The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diffuse perineuronal nets and modified pyramidal cells immunoreactive for glutamate and the GABAA receptor α1 subunit form a unique entity in rat cerebral cortex
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNs) consisting of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) and other extracellular matrix components create an exceptional microenvironment around certain types of neurons. In rat neocortex, three types of PNs can be distinguished after staining with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) by their different morphological structure: lattice-like PNs associated with subpopulations of nonpyramidal neurons, weakly labeled PNs showing a pyramidal morphology, and diffuse PNs that possess a thick, strongly labeled matrix sheath located mainly in layer VIb above the white matter. The type of neuron surrounded by diffuse nets has not been described so far. This study is focused on the cytochemical and morphological characteristics of neurons associated with diffusely contoured PNs in rat parietal cortex using immunocytochemical staining, intracellular injection, and retrograde tracing methods. Cells surrounded by diffuse PNs were glutamate-immunoreactive in contrast to nonpyramidal, net-associated neurons that showed immunoreactivity for GABA, the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin and the potassium channel subunit Kv3.1b. Both groups of PN-ensheathed cells were mostly immunoreactive for the GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit. Lucifer Yellow-injected neurons surrounded by diffuse PNs displayed the morphological properties of modified pyramidal cells with intracortical main axons. Many neurons with diffuse PNs were retrogradely labeled over a long distance after Fluoro-Gold tracer injection in the parietal cortex, but remained unlabeled after intrathalamic injection. We conclude that neurons associated with diffuse PNs are a subpopulation of glutamatergic modified pyramidal cells that could act as excitatory long-range intracortically projecting neurons.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“PNNs surround inhibitory fast spiking parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons12–14, but are also associated with further subpopulations, for example excitatory pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex15,16.”
From Elimination of the four extracellular matrix molecules tenascin-C, tenascin-R, brevican and neurocan alters the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapses (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Other cell types, including putative excitatory neurons also contain PNNs but they are less numerous compared to GABAergic-PNN expressing cells (Wegner et al., 2003).”
From The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as Wegner et al., 2003
Citations
Cites
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Palkovits, M. (1983) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(83)90049-5 · Cited by 28,959
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
Macdonald, R. L., & Olsen, R. W. (1994) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033 · Cited by 1,975
Reactivation of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex
Pizzorusso, T., Medini, P., Berardi, N., Chierzi, S., Fawcett, J. W., & Maffei, L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072699 · Cited by 1,679
GABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex
Kawaguchi, Y. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.6.476 · Cited by 1,416
Fritschy, J., & Mohler, H. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903590111 · Cited by 1,244
Organizing principles for a diversity of GABAergic interneurons and synapses in the neocortex
Gupta, A., Wang, Y., & Markram, H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.273 · Cited by 1,036
Peters, A., & Vaughan, D. W. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3929-8_1 · Cited by 900
Molecular and Physiological Diversity of Cortical Nonpyramidal Cells
Cauli, B., Audinat, E., Lambolez, B., Angulo, M. C., Ropert, N., Tsuzuki, K., Hestrin, S., & Rossier, J. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-10-03894.1997 · Cited by 738
Kawaguchi, Y. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-04-02638.1995 · Cited by 533
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Benke, 1991, Ubiquitous presence of GABAA-receptors containing the α1-subunit in rat brain demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry, Mol. Neuropharmacol., 1, 103
- Golgi, 1893, Intorno all'origine del quarto nervo cerebrale e una questione isto-fisiologica che a questo argomento si collega, Rend. R. Accad. Lincei (21 maggio), 2, 443
- Härtig, 1999, Cortical neurons immunoreactive for the potassium channel Kv3.1b subunit are predominantly surrounded by perineuronal nets presumed as a buffering system for cations, Brain Res., 842, 15, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01784-9 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–107 of 107
Schob, S., Puchta, J., Winter, K., Michalski, D., Mages, B., Martens, H., Emmer, A., Hoffmann, K., Gaunitz, F., Meinicke, A., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-747032/v1
Self-citationPerineuronal Nets in the Hamster Suprachiasmatic NucleusPreprint
Blakely, P. R., Jamani, N. F., Horsley, K. G., Hampton, K., & Antle, M. C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5357083
Perineuronal nets in the rodent suprachiasmatic nucleus
Blakely, P. R., Jamani, N. F., Horsley, K. G., Hampton, K., & Antle, M. C. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.027
Microglia: Key Players in Perineuronal Net Dynamics
Garmendia-Berges, M., & Puerta, E. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1012413 · Cited by 1
Electroacupuncture facilitates remote fear memory erasure via promoting perineuronal net degradation
Teng, S.-W., Guo, W.-B., Song, B.-F., He, Y., Wang, K., Gao, S.-B., Li, W., & Chen, Z.-Y. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03789-3 · Cited by 1
Jenike, A. E., Brown, T. E., Impey, S., Sorg, B. A., & Aicher, S. A. (2026) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2026.150507
Identification of perineuronal nets in zebrafishPreprint
Gahtan, E., & Alyan, A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7513275
Metadata
- Authors
- Wegner, F., Härtig, W., Bringmann, A., Grosche, J., Wohlfarth, K., Zuschratter, W., & Brückner, G.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brückner, Gert
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 705-714
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025692046
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- glutamate immunoreactivity, GABA-A receptor alpha1 subunit, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, extracellular matrix, parietal cortex, glutamatergic neurons, retrograde tracing, parvalbumin, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Extracellular Matrix, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Immunohistochemistry, Isoquinolines, Male, Organ Culture Techniques, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Receptors, GABA-A, Stilbamidines, Rats, Wistar, Pyramidal Cells, Microscopy, Confocal, Glutamic Acid, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
