Factors associated with risk for HIV infection among chronic mentally ill adults
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Chronic mentally ill adults have been found to be at risk for HIV infection. The authors investigated the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among psychiatric outpatients. Correlates of HIV risk factors and characteristics of patient relationships in which risk occurred were investigated. METHOD: Structured interviews were conducted with 95 chronic mentally ill adults from urban community support service programs. The interviews focused on sexual and substance use behavior, history of HIV risk behaviors, and relationship characteristics related to risk. RESULTS: The study showed that 27% of all patients had had two or more sex partners in the previous year and 18% had received money or drugs for sex. High rates of illicit drug use were also found, with frequent use of drugs or alcohol in association with sexual activity. Multiple regression analyses showed that use of illicit drugs, meeting sex partners in psychiatric clinics, and meeting partners in bars accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in HIV risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an urgent need for HIV prevention programs targeted at urban chronic mentally ill adults. Risk-producing characteristics of patient relationships and social networks should be addressed in the development of prevention interventions.
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The high frequency of substance abuse, sexual risk behaviors, and reduced knowledge about HIV-related issues contribute to the high HIV prevalence in people with SMI.
“The high frequency of substance abuse, sexual risk behaviors (e.g., sex without a condom, trading sex for money and drugs), and a reduced knowledge about HIV-related issues contribute to this high HIV prevalence (364,371-376).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [376]
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- Authors
- Kalichman, S. C., Kelly, J. A., Johnson, J. R., & Bulto, M.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1994-02-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-227
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1233958051
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 14.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh049031-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH MH-49031)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Keywords
- HIV risk behavior, chronic mental illness, psychiatric outpatients, sexual risk, multiple sexual partners, sex work, illicit drug use, alcohol consumption, HIV prevention, social networks, community support services, urban adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care, Mental Disorders, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Sexual Partners, Social Support, Urban Population, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders
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