Olfaction and emotion: the case of autobiographical memory
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated (1) the influence of verbal and conceptual processing on the retrieval and phenomenological evaluation of olfactory evoked memories, and (2) whether the experienced qualities of retrieved information are affected by olfactory exposure per se. Seventy-two older adults were randomized into one of three cue conditions (odor only, name only, or odor name) and asked to relate any autobiographical event for the given cue. The results indicated that semantic knowledge of an odor's name significantly affects the age distribution of memories such that the memory peak in childhood observed for odors only was attenuated. Also, experiential factors such as pleasantness and feelings of being brought back in time were lower when odors were presented with their respective names. Olfactory evoked memories were associated with a higher emotional arousal that could not be accounted for by the perceptual stimulation alone. Taken together, the overall pattern of findings suggests that retrieval of olfactory evoked information is sensitive to semantic and conceptual processing, and that odor-evoked representations are more emotional than memories triggered by verbal information.
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Human research has identified that odor-evoked autobiographical memory tends to originate from an early period of life, typically within the first decade, whereas memories evoked by other sensory modalities are mainly located in the second and third decades of life.
“First, it tends to originate from an early period of life, typically within the first decade, whereas memories evoked by other sensory modalities, such as visual or auditory cues, are mainly located in the second and third decades of life [1–5].”
From Positive early-life olfactory memory is rooted in the olfactory bulb and triggers large-scale changes beyond the olfactory system (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChildhood olfactory memory is generally associated with a more positive emotional valence compared to memories triggered by other senses.
“Second, childhood olfactory memory is generally associated with a more positive emotional valence compared to those triggered by other senses [3,5–8].”
From Positive early-life olfactory memory is rooted in the olfactory bulb and triggers large-scale changes beyond the olfactory system (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
The Experiential Ratings section reports that odor-only memories were rated more pleasant than memories cued by names, and the Discussion reports a childhood peak for odor-cued memories. The paper does not show that the greater pleasantness applies specifically to childhood memories, nor does its own pleasantness comparison include memories triggered by other senses such as vision. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Willander, J., & Larsson, M.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Willander, Johan
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1659-1663
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2109019606
- Semantic Scholar
- 17359722eec01a00446f656876f9048ae60f26a8
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Stockholms Universitet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- olfactory memory, autobiographical memory, emotions, semantic processing, conceptual processing, odor naming, memory retrieval, emotional arousal, older adults, pleasantness
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Autobiographies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Semantics, Smell, Vocabulary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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