Cited by 521Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologySchizophrenia research and treatment

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Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder

Frank, Ellen, Swartz, Holly A, Kupfer, David J·2000·Biological Psychiatry

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Abstract

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an individual psychotherapy designed specifically for the treatment for bipolar disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle abnormalities that may be responsible, in part, for the symptomatic manifestations of the illness. In our model, life events (both negative and positive) may cause disruptions in patients' social rhythms that, in turn, perturb circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles and lead to the development of bipolar symptoms. Administered in concert with medications, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy combines the basic principles of interpersonal psychotherapy with behavioral techniques to help patients regularize their daily routines, diminish interpersonal problems, and adhere to medication regimens. It modulates both biological and psychosocial factors to mitigate patients' circadian and sleep-wake cycle vulnerabilities, improve overall functioning, and better manage the potential chaos of bipolar disorder symptomatology.

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Method
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Self-citation
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Social neuroscience of child and adolescent depression
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“First, the interpersonal and social rhythms therapy (IPSRT; Frank et al., 2000) posits that a key driver of psychopathology in BD is the combined dysfunction in circadian social rhythms and interpersonal difficulties.”
Background
Trajectories of adherence to mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder
Bauer, M., Glenn, T., Alda, M., Bauer, R., Grof, P., Marsh, W., Monteith, S., MUNOZ, R. A., Rasgon, N., Sagduyu, K., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-019-0154-z · Cited by 34
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder
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“Since a social rhythm therapy has been developed on the basis of this theory for treating patients with bipolar disorder (Frank et al. 1997, 2000), it may be speculated that correcting this instability by social rhythm therapy could help to normalize hyperthymic temperament and prevent the…”
Background
Bipolar disorder: Improving diagnosis and optimizing integrated care
Culver, J. L., Arnow, B. A., & Ketter, T. A. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20333 · Cited by 30
Biological rhythms are independently associated with quality of life in bipolar disorder
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“Social zeitgebers that contribute to maintaining regular biological rhythms include personal relationships, and social demands and tasks (Frank et al. 2000), which are all directly associated with social relationship satisfaction.”
Background
Non-pharmacological treatments in the management of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Papadimitriou, G. N., Dikeos, D. G., Soldatos, C. R., & Calabrese, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.036 · Cited by 30
“Psychoeducation helps patients to understand bipolar disorder and the need for medication, thereby decreasing denial and improving adherence to pharmacotherapeutic regimens (Frank et al., 2000).”
Background
Lifestyle regularity and cyclothymic symptomatology
Shen, G. H. C., Sylvia, L. G., Alloy, L. B., Barrett, F. S., Kohner, M., Iacoviello, B. M., & Mills, A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20440 · Cited by 28
“IPSRT has been shown to increase the stability of daily routines in patients with bipolar disorder over time as well as the duration of time that these individuals are episode-free in comparison with individuals in a control group (Frank et al., 1997, 2000, 2005).”
Background

Authors: Frank, E., Swartz, H. A., & Kupfer, D. J.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Frank, Ellen
ORCID: Frank, Ellen
Swartz, Holly A
Kupfer, David J
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 48
Issue: 6
Pages: 593-604
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00969-0
OpenAlex: W2163455012
Cited by: 521
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH60473, MH 29618, R25MH060473, MH30915)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, bipolar disorder, circadian rhythm, sleep-wake cycle, social rhythms, chronobiology, interpersonal psychotherapy, life events, medication adherence, psychosocial interventions
MeSH terms: Affect, Behavior Therapy, Bipolar Disorder, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Models, Psychological, Psychotherapy, Tranquilizing Agents, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

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Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder

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