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Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder
Abstract
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an individual psychotherapy designed specifically for the treatment for bipolar disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle abnormalities that may be responsible, in part, for the symptomatic manifestations of the illness. In our model, life events (both negative and positive) may cause disruptions in patients' social rhythms that, in turn, perturb circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles and lead to the development of bipolar symptoms. Administered in concert with medications, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy combines the basic principles of interpersonal psychotherapy with behavioral techniques to help patients regularize their daily routines, diminish interpersonal problems, and adhere to medication regimens. It modulates both biological and psychosocial factors to mitigate patients' circadian and sleep-wake cycle vulnerabilities, improve overall functioning, and better manage the potential chaos of bipolar disorder symptomatology.
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“Treatments to amplify, phase advance or delay circadian rhythms have been developed for potential use in psychiatric disorders in adults.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [189]
In the citing paper
“circadian disruptions can precipitate mood and psychotic episodes in individuals who already have psychiatric disorders189–191”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [189]
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“…process of focused behavior change to improve mood [73, 81]; in exposure therapy, patients expose themselves to fearful stimuli in order to reduce their fear [61]; in social rhythm therapy, patients regularize their routines to reduce sleep-wake cycle dysregulation and improve functioning [63].”
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Grimmer, Y., Hohmann, S., Banaschewski, T., & Holtmann, M. H. (2010) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000025 · Cited by 18
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BackgroundDisability and Self-Management Practices of People with Bipolar Disorder: A Web-Based Survey
Depp, C. A., Stricker, J. L., Zagorsky, D., Goodale, L. C., Eyler, L. T., Patterson, T. L., Lebowitz, B. D., & Jeste, D. V. (2008) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-008-9174-3 · Cited by 18
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Ist manisches Verhalten ein autoregulatorischer Versuch zur Vigilanzstabilisierung?
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“Yet many patients with bipolar disorder have an unstable lifestyle and a chaotic daily routine (Frank et al. 2000).”
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“In addition, there is a focus on the morbidity experienced in living with bipolar illness due to the disruption to relationships, personal status and quality of life as well as subsyndromal symptomatology and impaired functioning between episodes.(125,127,129) Keller et al.”
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“IPSRT consists of a union between interpersonal therapy (IPT), which treats unipolar depression by improving interpersonal concerns [39], and cognitive-behavioral techniques to stabilize daily rhythms [24].”
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“Patients with bipolar disorder tend to more irregular social rhythms (23), which is known to predispose them to higher recurrence rate of affective episodes (24).”
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New Psychotherapies for Mood and Anxiety Disorders
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“IPSRT is intended to provide insight into the relation between mood and interpersonal events, stabilize endogenous circadian rhythms by stabilizing daily routines and sleep cycles, and address interpersonal problems related to grief, role transitions, role disputes, and interpersonal deficits.(29) In the initial phase…”
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“Further, since maladaptation may arise from an inability to regain proper synchrony, this network-level phenotype can be a target for therapy; for example, clinical data show that social rhythm stabilization can improve recovery from bipolar depression [22, 23].”
BackgroundA developmental approach to the treatment of bipolar disorder: IPSRT with an adolescent
Crowe, M., Inder, M., Joyce, P. R., Moor, S., Carter, J., & Luty, S. E. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02571.x · Cited by 13
“Frank et al. (2000) have suggested that because bipolar disorder is a particularly disorderly disorder, effective treatment requires the development and testing of a model of psychotherapy that would be used in conjunction with”
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Zaki, N. F. W., Spence, D. W., Subramanian, P., Bharti, V. K., Ramanujam, K., BaHammam, A. S., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2020) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200026 · Cited by 12
“Regulation of sleep/ wake schedule has been shown to improve the mood profile of bipolar disorder patients 108 .”
BackgroundDent, E., Davinson, N., & Wilkie, S. (2021) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12323 · Cited by 13
Deckersbach, T., Peters, A. T., Sylvia, L. G., Gold, A. K., Magalhães, P. V. D. S., Henry, D. B., Frank, E., Otto, M. W., Berk, M., Dougherty, D. D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.064 · Cited by 13
“In STEP-BD, acutely depressed individuals with bipolar disorder were randomized to one of three intensive (up to 30 sessions over 9 months) psychotherapies (CBT, IPSRT, or FFT) plus pharmacotherapy or to collaborative care (a 3-session psychoeducation intervention) plus pharmacotherapy (Miklowitz et al., 2007a).”
InfluentialSelf-citationA cold of the soul: A Japanese case of disease mongering in psychiatry
Ihara, H. (2012) · International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine · doi:10.3233/jrs-2012-0560 · Cited by 13
“In cases that are not severe enough for aggressive medication, psychiatrists should propose natural alternatives, such as an alteration of lifestyle and psychotherapy [6, 8].”
BackgroundGoodwin, F. K., & Goldstein, M. A. (2003) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200309000-00002 · Cited by 12
Diagnosis and management of patients with bipolar disorder in primary care.
Berk, M., Dodd, S., Berk, L., & Opie, J. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 12
Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Recent Research
Richardson, T. H. (2010) · Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3923/jms.2010.143.152 · Cited by 12
The Role and Impact of Psychotherapy in the Management of Bipolar Disorder
Otto, M. W., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2004) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900028868 · Cited by 12
Sher, L. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.021 · Cited by 12
“For example, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm and sleep–wake cycle abnormalities that may be responsible, in part, for the symptomatic manifestations of the…”
BackgroundBozzatello, P., & Bellino, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578910 · Cited by 7
Intervenções psicossociais no transtorno bipolar
Justo, L. P., & Calil, H. M. (2004) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832004000200005 · Cited by 11
“A Terapia Interpessoal e de Ritmos Sociais (Frank et al., 1994; 2000) é aplicada individualmente e foi desenvolvida especificamente para o tratamento do TB a partir da hipótese do envolvimento de alterações de ordem cronobiológica na gênese do transtorno.”
BackgroundLa thérapie interpersonnelle de la recherche à la pratique
Rahioui, H., Blecha, L., Bottaï, T., Depuy, C., Jacquesy, L., Kochman, F., Meynard, J. A., Papéta, D., Rammouz, I., & GHACHEM, R. (2014) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2013.07.004 · Cited by 11
Khoddam, H., & Wellisch, D. K. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-019-09656-w · Cited by 11
The Impact of Self-Management Practices on Entrepreneurial Psychological States
Goldsby, M. G., Bishop, J. W., Goldsby, E. A., Neck, C. B., & Neck, C. P. (2021) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci11010012 · Cited by 11
Litio: 55 años de historia en el tratamiento del trastorno bipolar
Mármol, F. (2006) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1157/13090712 · Cited by 11
Bifurcation analysis of parametrically excited bipolar disorder model
Nana, L. (2007) · Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation · doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2007.10.002 · Cited by 11
Inpatient treatment for mania: A review and rationale for adjunctive interventions
Crowe, M., & Porter, R. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414540754 · Cited by 11
“Frank et al. (2000) have hypothesized that disruptions in social cues that entrain circadian rhythm may serve as a link between biological and psychosocial processes.”
BackgroundArima, H., Akiyama, T., de Moura, P. A., Bernick, P. J., Sakai, Y., Ozaki, Y., Matsumoto, S., Ohki, Y., Igarashi, Y., Tachimori, H., et al. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102580 · Cited by 10
Novel insights into irritability: the relationship between subjective experience, age and mood
Bell, E., Malhi, G. S., Mannie, Z. N., Boyce, P. M., Bryant, R. A., Inder, M., & Porter, R. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.1033 · Cited by 10
Nagel, M. G., Marcus, D. K., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2796 · Cited by 11
Yoshiike, T., Dallaspezia, S., Kuriyama, K., Yamada, N., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.132 · Cited by 10
Hühne-Landgraf, A., Hoch, E., & Landgraf, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569864 · Cited by 10
“Contrarily, already in the late 90’s, an approach that considered individual circadian traits, the so-called interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), has been tested successfully in bipolar patients (60, 74), but, to our knowledge, never for AUD patients.”
BackgroundSleep Interventions in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Gıca, Ş., & Selvı, Y. (2021) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.29399/npa.27467 · Cited by 10
“However, people with BD tend to have irregular 24-hour routines (sleep/ wake cycles, social rhythm, biological rhythm) (56, 57).”
BackgroundEdenfield, T. M. (2007) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) · Cited by 10
Sexually Dimorphic, Developmental, and Chronobiological Behavioral Profiles of a Mouse Mania Model
Saul, M. C., Stevenson, S. A., & Gammie, S. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072125 · Cited by 10
“Social rhythm therapy, a new, successful, and non-pharmacological treatment for BPDs, is primarily a chronobiological intervention, implying a strong diurnal constituent to these disorders [56–58].”
Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression
Markowitz, J. C. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470696385.ch9 · Cited by 10
Miller, M. D., Richards, V., Zuckoff, A., Martire, L. M., Morse, J., Frank, E., & Reynolds, C. F. (2007) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v30n02_07 · Cited by 9
Self-citationTHE ECOLOGY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER: THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP
Umlauf, M. G., & Shattell, M. M. (2005) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840591008267 · Cited by 9
Kupfer, D. J., Axelson, D., Birmaher, B. B., Brown, C., Curet, D. E., Fagiolini, A. M., Frank, E., Friedman, E. S., Grochocinski, V. J., Houck, P. R., et al. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.7.888 · Cited by 9
“This system of education and clinical management is consistent with best practices and associated with excellent treatment adherence and markedly improved clinical outcomes (21).”
ResultSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Frank, E., Swartz, H. A., & Kupfer, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frank, Ellen
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 593-604
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2163455012
- Cited by
- 521
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH60473, MH 29618, R25MH060473, MH30915)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, bipolar disorder, circadian rhythm, sleep-wake cycle, social rhythms, chronobiology, interpersonal psychotherapy, life events, medication adherence, psychosocial interventions
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Behavior Therapy, Bipolar Disorder, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Models, Psychological, Psychotherapy, Tranquilizing Agents, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
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