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Biological aspects of reactive nitrogen species
Open accessAbstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role as a cell-signalling molecule, anti-infective agent and, as most recently recognised, an antioxidant. The metabolic fate of NO gives rise to a further series of compounds, collectively known as the reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which possess their own unique characteristics. In this review we discuss this emerging aspect of the NO field in the context of the formation of the RNS and what is known about their effects on biological systems. While much of the insight into the RNS has been gained from the extensive chemical characterisation of these species, to reveal biological consequences this approach must be complemented by direct measures of physiological function. Although we do not know the consequences of many of the dominant chemical reactions of RNS an intriguing aspect is now emerging. This review will illustrate how, when specificity and amplification through cell signalling mechanisms are taken into account, the less significant reactions, in terms of yield or rates, can explain many of the biological responses of exposure of cells or physiological systems to RNS.
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“NO reacts rapidly with other free radicals such as O2˙̄ or lipid peroxyl radicals (5, 48).”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Patel, R. P., McAndrew, J., Sellak, H., White, C. R., Jo, H., Freeman, B. A., & Darley-Usmar, V. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Darley-Usmar, Victor M.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-05
- Volume
- 1411
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 385-400
- ISSN
- 0005-2728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005187114
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (AL-G-960035)
- National Institutes of Health (5p01hl048676-05, 5r01hl051245-05, HL53601, HL48676)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL59685, HL-51245, R01HL058115, HL48676)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Keywords
- reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide, nitric oxide metabolism, signal transduction, antioxidant function, anti-infective activity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, Membranes, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen, Oxidation-Reduction, Tyrosine, Vasodilation, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Nitric Oxide Donors
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