Serum concentrations of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene across consecutive cycles of clomiphene citrate therapy in anovulatory infertile women
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Objective To determine the serum concentrations of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene across consecutive cycles of clomiphene citrate treatment in anovulatory infertile women.Design Prospective cohort.Setting Tertiary institutional infertility clinic.Patient(s) Fourteen consenting anovulatory infertile women receiving standardized, cyclic, incremental treatment with clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction.Intervention(s) Clomiphene citrate treatment (50-150 mg/d, cycle days 5-9), titrated to the minimum effective ovulation-inducing dose, was administered for three to six total cycles. Blood samples were obtained on cycle days 3 and 10 in each treatment cycle.Main outcome measure(s) Serum concentrations of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene.Result(s) Cycle day 3 zuclomiphene levels were below assay limits in all initial cycles, increased progressively across three consecutive cycles, and thereafter plateaued. Cycle day 3 enclomiphene concentrations were uniformly undetectable. Cycle day 10 enclomiphene levels increased with dose administered, but these observations were not statistically significant.Conclusion(s) Clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation results in an isomer-specific systemic accumulation of zuclomiphene across consecutive cycles of treatment. The combined maximum concentration of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene attained in practice approximates 100 nmol/L and is generally well below levels previously demonstrated to have adverse effects in vitro.
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Ovulation induction with letrozole is associated with an ovulation rate of 70%-84% and a pregnancy rate of 20%-27% per cycle.
“Ovulation induction with letrozole is associated with an ovulation rate of 70%-84% and a pregnancy rate of 20%-27% per cycle.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Young, S. L., Opsahl, M. S., & Fritz, M. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Genetics and IVF Institute (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Steven L
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-04
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 639-644
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984363794
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- clomiphene citrate, serum drug concentration, ovulation induction, anovulatory infertility, dose titration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anovulation, Clomiphene, Female, Fertility Agents, Female, Humans, Infertility, Female, Ovulation Induction, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Enclomiphene
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