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Memapsin 2 (β‐secretase) cytosolic domain binds to the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2: implications on the endocytosis mechanism of memapsin 2
Abstract
Memapsin 2, or β‐secretase, is a membrane‐anchored aspartic protease that initiates the cleavage of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the production of β‐amyloid peptide in the brain and the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Memapsin 2 and APP are both endocytosed into endosomes for cleavage. Here we show that the cytosolic domain of memapsin 2, but not that of memapsin 1, binds the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2. Gel‐immobilized VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2 also bound to full‐length memapsin 2 from cell mammalian lysates. Mutagenesis studies established that Asp 496, Leu 499 and Leu 500 were essential for the binding. The spacing of these three residues in memapsin 2 is identical to those in the cytosolic domains of mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors, sortilin and low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 3. These observations suggest that the endocytosis and intracellular transport of memapsin 2, mediated by its cytosolic domain, may involve the binding of GGA1 and GGA2.
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A family of GGA adaptor proteins and PLSCR1 directly interact with the BACE tail.
“A family of GGA adaptor proteins and the phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) have been shown to directly interact with the BACE tail (42,45).”
From The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) Is a Novel β-Secretase (BACE1) Substrate (2005) · cites this paper as [42]
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The Alzheimer's disease Beta-secretase enzyme, BACE1
Cole, S. L., & Vassar, R. (2007) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-2-22 · Cited by 550
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Depletion of GGA3 Stabilizes BACE and Enhances β-Secretase Activity
Tesco, G., Koh, Y. H., Kang, E. L., Cameron, A. N., Das, S., Sena-Esteves, M., Hiltunen, M., Yang, S.-H., Zhong, Z., Shen, Y., et al. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.012 · Cited by 337
The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) Is a Novel β-Secretase (BACE1) Substrate
von Arnim, C. A. F., Kinoshita, A., Peltan, I. D., Tangredi, M. M., Herl, L., Lee, B. M., Spoelgen, R., Hshieh, T. T., Ranganathan, S., Battey, F. D., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m414248200 · Cited by 258
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He, X., Cooley, K., Chung, C. H. Y., Dashti, N., & Tang, J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3993-06.2007 · Cited by 107
Self-citationProteomic identification of sorting nexin 6 as a negative regulator of BACE1‐mediated APP processing
Okada, H., Zhang, W., Peterhoff, C., Hwang, J. C., Nixon, R. A., Ryu, S. H., & Kim, T. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-146357 · Cited by 102
GGA1 Is Expressed in the Human Brain and Affects the Generation of Amyloid β-Peptide
Wahle, T., Thal, D. R., Sastre, M., Rentmeister, A., Bogdanovic, N., Famulok, M., Heneka, M. T., & Walter, J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1982-06.2006 · Cited by 88
Tan, J.-L., Li, Q.-X., Ciccotosto, G. D., Crouch, P. J., Culvenor, J. G., White, A. R., & Evin, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061246 · Cited by 66
Tan, J. Z. A., Fourriere, L., Wang, J., Perez, F., Boncompain, G., & Gleeson, P. A. (2020) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0487 · Cited by 37
O’Farrell, H., Harbourne, B., Kurlawala, Z., Inoue, Y., Nagelberg, A. L., Martinez, V. D., Lu, D., Oh, M. H., Coe, B. P., Thu, K. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.004 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- He, X., Chang, W.-P., Koelsch, G., & Tang, J.
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-07-12
- Volume
- 524
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 183-187
- ISSN
- 0014-5793
- 1873-3468
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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