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Long live Proust: the odour-cued autobiographical memory bump
Abstract
The autobiographical memory bump is an increase in the frequency of reported autobiographical memories (AMs) from a particular age range, and has been reported by numerous investigators (for reviews, see Conway, M. A. & Rubin, D. C. (1993). The structure of autobiographical memory. In A. F. Collins, S. E. Gathercole, M. A. Conway & P. E. Morris, Theories of memory. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum; Rubin, D. C., Rahhal, T. A. & Poon, L. W. (1998). Things learned in early adulthood are remembered best. Memory and Cognition, 26, 3-19) to occur in the second and third decades of life. Invariably, word labels have been used as AM cues but, given that a popular interpretation of the anecdotal 'Proust phenomenon' is that odours evoke AMs which are especially aged, we wondered if a different pattern in the AM bump might emerge if AMs were cued by odours rather than labels. Here we report an attempt to substantiate this aspect of the 'Proust phenomenon' by comparing the distributions of memories across the lifespan when cued by odour and label. Data showed that, in line with previous studies, the bump for label cues was found to peak between ages 11 and 25 years and was confirmed to be quadratic in form. In contrast, the odour-cued memory distribution peaked at 6-10 years and decreased linearly thereafter. In the earliest age interval, 6-10 years, the proportion of AMs retrieved in response to odour cues was significantly greater than that for the label cues. These results provide empirical su…
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“First, it tends to originate from an early period of life, typically within the first decade, whereas memories evoked by other sensory modalities, such as visual or auditory cues, are mainly located in the second and third decades of life [1–5].”
From Positive early-life olfactory memory is rooted in the olfactory bulb and triggers large-scale changes beyond the olfactory system (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chu, S., & Downes, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Downes, John Joseph
- ORCID
- Chu, Simon
- Venue
- Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- B41-B50
- ISSN
- 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112209384
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- autobiographical memory, olfactory cues, memory retrieval
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Autobiographies as Topic, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Odorants
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