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Efferent projections of infralimbic and prelimbic areas of the medial prefrontal cortex in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata
Abstract
The infralimbic area (IL) and prelimbic area (PL) have been postulated as an autonomic motor region in the medial prefrontal cortex. The present study was conducted to reveal the projection sites of IL and PL of the monkey, Macaca fuscata, using biotinylated dextran amine as an anterograde tracer. IL and PL projected densely to the ventromedial caudate nucleus, the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens (Acb), parvicellular lateral basal and magnocellular accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala, lateral preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, tubero-mammillary nucleus (TM), medial part of the magnocellular and dorsal part of the parvicellular (MDpc) dorsomedial thalamic nuclei, reunience and medial part of the medial pulvinar nucleus, and dorso-lateral part of the periaqueductal gray (PAGdl) in the mesencephalon. Moderately to weakly projected areas were the intermediate and lateral parts of the agranular insular cortex, orbital part of area 12, agranular and dysgranular part of the temporal pole cortex (TPa-g), auditory temporal cortex, lateral and medial (MS) septal nuclei, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, diagonal band of Broca, substantia innominata, and medial preoptic area, dorsomedial, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, magnocellular lateral basal and lateral amygdaloid nuclei, paratenial, paraventricular (PV), inter-antero-medial (IAM), reticular, central medial (CeM), parafascicular (PF) and limitans nuclei of the thalamus, lateral habenular nucleus, pedunculo-pontine nucleus, dorsal part of the lateral lemniscal nucleus, ventral tegmental area (VTA), dorsal raphe, superior central nucleus, medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei (PBl) and nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). A few scattered terminals were observed in the perifornical nucleus of the hypothalamus and substantia nigra pars compacta. PL and area 24 were characterized by projections to the entorhinal (Ent) and piriform (Pir) cortex as well as to the magnocellular part of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VAmc). The morphology of the terminal arborization in each nuclei was different in appearance, perhaps reflecting the synaptic interaction between the nerve terminals and postsynaptic dendrites. PL projected uniquely to Ent, Pir and VAmc and IL projected uniquely to TPa-g, MS, IAM, CeM, MDpc, PF, PBl and LC. IL projected more strongly than PL to the shell of Acb, amygdaloid nuclei, PV, TM, VTA and PAGdl. The present results support the hypothesis that IL is a major cortical autonomic motor area and PL integrates limbic and autonomic inputs in the primate.
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“which project to or are adjacent to VTA and SN3,22,29–33,54,55 (with multisynaptic routes via habenula56,57)”
From Interpretable abstractions of artificial neural networks predict behavior and neural activity during human information gathering (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Efferent projections from rat IL are similar to those of monkey 25, whereas the efferent projections from rat PrL are similar to those of monkey 32 (33–39).”
From Functional anatomy of ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for mood and anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“there remain significant restrictions on the extent to which one can draw inferences from what is known about the neural mechanisms by which rat IL comes to extinguish conditioned fear to claims about the neural mechanisms by which primate vmPFC comes to extinguish conditioned fear; especially since a number of anatomical studies make clear that areas such as 10m and 10r share little connectional”
From Functional anatomy of ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for mood and anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“IL/25 projects directly to a number of autonomic regions which have been found to enhance sympathetic activity, including the perifornical area, dorsomedial hypothalamus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, lateral parabrachial nucleus, cuneiform nucleus, and lateral septum, among other regions (4, 33, 35–37, 39, 47, 82, 97, 98).”
From Functional anatomy of ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for mood and anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Rat IL and monkey area 25—the only regions in rat/monkey mPFC that appear to send significant projections to the inhibitory ITC cells in the amygdala—also send direct projections to amygdalar regions that are thought to enhance amygdalar output: e.g., the basolateral nucleus and medial nucleus (in rats and monkeys) and medial CeA (in rats) (35, 36, 39).”
From Functional anatomy of ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for mood and anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The strength of connections from different cingulate subregions is rarely systematically compared in macaque, but it has been claimed that, as we have found for the human brain, amygdala projections are stronger from the subgenual than the pregenual cingulate region in the monkey brain (Chiba et al. 2001).”
From Anatomical connectivity of the subgenual cingulate region targeted with deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression (2008) · cites this paper as Chiba et al. 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chiba, T., Kayahara, T., & Nakano, K.
- Affiliations
- Chiba University (JP)
- Mie University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Chiba, Tanemichi
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 888
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-101
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994008515
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- medial prefrontal cortex, efferent projections, Japanese macaque, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, periaqueductal gray, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, entorhinal cortex, piriform cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biotin, Dextrans, Efferent Pathways, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Limbic System, Macaca, Male, Medulla Oblongata, Mesencephalon, Spinal Cord, Prefrontal Cortex
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