Metabolic effects of progesterone
Abstract
Progesterone has important effects on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. This steroid induces hyperinsulinemia, possibly by direct action on pancreatic islets, while promoting glycogen storage in the liver. Paradoxically, it antagonizes the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Progesterone stimulates deposition of body fat but had catabolic effects on protein metabolism. Provisional evidence is offered that the steroid may influence ketone body production by the liver as well. When these steroid actions are considered together, their most relevant expression appears to be the physiologic changes observed during normal pregnancy.
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Estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol, promotes lipolysis and increases fatty acid availability while decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis with muscle and liver glycogen sparing.
“Estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol, promotes lipolysis and increases fatty acid availability while decreasing the rate of gluconeogenesis with muscle and liver glycogen sparing.”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [156]
Robust evidence demonstrates that estrogen and progesterone have important roles in regulating substrate metabolism.
“Robust evidence exists that demonstrates the important roles estrogen and progesterone have in regulating substrate metabolism [20,24,66,70,80,82,84,154–159].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [156]
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- Authors
- Kalkhoff, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalkhoff, Ronald K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1982-03
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 735-738
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145204429
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- progesterone, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, pancreatic islets, hepatic glycogen storage, insulin resistance, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, fat deposition, ketone synthesis, pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Female, Humans, Insulin, Ketone Bodies, Muscles, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Proteins, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism
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