Effects of tetracycline on the filarial worms Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis and their bacterial endosymbionts Wolbachiafn1fn1Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the embl, GeneBankTM and DDJB databases under accession number AJ012646.
Abstract
Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria have been shown to be widespread among filarial worms and could thus play some role in the biology of these nematodes. Indeed, tetracycline has been shown to inhibit both the development of adult worms from third-stage larvae and the development of the microfilaraemia in jirds infected with Brugia pahangi. The possibility that these effects are related to the bacteriostatic activity of tetracycline on Wolbachia symbionts should be considered. Here we show that tetracycline treatment is very effective in blocking embryo development in two filarial nematodes, B. pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis. Embryo degeneration was documented by TEM, while the inhibition of the transovarial transmission of Wolbachia was documented by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis on the ssrDNA sequence of the Wolbachia of B. pahangi confirms that the phylogeny of the bacterial endosymbionts is consistent with that of the host worms. The possibility that tetracycline inhibition of embryo development in B. pahangi and D. immitis is determined by cytoplasmic incompatibility is discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Tetracycline blocks intrauterine development of B. pahangi and D. immitis microfilariae.
“Initial studies reported that tetracycline blocked the intrauterine development of Brugia pahangi and D. immitis microfilariae (29)”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
Blocking Wolbachia can block filarial development.
“The objective of these strategies is to block filarial development (29)”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study
Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A., & Lane, D. J. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991 · Cited by 11,970 · see citing works
Werren, J. H. (1997) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.587 · Cited by 1,569 · see citing works
Evolution and phylogeny of Wolbachia : reproductive parasites of arthropods
Werren, J. H., Zhang, W., & Guo, L. R. (1995) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0117 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Phylogeny of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes
Bandi, C., Anderson, T., Genchi, C., & Blaxter, M. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0591 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Self-citationTransmission Modes and Evolution of the Parasitism‐Mutualism Continuuma
Ewald, P. W. (1987) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb40616.x · Cited by 482 · see citing works
TREECON: A software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees
de Peer, Y. V., & Wächter, R. D. (1993) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/9.2.177 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Molecular evidence for a close relative of the arthropod endosymbiont Wolbachia in a filarial worm
Sironi, M., Bandi, C., Sacchi, L., di Sacco, B., Damiani, G., & Genchi, C. (1995) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)02494-8 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationThe evolution of heritable symbionts
(1997) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198577867.003.0001 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Vertical Transmission and Evolution of Mutualism from Parasitism
Yamamura, N. (1993) · Theoretical Population Biology · doi:10.1006/tpbi.1993.1020 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Micro-organisms in filarial larvae (Nematoda)
McLaren, D. J., Worms, M. J., Laurence, B. R., & Simpson, M. G. (1975) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(75)90110-8 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Intracytoplasmic Bacteria in Onchocerca Volvulus
Kozek, W. J., & Marroquín, H. F. (1977) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.663 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '74
Schacher, J. F., Morgan, H. C., Otto, G. F., Jackson, R. F. W., & Jackson, W. F. (1976) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279143 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bosshardt, S. C., McCall, J. W., Coleman, S. U., Jones, K. L., Petit, T. A., & Klei, T. R. (1993) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3283620 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationGenchi, C., Sacchi, L., Bandi, C., & Venco, L. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationA Comparison of the Body Wall Ultrastructure of Brugia pahangi with that of Brugia malayi
Vincent, A. L., Portaro, J. K., & Ash, L. R. (1975) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279354 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis: Ultrastructural aspects of oocyte development and zygote formation
Lee, C.-C. (1975) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0014-4894(75)90015-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Abnormal patterns of embryogenesis inDirofilaria immitistreated with ivermectin
Lok, J. B., Harpaz, T., & KNIGHT, D. H. (1988) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x00011482 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Studies on the effects of tetracycline on Brugia pahangi infection in Aedes togoi.
Sucharit, S., Viraboonchai, S., Panavut, N., et al. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic
Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00012-12 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Chapter 4 Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans
McCall, J. W., Genchi, C., Kramer, L. H., Guerrero, J., & Venco, L. (2008) · Advances in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)00204-2 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Self-citationWolbachia Bacteria of Filarial Nematodes
Taylor, M. J., & Hoerauf, A. (1999) · Parasitology Today · doi:10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01533-1 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Heartworm Biology, Treatment, and Control
Bowman, D. D., & Atkins, C. E. (2009) · Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.003 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Bazzocchi, C., Mortarino, M., Grandi, G., Kramer, L. H., Genchi, C., Bandi, C., Genchi, M., Sacchi, L., & McCall, J. W. (2008) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.002 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationBrattig, N. W. (2004) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2003.11.003 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Epidemiology of heartworm: What is happening in South America and Mexico?
Labarthe, N., & Guerrero, J. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.006 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
wsp Gene Sequences from the Wolbachia of Filarial Nematodes
Bazzocchi, C., Jamnongluk, W., O'Neill, S. L., Anderson, T. J. C., Genchi, C., & Bandi, C. (2000) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s002840010100 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationKramer, L., Passeri, B., Corona, S., Simoncini, L., & Casiraghi, M. (2003) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0765-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationIs Wolbachia complicating the pathological effects of Dirofilaria immitis infections?
Kramer, L., Simón, F., Tamarozzi, F., Genchi, M., & Bazzocchi, C. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Savadelis, M. D., Ohmes, C. M., Hostetler, J. A., Settje, T. L., Zolynas, R., Dzimianski, M. T., & Moorhead, A. R. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2190-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rossi, M. I. D., Paiva, J., Bendas, A., Mendes-de-Almeida, F., Knackfuss, F., Miranda, M., Guerrero, J., Fernandes, O., & Labarthe, N. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sex and stripping: The key to the intimate relationship between Wolbachia and host?
Negri, I., Pellecchia, M., Grève, P., Daffonchio, D., Bandi, C., & Alma, A. (2010) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.4161/cib.3.2.10520 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationImproved efficacy of tetracycline by acaciasides on Dirofilaria immitis
Datta, S., Maitra, S., Gayen, P., & Sinha Babu, S. P. (2009) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1441-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bandi, C., McCall, J. W., Genchi, C., Corona, S., Venco, L., & Sacchi, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bandi, Claudio
- Venue
- International Journal for Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 357-364
- ISSN
- 0020-7519 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1962380303
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal for Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- tetracycline, Brugia pahangi, Dirofilaria immitis, Wolbachia, endosymbiotic bacteria, filarial nematodes, embryonic development, transovarial transmission, cytoplasmic incompatibility, microfilaremia, third-stage larvae
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Brugia, Dirofilaria, Dogs, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Female, Gerbillinae, Microscopy, Electron, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Rickettsiaceae, Symbiosis, Tetracycline, Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
