Ironic effects of trying to relax under stress
Abstract
Two studies found that intentional relaxation under conditions of mental load or stress produces ironic increases in skin conductance level (SCL). In Experiment 1, participants instructed to relax under the high mental load of rehearsing a long number had higher SCL than those instructed to relax under low load, and tended to have higher SCL than those under high load not instructed to relax. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to relax or were not so instructed while they answered questions described either as measures of IQ or as unimportant. Those in the more loading and stressful situation who were asked to relax had greater SCL during the questions than those not asked to relax.
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Mindfulness reduces the paradoxical effect by suppressing anxiety-provoking thoughts and stress.
“Mindfulness reduces the paradoxical effect by suppressing anxiety-provoking thoughts and stress [147,148].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use in insomnia and anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [147]
There is evidence that relaxation is interpreted as an exercise in suppression or avoidance.
“However, there is evidence suggest that relaxation is indeed interpreted in this manner.”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 1997
There is some evidence that individuals perceive relaxation exercises as an effort to modify or remove negative or anxiety-related events, in a type of experiential avoidance.
“Indeed, ther e is some evidence individuals perceive relaxation exercises as an effort modify or remove negative or anxiety-related events, in a type of expe riential avoidance (Wegner, Broome, & Blumberg, 1997).”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner, Broome, & Blumberg, 1997
Relaxation is open to interpretation as an exercise in suppression or avoidance, and it is commonly viewed this way.
“They argue that relaxation is open to interpretation as an exercise in suppression or avoidance, and in fact, it is commonly viewed this way.”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 1997
Paradoxical increases in arousal during relaxation often occur when relaxation is viewed as the avoidance of anxiety-related experiences.
“Such paradoxical increases often occur when relaxation is viewed as the avoidance of anxietyrelated experiences.”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 1997
Increased cognitive load at the time might constitute the difference between there being no paradoxical effects and the type of increased arousal associated with RIA and RIP.
“The auth ors suggest that increased cognitive load at the time might constitute the difference between there being no paradoxical effects and the type of increased arousal associated with RIA and RIP.”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 1997
Once control is sought, the individual begins to monitor for any intrusive thoughts, to suppress or remove them.
“He suggests that once control is sought, the individual begins to monitor for any intrusive thoughts, to suppress or remove them.”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 1997
Participants under high mental load and in a stressful situation displayed greater levels of physiological stress reaction when asked to relax than participants who were not asked to relax.
“Participants under high mental load and in a stressful situation displayed greater levels of physiological stress reaction when asked to relax than participants who were not asked to relax.157”
The finding of unexpected negative effects of training is consistent with some counterintuitive findings reported in the psychology literature.
“The finding of unexpected negative effects of training is consistent with some of the counterintuitive findings reported in the psychology literature.”
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MARY TURNER’S MARRIAGE LIFE IN DORIS LESSING’S THE GRASS IS SINGING
Ratna, M. V. (2015)
- Authors
- Wegner, D. M., Broome, A., & Blumberg, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wegner, Daniel M.
- ORCID
- Blumberg, Stephen J.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-21
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141882293
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 49127, R01MH049127)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- ironic effects, relaxation, stress, mental workload, skin conductance, autonomic arousal, stress inoculation training
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Problem Solving, Psychological Theory, Relaxation, Stress, Psychological, Volition
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