Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c among homeless persons with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorders
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among homeless persons with co-occurring severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders and to determine associated risk factors. As part of a longitudinal study of the effectiveness of integrated treatment for homeless persons with SMI and substance abuse or dependence, serological testing was performed to ascertain the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV. At baseline, 6.2% of participants (11/172) were HIV-positive. Nearly one third of participants (37/114) had evidence of prior exposure to HBV, and 30% (34/114) were antibody positive for HCV. About 44% of participants (50/114) had a reactive test for either HBV or HCV. Having a reactive test was strongly associated with substance use, especially with a history of injection drug use. A significant threat exists to the health and well-being of homeless person with SMI due to high prevalence of blood-borne pathogens. Mental health providers need to play a proactive role in the identification of health-related needs and to assist with access to general health services for persons with SMI.
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The most common transmission routes for hepatitis in persons with SMI are drug-use behaviors and sexual behaviors related to drug use.
“The most common transmission routes for persons with SMI are drug-use behaviors and sexual behaviors related to drug use (404-406).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [406]
Overall, an estimated 20-25% of persons with SMI are infected with hepatitis C virus.
“Overall, an estimated 20-25% of persons with SMI are infected with hepatitis C virus (360,404-407).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [406]
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- Authors
- Klinkenberg, W. D., Caslyn, R. J., Morse, G. A., Yonker, R. D., McCudden, S., Ketema, F., & Constantine, N. T.
- Affiliations
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health (US)
- University of Missouri–St. Louis (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klinkenberg, W.Dean
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 293-302
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078060787
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 11.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R18 MH-51391)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
- Keywords
- HIV prevalence, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, homeless people, severe mental illness, substance use disorders, co-occurring disorders, intravenous drug use, bloodborne pathogens, integrated treatment, risk factors, serological testing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV Seropositivity, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders
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