The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A comparison of two spider fear questionnaires
Abstract
The present studies compared the psychometric properties of two self-report measures of spider fear: Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) and Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ). In the first study, adequate test-retest stability and internal consistency was found for both FSQ and SPQ. In the second study, both instruments were able to differentiate between phobic and non-phobic subjects. Furthermore, FSQ as well as SPQ were sensitive to therapeutic change and correlated in a meaningful way with other subjective and behavioral indices of spider fear. Data suggest that the FSQ is superior to the SPQ in measuring fear in the non-phobic range. Also, the FSQ taps a somewhat different aspect of subjective spider fear (i.e., fear of harm) and, consequently, may provide additional information.
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In the citing paper
“Seven RCTs identified phobic participants with a validated fear questionnaire (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donoghue, 1995) and by assessing their approach behavior towards the tarantula (N=344; Siegel, Anderson & Han, 2011; Siegel, Cohen & Warren, 2022; Siegel & Gallagher, 2015; Siegel, Warren, Jacobson & Merritt, 2018; Siegel & Weinberger, 2009, 2012; Weinberger, unpublishedf).”
From Advancing the treatment of anxiety disorders in transition‐age youth: a review of the therapeutic effects of unconscious exposure. (2025) · cites this paper as Muris & Merckelbach, 1996
In the citing paper
“The FSQ has excellent psychometric properties.”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“in both conditions, scores obtained on both the FSQ and SBQ in the last follow-up (6-month) were similar to those reported by Muris and Merckelbach [56] in a normal population and by Arntz et al. [58] in a clinical population after treatment.”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Muris and Merckelbach [56]
Citations
Cites
Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires
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Öst, L.-G. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90113-7 · Cited by 498
Fear of spiders’ questionnaire
Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W. (1995) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)00072-t · Cited by 450
Relevant and irrelevant fear in flooding—A crossover study of phobic patients
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One-session therapist-directed exposure vs. self-exposure in the treatment of spider phobia
Öst, L.-G., Salkovskis, P. M., & Hellström, K. (1991) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80374-0 · Cited by 220
Arntz, A., Lavy, E., van den Berg, G., & van Rijsoort, S. (1993) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(93)90012-q · Cited by 192
Reliability and validity of some specific fear questionnaires
FREDRIKSON, M. (1983) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1983.tb00507.x · Cited by 123
Fear questionnaires for simple phobias: Psychometric evaluations for a Norwegian sample
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Scheuermann, D., Melzig, C. A., & Benke, C. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104671
Basanovic, J., Ranjbar, S., & MacLeod, C. (2025) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-024-10110-0
Basanovic, J., Ranjbar, S., & MacLeod, C. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10619-9
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Ritzert, T. R. (2014) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/dc6h-ehej
The Act of Measurement: The Influence of Behavioural Tests on Spider Fear and Disgust
Peters, J., van Wonderen, A., Visser, R. M., & Kindt, M. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10234-8
Ahari, N. J., & Fonzo, G. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1665770 · Cited by 1
Characterizing the behavioral phenotypes of phobic avoidancePreprint
Frumento, S., Magnavacca, E., Iannizzotto, A., Gemignani, A., Scilingo, E. P., Menicucci, D., & Greco, A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7534187/v1
Burger, S. B. (2012) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Carpentier, N., Hermans, D., Leng, L., Luyten, L., & Scheveneels, S. (2026) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103135
Applying the peak-end rule to improve exposure outcomes in fear and anxiety
Scheveneels, S., Dibbets, P., Hommerich, Z., & den Bergh, O. V. (2026) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2026.2644243
Kindt, M., Visser, R. M., & Peters, J. (2024) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Courcier, L., Hijazeen, J., Rohde, J., Weidt, S., & Egger, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7268238
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Metadata
- Authors
- Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H.
- Corresponding author
- Muris, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241-244
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148925481
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- spider phobia, phobia assessment, self-report measures, psychometric properties, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, treatment response, fear of harm
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Desensitization, Psychologic, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Spiders, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome
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