & Adkisson, W. O. (2012) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.09.002 · Cited by 20
The newcastle protocol for carotid sinus massage
O’Shea, D., Parry, S. W., & Kenny, R. A. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49050.x · Cited by 17
Self-citationCarotid sinus massage – How safe is it?
Walsh, T., Clinch, D., Costelloe, Á., Moore, A., Sheehy, T., Watts, M., Bryant, C. A., Close, J., Gonzalez, J., Ouldred, E. L., et al. (2006) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afl057 · Cited by 17
Autonomic dysfunction in older people
Marigold, R., Arias, M., Vassallo, M., Allen, S., & Kwan, J. S. K. (2010) · Reviews in Clinical Gerontology · doi:10.1017/s0959259810000286 · Cited by 14
The role of tilt table testing in neurocardiocascular instability in older adults
Parry, S. W. (2001) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.1999.2046 · Cited by 14
Comparison of Various Vagal Maneuvers for Supraventricular Tachycardia by Network Meta-Analysis
Huang, E. P., Chen, C., Fan, C., Sung, C., Lai, P., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.769437 · Cited by 23
Investigating syncope: a review
Gould, P. A., Krahn, A. D., Klein, G. J., Yee, R. K., Skanes, A. C., & Gula, L. J. (2005) · Current Opinion in Internal Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000198986.16626.86 · Cited by 14
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity and Syncope
Coplan, N. L. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.5.491 · Cited by 13
The changing face of orthostatic and neurocardiogenic syncope with age
Cooke, J., Carew, S., Costelloe, Á., Sheehy, T., Quinn, C., & Lyons, D. J. (2011) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcr032 · Cited by 12
Carotid sinus massage in clinical practice: the Six-Step-Method
de Lange, F. J., de Jong, J. S. Y., van Zanten, S., Hofland, W. P. M. E., Tabak, R., Cammenga, M., Pascual, J. F., Russo, V., Fedorowski, A., Deharo, J., et al. (2024) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euae266 · Cited by 11
Autonomic Dysfunction and Hypotension
Mathias, C. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_91 · Cited by 10
Ziegelstein, R. C. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.10.1221 · Cited by 10
Falls, Dizziness, and Syncope in the Very Old
Didyk, N., & Morillo, C. A. (2004) · Developments in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8865-2_6 · Cited by 9
What is a tilt table test and why is it performed during the investigation of syncope?
White, L. J., Jones, H. T., & Davies, A. (2021) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2020.0462 · Cited by 8
Self-citationGuía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo del síncope (versión 2009)
Moya‐Mitjans, À., Sutton, R., Ammirati, F., Blanc, J., Brignole, M., Dahm, J. B., Deharo, J., Gajek, J. J., Gjesdal, K., Krahn, A. D., et al. (2009) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(09)73132-x · Cited by 23
Self-citationvan Zanten, S., de Jong, J. S. Y., Scheffer, M. G., Kaal, E. C. A., de Groot, J. R., & de Lange, F. J. (2023) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euae002 · Cited by 9
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
Parry, S. W., & Kenny, R. A. (2005) · doi:10.1002/9780470994801.ch14 · Cited by 7
Self-citationAspects of Pacemakers - Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Indications
Vonend, O., & Eckert, S. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/845 · Cited by 6
Angaran, P., Klein, G. J., Yee, R. K., Skanes, A. C., Gula, L. J., Leong‐Sit, P., & Krahn, A. D. (2011) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.005 · Cited by 6
Mallet, M. (2003) · Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hosp.2003.64.2.1829 · Cited by 5
Important points in the clinical evaluation of patients with syncope
Arthur, W., & Kaye, G. (2001) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pmj.77.904.99 · Cited by 4
« Malaise », lipothymie et syncope
Lestavel, P., & Marquié, C. (2004) · EMC - Médecine · doi:10.1016/j.emcmed.2004.03.002 · Cited by 3
Carotid sinus massage in the elderly: is it worth the risk?
Veitch, P. C., & Montague, R. E. (2000) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139249.x · Cited by 3
Lord, S. R., Sherrington, C., Menz, H. B., & Close, J. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511722233.011 · Cited by 4
Pause Dependent Ventricular Tachycardia Resultant from Carotid Sinus Massage
Fox, M. T., VERGA, T. A., Jadonath, R., & BELDNER, S. J. (2008) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01004.x · Cited by 3
Randomized Assessment of Syncope Trial
Carey, B. J., & Potter, J. F. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.105.2.e8 · Cited by 3
Síncope: ¿muchos estudios y pocos diagnósticos?
Aspas, R. D., Legarre, P. S., Beguería, E. C., Miazza, C. T., Ruiz, F. R., Rull, J. L. M., Calvo, J. P., Ruiz-Laiglesia, F., & Ferreras, M. A. (2004) · Revista Clínica Española · doi:10.1016/s0014-2565(04)71386-7 · Cited by 3
Atrial fibrillation precipitated by carotid sinus massage in a patient with unexplained syncope
Carey, B. J. (2006) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/bf03169007 · Cited by 2
Clinical evaluation and risk stratification in patients with syncope
Koenig, T. W., Duncker, D., Hohmann, S., Schroeder, C., Oswald, H., & Veltmann, C. (2014) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-014-4099-9 · Cited by 2
Hogan, T. M., & Jin, L. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139250986.014 · Cited by 2
Role of Pacing in Neurally Mediated Syncope
Kuriachan, V. P., & Sheldo, R. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/23039 · Cited by 2
« Malaise », lipothymie et syncope
Lestavel, P., & Marquié, C. (2006) · EMC - Médecine d urgence · doi:10.1016/s1959-5182(06)73437-7 · Cited by 1
Pacing in Neurally Mediated Syncope Syndromes
Berecki-Gisolf, J., & Sheldon, R. S. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1616-0.00015-1 · Cited by 1
Syncope and Unexplained Falls in the Elderly
Rafanelli, M., Brignole, M., & Kenny, R. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43468-1_7 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKasperowicz, A., Banach, M., Maciejewski, M., & Bielecka-Dabrowa, A. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30332-7_3 · Cited by 1
Gierthmühlen, J., & Baron, R. (2020) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-1165-7184 · Cited by 1
Ungar, A., Rafanelli, M., Rivasi, G., & Marozzi, I. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74720-6_29 · Cited by 1
Common high-risk presentations in the elderly
Kahn, J. H., Magauran, B., & Olshaker, J. S. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139250986.010 · Cited by 1
Lu, H. Y., Pasquier, M., & Lu, H. Y. (2018) · Annales françaises de médecine d’urgence · doi:10.3166/afmu-2018-0094 · Cited by 1
Puppala, V. K., Sakaguchi, S., Dickinson, O., & Benditt, D. G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6705-2_17 · Cited by 1
Medical management of older people at risk of falls
Lord, S. R., Sherrington, C., Menz, H. B., & Close, J. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511722233.014 · Cited by 1
Colman, N., Wieling, W., & Freeman, R. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012125831-3/50300-2 · Cited by 1
Klein, G. G., & Korte, T. (2005) · Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00390-005-0537-5 · Cited by 1
Indications for and Interpretation of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests
Brignole, M., & Benditt, D. G. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-201-8_7
Hardy, J. P., & Edrich, T. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511842306.157
Bloomfield, D. M., & Kunavarapu, C. R. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-357-6_12
Performing Carotid Sinus Massage
Maggi, R., & Brignole, M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-0636-2_20
Alet, M., Fernández, V., Dorman, G. S., Avalle, M., Quarracino, C., Lepera, S., & Rey, R. C. (2015) · Neurología Argentina · doi:10.1016/j.neuarg.2015.02.001
Frendl, G. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511842306.155
Beleslin, B., Deljanin, M., Kanjuh, V., Parapid, B. J., Giga, V. L., Prostran, M. S., Angelkov, L., Balinovac, J., Bikicki, M., Ambrosio, G., et al. (2013)
Carotid sinus massage in the elderly: is it worth the risk?
Fatovich, D. M. (2000) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139335.x
Management of Postoperative Cardiac Arrhythmias
Martinez, E., Warczynski, T. M., Wallop, J., Slater, T., & Owens, S. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-01810-4.10014-8
Pacing in Reflex (Neurally-Mediated) Syncopes
Brignole, M., & Abe, H. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37804-8.00015-8
Brinth, L. S., Latif, T., Pors, K., Kjær, A., & Mehlsen, J. (2014) · Healthy Aging Research · doi:10.12715/har.2014.3.6
Brignole, M., Blanc, J., Sutton, R., & Moyá, A. (2009)
McGee, S. R. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2207-9.00015-x
Differenzialdiagnostik unklarer Synkopen
Seewöster, T., Lindemann, F., & Hindricks, G. (2019) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-019-04852-8
Differenzialdiagnostik unklarer Synkopen
Seewöster, T., Lindemann, F., & Hindricks, G. (2020) · CME · doi:10.1007/s11298-020-8062-1
The Medical Management of Older People at Risk of Falls
Latt, M. D., & Naganathan, V. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108594455.021
Left hemispheric cortical watershed infarcts triggered by carotid sinus self-massage
Haber, G., Loffeld, M., Braumiller, M., & Lorenzl, S. (2021) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-244926
Lü, F., Sakaguchi, S., & Benditt, D. G. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_18
Gould, P. A., Klein, G. J., Yee, R., Skanes, A. C., Gula, L. J., & Krahn, A. D. (2008) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01714-9
Ungar, A., Rafanelli, M., Rivasi, G., & Marozzi, I. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01782-8_29-1
Brignole, M., Blanc, J., Sutton, R., & Moya‐Mitjans, À. (2009) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199566990.003.026
Blum, T., & Kalusche, D. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18649-3_20
(2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141602898-7.50018-6
de Lange, F. J., Brignole, M., Benditt, D. G., Dani, M., Deharo, J., Fanciulli, A., Fedorowski, A., Groppelli, A., Hamdan, M. H., Hamrefors, V., et al. (2026) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-026-01218-z
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Davies, A. J., & Kenny, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Royal Victoria Infirmary (GB)
- ORCID
- Kenny, Rose Anne
- Venue
- The American Journal of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1256-1257
- ISSN
- 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010860806
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- carotid sinus massage, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological complications, syncope, falls, cardioinhibitory response, vasodepressor response, elderly patients, informed consent, carotid sinus reflex
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aphasia, Carotid Sinus, Female, Hemiplegia, Humans, Male, Massage, Middle Aged, Vision Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
