The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health
Open accessAbstract
This article discusses the special features of odor-evoked memory and the current state-of-the-art in odor-evoked memory research to show how these unique experiences may be able to influence and benefit psychological and physiological health. A review of the literature leads to the conclusion that odors that evoke positive autobiographical memories have the potential to increase positive emotions, decrease negative mood states, disrupt cravings, and reduce physiological indices of stress, including systemic markers of inflammation. Olfactory perception factors and individual difference characteristics that would need to be considered in therapeutic applications of odor-evoked-memory are also discussed. This article illustrates how through the experimentally validated mechanisms of odor-associative learning and the privileged neuroanatomical relationship that exists between olfaction and the neural substrates of emotion, odors can be harnessed to induce emotional and physiological responses that can improve human health and wellbeing.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Olfactory cues make memories more emotional and evocative compared to other sensory stimuli.
“olfactory cues makes memories more emotional and evocative if compared to other sensory stimuli”
From The scent of emotions: A systematic review of human intra‐ and interspecific chemical communication of emotions (2020) · cites this paper as Herz, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Psychological Stress and Disease
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685 · Cited by 3,168 · see citing works
Hammen, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938 · Cited by 2,979 · see citing works
Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being
Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431 · Cited by 2,655 · see citing works
Does positive affect influence health?
Pressman, S. D., & Cohen, S. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.925 · Cited by 2,087 · see citing works
Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation–a possible prelude to violence
Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5479.591 · Cited by 1,894 · see citing works
Dalgleish, T. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1432 · Cited by 1,849 · see citing works
The amygdala and emotional memory
Cahill, L. F., Babinsky, R., Markowitsch, H. J., & McGaugh, J. L. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377295a0 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Genetic variation in a human odorant receptor alters odour perception
Keller, A., Zhuang, H., Chi, Q., Vosshall, L. B., & Matsunami, H. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06162 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Inflammatory Mechanisms: The Molecular Basis of Inflammation and Disease
Libby, P. (2008) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00352.x · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Inflammatory mechanisms: the molecular basis of inflammation and disease
Libby, P. (2007) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2007.dec.s140-s146 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Music-evoked nostalgia: Affect, memory, and personality
Barrett, F. S., Grimm, K. J., Robins, R. W., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Janata, P. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0019006 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Turner, B. H., Mishkin, M., & Knapp, M. E. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901910402 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Odor memory: Review and analysis
Herz, R. S., & Engen, T. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210754 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception
Doty, R. L., & Cameron, E. L. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.032 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office
Lehrner, J. P., Marwinski, G., Lehr, S., Jöhren, P., & Deecke, L. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.031 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
The hippocampus and declarative memory: cognitive mechanisms and neural codes
Eichenbaum, H. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00365-5 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Royet, J., Zald, D. H., Versace, R., Costes, N., Lavenne, F., Koenig, O., & Gervais, R. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07752.2000 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Olfaction in Parkinson's disease and related disorders
Doty, R. L. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.10.026 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Herz, R. S. (2009) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207450802333953 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential remoteness and emotional tone modulate the neural correlates of autobiographical memory
Piefke, M. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg064 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Social Neuroscience
Decety, J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342161.001.0001 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts 5-Year Mortality in Older Adults
Pinto, J. M., Wroblewski, K., Kern, D. W., Schumm, L. P., & McClintock, M. K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107541 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients
Lehrner, J. P., Eckersberger, C., Walla, P., Pötsch, G., & Deecke, L. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00308-5 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Smell your way back to childhood: Autobiographical odor memory
Willander, J., & Larsson, M. U. (2006) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03193837 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Differences in Perception of Everyday Odors: a Japanese-German Cross-cultural Study
Ayabe‐Kanamura, S., Schicker, I., Laska, M., Hudson, R., Distel, H., Kobayakawa, T., & Saito, S. (1998) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/23.1.31 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Herz, R. S. (2004) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh025 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of the Amygdala: Key to Pathological States?
Quirk, G. J., & Gehlert, D. R. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07087.x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Maes, M. H. J., Kubera, M., Obuchowiczwa, E., Goehler, L. E., & Brzeszcz, J. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Associations to odors: Interference, mnemonics, and verbal labeling.
Lawless, H. T., & Engen, T. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.3.1.52 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Engen, T. (1982) · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Herz, R. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2002) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423672 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationMood Regulation and Memory: Repairing Sad Moods with Happy Memories
Josephson, B. R. (1996) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999396380222 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Neuroimaging evidence for the emotional potency of odor-evoked memory
Herz, R. S., Eliassen, J., Beland, S., & Souza, T. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.009 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationBell, I. R., Miller, C. S., & SCHWARTZ, G. E. R. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90105-9 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The Emotional Distinctiveness of Odor-evoked Memories
Herz, R. S., & Cupchik, G. C. (1995) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/20.5.517 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferent noses for different people
Menashe, I., Man, O., Lancet, D., & Gilad, Y. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1160 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Attention to Odor Modulates Thalamocortical Connectivity in the Human Brain
Plailly, J., Howard, J. D., Gitelman, D. R., & Gottfried, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5607-07.2008 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Olfaction and emotion: the case of autobiographical memory
Willander, J., & Larsson, M. (2007) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193499 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
BREMNER, J. D., & NARAYAN, M. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579498001916 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Reid, C. A., Green, J. D., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2013.876048 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Are Odors the Best Cues to Memory? A Cross‐Modal Comparison of Associative Memory Stimulia
Herz, R. S. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10643.x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationLong live Proust: the odour-cued autobiographical memory bump
Chu, S., & Downes, J. J. (2000) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00065-2 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The nature and duration of adaptation following long-term odor exposure
Dalton, P., & Wysocki, C. J. (1996) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03213109 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Aromatherapy for health care: An overview of systematic reviews
Lee, M. S., Choi, J., Posadzki, P., & Ernst, E. K. (2012) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.018 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The functional neuroanatomy of odor evoked autobiographical memories cued by odors and words
Arshamian, A., Iannilli, E., Gerber, J. C., Willander, J., Persson, J., Seo, H.-S., Hummel, T., & Larsson, M. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.023 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Olfactory Cuing of Autobiographical Memory
Rubin, D. C., Groth, E. C., & Goldsmith, D. J. (1984) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422158 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Learning about the Functions of the Olfactory System from People without a Sense of Smell
Croy, I., Negoias, S., Nováková, L., Landis, B., & Hummel, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033365 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
An experimental characterization of odor-evoked memories in humans
Herz, R. S., & Cupchik, G. C. (1992) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/17.5.519 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationOlfaction as a Traumatic Reminder in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., & Bremner, J. D. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0214 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Sense of smell disorder and health-related quality of life.
Smeets, M., Veldhuizen, M., Galle, S., Gouweloos, J., de Haan, A.-M. J. A., Vernooij, J., Visscher, F., & Kroeze, J. H. A. (2009) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017502 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Unconscious odour conditioning in human subjects
Kirk‐Smith, M. D., Toller, C. V., & Dodd, G. H. (1983) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(83)90020-0 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Slow-waves in the olfactory system: an olfactory perspective on cortical rhythms
Fontanini, A., & Bower, J. M. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.013 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Olfactory LOVER: behavioral and neural correlates of autobiographical odor memory
Larsson, M. U., Willander, J., Karlsson, K., & Arshamian, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00312 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Effect of Emotion and Personality on Olfactory Perception
Chen, D., & Dalton, P. (2005) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bji029 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Impact of a non-attentively perceived odour on subsequent food choices
Gaillet, M., Sulmont‐Rossé, C., Issanchou, S., Chabanet, C., & Chambaron, S. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.009 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Sleep Apnea and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Lee, Y., Hung, S., Wang, H., Lin, C.-W., Wang, H.-H., Chen, S.-W., Chang, M.-Y., Ho, L., Chen, Y., Liou, H., et al. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4400 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Reduction of Mental Stress with Lavender Odorant
Motomura, N., Sakurai, A., & Yotsuya, Y. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.93.3.713 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Transient responses of inflammatory cytokines in acute stress.
Yamakawa, K., Matsunaga, M., Isowa, T., Kimura, K., Kasugai, K., Yoneda, M., Kaneko, H., & Ohira, H. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.05.001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The functional role of the medio dorsal thalamic nucleus in olfaction
Tham, W. W. P., Stevenson, R. J., & Miller, L. A. (2009) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cognitive influences on health symptoms from acute chemical exposure.
Dalton, P. H. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.18.6.579 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Devriese, S., Winters, W., Stegen, K., Diest, I. V., Veulemans, H., Nemery, B., Eelen, P., de Woestijne, K. V., & den Bergh, O. V. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200011000-00003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
McRae, J. F., Jaeger, S. R., Bava, C. M., Beresford, M. K., Hunter, D. C., Jia, Y., Chheang, S. L., Jin, D., Peng, M., Gamble, J., et al. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.031 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Proust revisited: Odours as triggers of aversive memories
Toffolo, M. B. J., Smeets, M. A. M., & van den Hout, M. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.555475 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
ROLE OF SUGGESTION IN ODOR-INDUCED MOOD CHANGE
Campenni, C. E., Crawley, E. J., & Meier, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1127-1136 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Miles, A. N., & Berntsen, D. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2011.613847 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Privileged Brain Representation of First Olfactory Associations
Yeshurun, Y., Lapid, H., Dudai, Y., & Sobel, N. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.066 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neural correlates of olfactory change detection
Sabri, M., Radnovich, A. J., Li, T., & Kareken, D. A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.033 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Personality and Olfactory Sensitivity
Pause, B. M., Ferstl, R., & Fehm‐Wolfsdorf, G. (1998) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2228 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Smell identification function and Alzheimerʼs disease
Velayudhan, L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000146 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Subjective Olfactory Desensitization and Recovery in Humans
Stuck, B. A., Fadel, V., Hummel, T. R., & Sommer, J. U. (2013) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt064 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of olfactory stimuli on urge reduction in smokers.
Sayette, M. A., & Parrott, D. J. (1999) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.7.2.151 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Slow Breathing and Emotions Associated with Odor-Induced Autobiographical Memories
Masaoka, Y., Sugiyama, H., Katayama, A., Kashiwagi, M., & Homma, I. (2012) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjr120 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Brain-immune interaction accompanying odor-evoked autobiographic memory
Matsunaga, M., Bai, Y., Yamakawa, K., Toyama, A., Kashiwagi, M., Fukuda, K., Oshida, A., Sanada, K., Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072523 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pre-exposure to diet-congruent food reduces energy intake in restrained dieting women
Buckland, N. J., Finlayson, G., & Hetherington, M. M. (2013) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.03.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
What Can You Do With Your Nose
Laird, D. A. (1935) · SciMo · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Imaging brain and immune association accompanying cognitive appraisal of an acute stressor
Ohira, H., Isowa, T., Nomura, M., Ichikawa, N., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Iidaka, T., Fukuyama, S., Nakajima, T., & Yamada, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Jellinek, J. S. (2004) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh043 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Panagioti, M., Gooding, P. A., & Tarrier, N. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.06.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Olfactory Comfort: Smelling a Partner's Clothing During Periods of Separation1
McBurney, D. H., Shoup-Knox, M. L., & Streeter, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00105.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of olfactory stimuli on urge reduction in smokers.
Sayette, M. A., & Parrott, D. J. (1999) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.7.2.151 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Regulation of natural killer cell redistribution by prefrontal cortex during stochastic learning
Ohira, H., Fukuyama, S., Kimura, K., Nomura, M., Isowa, T., Ichikawa, N., Matsunaga, M., Shinoda, J., & Yamada, J. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.088 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memories: Age and Gender Differences Along the Life Span
Zucco, G. M., Aiello, L., Turuani, L., & Köster, E. P. (2011) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjr089 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory.
Matsunaga, M., Isowa, T., Yamakawa, K., Kawanishi, Y., Tsuboi, H., Kaneko, H., Sadato, N., Oshida, A., Katayama, A., Kashiwagi, M., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Olfactory Comfort and Attachment Within Relationships
Shoup-Knox, M. L., Streeter, S. A., & McBurney, D. H. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00420.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Olfactory stimulation curbs food cravings
Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Matsunaga, M., Isowa, T., Yamakawa, K., Tsuboi, H., Kawanishi, Y., Kaneko, H., Kasugai, K., Yoneda, M., & Ohira, H. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
(2012) · Advances in consciousness research · doi:10.1075/aicr.85 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Czerniawska, E., Zegardło, E., & Wojciechowski, J. (2013) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/24.27.pms.117x15z5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Toller, S., & Dodd, G. H. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2558-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [21]Aggleton J.P. Mishkin M. The amygdala: Sensory gateway to the emotions Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience, Volume 3: Biological Foundations of Emotion Plutchik R. Ellerman H. Academic Press Orlando, FL, USA 1986 281 299
- [55]Herz R. Food Sense: A Sensory and Psychological Guide to Eating W.W. Norton and Co. New York, NY, USA 2017 in press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Odor emissions: A public health concern for health risk perception
Piccardo, M. T., Geretto, M., Pulliero, A., & Izzotti, A. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112121 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Using Ambient Scent to Enhance Well-Being in the Multisensory Built Environment
Spence, C. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598859 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Immersive Interactive Technologies for Positive Change: A Scoping Review and Design Considerations
Kitson, A., Prpa, M., & Riecke, B. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01354 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Promoting relaxation using virtual reality, olfactory interfaces and wearable EEG
Amores, J., Richer, R., Zhao, N., Maes, P., & Eskofier, B. M. (2018) · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn.2018.8329668 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cho, J. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10040470 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mother-newborn separation at birth in hospitals: A possible risk for neurodevelopmental disorders?
Császár-Nagy, N., & Bókkon, I. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Powerful Placebo Effect in Cough: Relevance to Treatment and Clinical Trials
Eccles, R. (2019) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-019-00305-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Calvi, E., Quassolo, U., Massaia, M., Scandurra, A., D'Aniello, B., & D'Amelio, P. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1585 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“A number of behavioral studies demonstrated that olfactory cues makes memories more emotional and evocative if compared to other sensory stimuli (Herz, 2016; Herz, Eliassen, Beland, & Souza, 2004).”
BackgroundNature, smells, and human wellbeing
Bentley, P. R., Fisher, J. C., Dallimer, M., Fish, R. D., Austen, G. E., Irvine, K. N., & Davies, Z. G. (2022) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-022-01760-w · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Hedigan, F., Sheridan, H., & Sasse, A. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101750 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
de Bruijn, M. J., & Bender, M. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1381744 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Scent marketing: linking the scent congruence with brand image
Errajaa, K., Legohérel, P., Daucé, B., & Bilgihan, A. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-06-2020-0637 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Epistemic Role of Core Cognition
Jenkin, Z. (2020) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.1215/00318108-8012850 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic skull base surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Yin, L. X., Low, C. M., Puccinelli, C. L., O’Brien, E. K., Stokken, J. K., Abel, K. M. V., Janus, J. R., Link, M. J., Gompel, J. J. V., & Choby, G. W. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hyperoside protects against chronic mild stress-induced learning and memory deficits
Gong, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, X., Yang, M., Huang, D., Yang, R. Z., Zhou, L., Li, C., Xiong, Q., & Xiong, Z. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.019 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Martiros, N., Kapoor, V., Kim, S. E., & Murthy, V. N. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75463 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Consumer reactions to olfactory congruence with brand image
Errajaa, K., Daucé, B., & Legohérel, P. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101898 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The compassionate kitbag: a creative and integrative approach to compassion-focused therapy
Lucre, K., & Clapton, N. (2021) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12291 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Herz, R. S., Larsson, M. U., Trujillo, R., Casola, M. C., Ahmed, F. K., Lipe, S., & Brashear, M. E. (2022) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-022-00378-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationThe olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism
Stark, R. (2024) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13382 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Glachet, O., & Haj, M. E. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9060135 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Silva, J., de Sá, E. S., Escadas, M., & Carvalho, J. (2021) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.03.022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Herz, R. S. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081070 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationDalton, P., Claeson, A., & Horenziak, S. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11020126 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sharan, S., Zanghelini, G., Pernin, A., Descharles, N., Zotzel, J., Bonerz, D., Aschoff, J. K., Maillard, M., & Saint‐Eve, A. (2022) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111582 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Baccarani, A., Donnadieu, S., Sonia Pellissier, A., & Brochard, R. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14251 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The impact of digital scents on behavioral health in a restorative virtual reality environment
Abbott, R. F., & Diaz‐Artiles, A. (2022) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.05.025 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Luisier, A.-C., Petitpierre, G., Bérod, A. C., García‐Burgos, D., & Bensafi, M. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318815252 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Olfactory stimulation for people with dementia: A rapid review
D’Andrea, F., Tischler, V., Dening, T., & Churchill, A. (2022) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012221082377 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rantanen, L. M., Bitar, M., Lampinen, R., Stewart, R., Quek, H., Oikari, L. E., Cuní‐López, C., Sutharsan, R., Thillaiyampalam, G., Iqbal, J., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11203258 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Investigating the relationship between olfactory acuity, disgust, and mating strategies
Prokosch, M. L., Airington, Z., & Murray, D. R. (2020) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.08.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reciprocal relationships between sleep and smell
Gaeta, G., & Wilson, D. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.1076354 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Visceral geographic insight through a ‘source to senses’ approach to food flavour
Watson, D. B., & Cooper, C. M. (2019) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132519890913 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hickman, C. (2021) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2020-012126 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dietsch, A. M., Pelletier, C. A., & Solomon, N. P. (2018) · Dysphagia · doi:10.1007/s00455-018-9905-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
No Longer Home: The Smellscape of Mexico City, 1500–1600
Mundy, B. E. (2020) · Ethnohistory · doi:10.1215/00141801-8702360 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Olfaction and neurocognition after COVID-19: a scoping review
Vilarello, B. J., Jacobson, P. T., Tervo, J. P., Waring, N. A., Gudis, D. A., Goldberg, T. E., Devanand, D. P., & Overdevest, J. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1198267 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tamura, K., Hamakawa, M., & Okamoto, T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203876 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lindborg, P., & Liew, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718172 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, D., Ziano, I., Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211015896 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Naffaa, M. M. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00312 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Courrèges, S., Aboulaasri, R., Bhatara, A. K., & Bardel, M.-H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703531 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The PROUST hypothesis: the embodiment of olfactory cognition
Jacobs, L. F. (2022) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-022-01734-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Reven, M. E., Bowles, E. J., Audia, D., Cohen, M., Joswiak, D., Lee, B. A. K., May-Fitzgerald, A. C., Peppers-Citizen, M., Resnick, J., Tomaino, J. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Johnson, M. B., Kingston, R., Utell, M. J., Wells, J. R., Singal, M., Troy, W. R., Horenziak, S., Dalton, P., Ahmed, F. K., Herz, R. S., et al. (2019) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1597221 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPleasant olfactory cues can reduce cigarette craving.
Sayette, M. A., Marchetti, M. A., Herz, R. S., Martin, L. M., & Bowdring, M. A. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000431 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical Senses in Feeding, Belonging, and Surviving
Breslin, P. A. S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108644372 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brain imaging studies of multisensory integration in emotion perception: A scoping review
Choo, C. M., Bai, S., Privitera, A. J., & Chen, S. A. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106118 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognitive Approaches to Ancient Religious Experience
Bowden, H. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009019927 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The effects of indoor intermittent sweet orange smell on human relaxation
Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Weschler, L. B., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112755 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Berčík, J., Mravcová, A., Sendra, E., López‐Lluch, D., & Farkaš, A. (2024) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-03-2023-0050 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neuropeptide S Displays as a Key Neuromodulator in Olfactory Spatial Memory
Wang, C., Xin, L., Cai, C.-C., Cong, C.-Y., Xie, J.-F., Kong, X., Dong, C.-Y., Li, J., Cui, G.-F., Chen, H., et al. (2020) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjaa003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Glachet, O., & Haj, M. E. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2021.1882392 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of odors on sleep quality in 139 healthy participants
Sabiniewicz, A., Zimmermann, P., Öztürk, G. A., Warr, J., & Hummel, T. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21371-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Short-term Memory Related to Music Genres
Antonis, T., Karakasi, M., Kevrekidis, D. P., Pavlidis, P., Sofologi, M., Trypsianis, G. A., & Nimatoudis, J. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.035 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Karacsony, S., & Abela, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15665 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of Scents on Gazing Behavior and Choice
Szakál, D., Fehér, O., Radványi, D., & Gere, A. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12146899 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Masaoka, Y., Velakoulis, D., Brewer, W. J., Cropley, V., Bartholomeusz, C. F., Yung, A. R., Nelson, B., Dwyer, D., Wannan, C., Izumizaki, M., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112909 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Arroyo-Anlló, E. M., Sánchez, J. C., & Gil, R. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200408 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Suslow, T., & Kersting, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707599 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Langley-Brady, D. L., Campbell, R. T., Maihle, N. J., Barnes, V. A., Bratton, A. R., & Zadinsky, J. K. (2023) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2022.12.008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Olfactory Dysfunction following COVID-19 and the Potential Benefits of Olfactory Training
Alarfaj, A. A., Aldrweesh, A. K., Aldoughan, A. F., Alarfaj, S. M., Alabdulqader, F. K., & Alyahya, K. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12144761 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Country-Specific Environmental Risks of Fragrance Encapsulates Used in Laundry Care Products
Cai, Y., Lin, J., Gimeno, S., Begnaud, F., & Nowack, B. (2021) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5168 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Handbook of Wellness Medicine
Snellings, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108650182 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cansız, B., İlhan, H. O., Aydın, N., & Serbes, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1638922 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ghibaudo, V., Turrel, M., Granget, J., Souilhol, M., Garcia, S., Plailly, J., & Buonviso, N. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20422-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lucre, K., & Taylor, J. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49068-3_6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Makhlouf, M., de Souza, D. G., Kurian, S. M., Bellaver, B., Ellis, H., Kuboki, A., Al-Naama, A., Hasnah, R., Venturin, G. T., da Costa, J. C., et al. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101837 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Harvesting Context and Mining Emotions Related to Olfactory Cultural Heritage
Massri, M. B., Novalija, I., Mladenić, D., Brank, J., da Silva, S. G., Marrouch, N., Murteira, C., Hürriyetoğlu, A., & Šircelj, B. (2022) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti6070057 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Infortuna, C., Gualano, F., Freedberg, D., Patel, S. P., Sheikh, A. M., Muscatello, M. R. A., Bruno, A., Mento, C., Chusid, E., Han, Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.943469 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Does Maternal Diet Influence Future Infant Taste and Odor Preferences? A Critical Analysis
Forestell, C. A. (2024) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-121222-101404 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zeng, J., Rebelo, F., He, R., Noriega, P., Vilar, E., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01141-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Taufer, F., Pálsdóttir, A. M., & Hedblom, M. (2025) · npj Urban Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s42949-025-00274-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Freund, I. M., Peters, J., Kindt, M., & Visser, R. M. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105971 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Olfactory Attunements and Technologies: Exposing the Affective Economy of Scent
Kitson, J., & McHugh, K. E. (2019) · GeoHumanities · doi:10.1080/2373566x.2019.1644961 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bacco, F., & Dalpiaz, E. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x20220000080008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Odor-evoked memories: The importance of choosing the right odor
Lopis, D., Valentin, D., & Manetta, C. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103932 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Memory effects of visual and olfactory landmark information in human wayfinding
Schwarz, M., & Hamburger, K. (2023) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-023-01169-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Olfactory imagery as a retrieval method for autobiographical memories
Schlintl, C., Zorjan, S., & Schienle, A. (2022) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-022-01701-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Muilu–Mäkelä, R., Kilpeläinen, P. O., Kitunen, V., Harju, A. M., Venäläinen, M., & Sarjala, T. (2021) · Holzforschung · doi:10.1515/hf-2020-0262 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Incorporating smell into children's museums: Insights from a case study in Norway
Kucirkova, N. I., & Gausel, E. S. (2023) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12573 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cai, J., Wang, X., Zhou, J., di, Y., Shen, Z., An, S., Long, B., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121569 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nguyen, D. T. A., & Hsu, L. (2024) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-08-2023-0753 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Odor, air quality, and well-being: understanding the urban smellscape using crowd-sourced science
Bhandari, S., Monticelli, D. D. F., Xie, K., Ramkairsingh, A., Maher, R., Eykelbosh, A., Henderson, S. B., Zimmerman, N., & Giang, A. (2024) · Environmental Research Health · doi:10.1088/2752-5309/ad5ded · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Olfaction and apathy in early idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Martinez-Nunez, A. E., Latack, K., Situ-Kcomt, M., & Mahajan, A. (2022) · Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120314 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gauhe, G., Cisneros, R. E. K., Ward, J., & Hohenschurz‐Schmidt, D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/46355 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Green, L. (2021) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2020.1847306 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heuberger, E. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie · doi:10.1055/a-1406-4277 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lee, I.-J., & Pan, X.-T. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108668 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gacumo, R. J., Campbell, J. A., Løkken, I. M., & Kucirkova, N. I. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102658 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Eremenko, J. A., Kosonogov, V., Aksiotis, V., Moiseeva, V., Obukhova, A., Godovanets, A. A., Zinchenko, O. O., Klucharev, V. A., & Шестакова, А. Н. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1635673 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zurlo, L., Bò, E. D., Gentili, C., & Cecchetto, C. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.12.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neural Networks Implicated in Autobiographical Memory Training
Cîrneci, D., Onu, M., Papasteri, C., Georgescu, D., Poalelungi, C., Sofonea, A., Puşcaşu, N., Tanase, D., Rădeanu, T., Toader, M.-Y., et al. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0137-22.2022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Relaxing and stimulating ambient odors influence preferences for musical tempo
Baccarani, A., & Brochard, R. (2023) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/10298649231202976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Continuous inhalation of essential oil increases gray matter volume
Kokubun, K., Nemoto, K., & Yamakawa, Y. (2024) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110896 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gasparini, G. M., Semaoui, S., Augugliaro, J., Boschung, A., Berthier, D. L., Seyfried, M., & Begnaud, F. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25030718 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Food play: A novel research methodology for visceral geographers and health researchers
Watson, D. B., Lewis, S., Campbell, M., Bryant, V., Storey, S. T., & Deary, V. (2019) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of forest and simulated nature meditation on university students’ well-being
Wei, Y., Shin, W.-S., Lee, M., Devisscher, T., & Wang, G. (2025) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-025-01909-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An integrative cognitive model for multisensory design: benefits and risks of AI-personalization
Bartoletti, R. L., & Corveleyn, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1652537 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Us, S. A., Taşçı, S., & Demirtaş, A. O. (2025) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2025.103233 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Herz, R.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Herz, Rachel
- ORCID
- Herz, Rachel
- Venue
- Brain Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-07-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 22
- ISSN
- 2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5039451
- OpenAlex
- W2499062966
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Nostalgia and Consumer Behavior
- Keywords
- olfactory memory, autobiographical memory, olfactory associative learning, inflammation, craving, mood, positive emotions, olfactory perception, individual differences, well-being
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review