Chapter 4 Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans
Abstract
Heartworm disease due to Dirofilaria immitis continues to cause severe disease and even death in dogs and other animals in many parts of the world, even though safe, highly effective and convenient preventatives have been available for the past two decades. Moreover, the parasite and vector mosquitoes continue to spread into areas where they have not been reported previously. Heartworm societies have been established in the USA and Japan and the First European Dirofilaria Days (FEDD) Conference was held in Zagreb, Croatia, in February of 2007. These organizations promote awareness, encourage research and provide updated guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heartworm disease. The chapter begins with a review of the biology and life cycle of the parasite. It continues with the prevalence and distribution of the disease in domestic and wild animals, with emphasis on more recent data on the spreading of the disease and the use of molecular biology techniques in vector studies. The section on pathogenesis and immunology also includes a discussion of the current knowledge of the potential role of the Wolbachia endosymbiont in inflammatory and immune responses to D. immitis infection, diagnostic use of specific immune responses to the bacteria, immunomodulatory activity and antibiotic treatment of infected animals. Canine, feline and ferret heartworm disease are updated with regard to the clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention, therapy and management of the disease, with special emphasis on the recently described Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD) Syndrome in cats. The section devoted to heartworm infection in humans also includes notes on other epizootic filariae, particularly D. repens in humans in Europe. The chapter concludes with a discussion on emerging strategies in heartworm treatment and control, highlighting the potential role of tetracycline antibiotics in adulticidal therapy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other carnivores such as cats or ferrets should not be considered involved in the transmission of Dirofilaria spp. because microfilaraemia is absent or short-lasting in these hosts.
“The likelihood of other carnivores such as cats or ferrets being involved in the transmission of Dirofilaria spp. should not be considered because microfilaraemia is absent or short-lasting in these hosts (Campbell and Blair 1978; McCall et al. 2008; Bajer et al. 2016).”
From The current situation of canine dirofilariosis in Hungary (2020) · cites this paper as McCall et al. 2008
Dirofilarioses in dogs can be easily prevented with a number of macrocyclic lactones administered in a way to kill Dirofilaria immitis or Dirofilaria repens larvae before they develop into adults.
“This is mostly an issue for dirofilarioses in dogs which, in turn, can be easily prevented with a number of macrocyclic lactones administered in a way to kill D. immitis or D. repens larvae before they develop into adults in the heart/lungs or the subcutis, respectively.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
Microscopic detection of circulating microfilariae may lack sensitivity.
“However, microscopic detection of circulating microfilariae may lack in sensitivity.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
Commercial kits for detection of antigens released in the blood by adult female D. immitis are an alternative method for diagnosing D. immitis infestation in dogs.
“An alternative method for diagnosing D. immitis infestation in dogs is the use of commercial kits for the detection of antigens released in the blood by adult females.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
Single-sex infestations, low parasite burdens, immune reactions or past administration of parasiticides with microfilaricidal activity may cause lack of circulating larvae in up to 20-30% of dogs infected by D. immitis.
“Single-sex infestations, low parasite burdens, immune reactions or past administration of parasiticides with microfilaricidal activity may cause lack of circulating larvae in up to 20–30% of dogs infected by D. immitis[66].”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
The Knott's test is the gold standard method for microscopic identification of microfilariae in the bloodstream of infected animals.
“Microfilariae can be identified in the bloodstream of infected animals by microscopic techniques, using the Knott’s test, which is the gold standard method [66].”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
High positivity of Cx. pipiens s.l. for D. immitis and D. repens has been demonstrated by molecular and parasitological studies.
“High positivity of Cx. pipiens s.l. for D. immitis and D. repens was demonstrated by both molecular and parasitological studies [54, 55].”
From Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
The life cycle of dirofilarial worms involves an intermediate mosquito host.
“The lengthy life cycle of these nematodes involves an intermediate mosquito host (in Europe mainly Culex pipiens, Aedes vexans and Aedes albopictus) that becomes infected by taking a blood meal from a reservoir host carrying an adequate number of circulating LI larvae (microfilariae).”
From Dirofilarioses in cats: European guidelines from the ABCD on prevention and management (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
The lack of microfilariae in reported infections in wild cats and black bears indicates that these hosts play no significant role in the transmission of D. immitis.
“Nevertheless, the lack of microfilariae in the reported infections indicates that these hosts play no significant role in the transmission of this disease (261).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [261]
Canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused primarily by adult D. immitis worms and their antigenic products, including Wolbachia symbiotic bacteria.
“Canine cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused primarily by adult D. immitis worms (144, 261, 440, 444) and their antigenic products, including Wolbachia symbiotic bacteria (216).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [261]
Prophylaxis with macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, selamectin, or imidacloprid-moxidectin) has high therapeutic success rates in ferrets.
“The best option for clinical management is prophylaxis with macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, selamectin, or imidacloprid-moxidectin), which in various doses and with different routes of application have high therapeutic success rates (261, 434).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [261]
Interfering with dirofilarial transmission using antibiotics is feasible.
“Other studies have shown that interfering with dirofilarial transmission using antibiotics is feasible (261,363).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [261]
In D. immitis-infected dogs, doxycycline combined with ivermectin or ivermectin plus melarsomine lowers incidence of inflammatory pulmonary lesions and thrombi compared with controls treated with either doxycycline or melarsomine alone.
“Doxycycline in combination with ivermectin or ivermectin plus melarsomine lowered the incidence of inflammatory pulmonary lesions and thrombi compared with controls treated with either doxycycline or melarsomine alone (213,261).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [261]
Topical selamectin is active against fleas and other major parasites of companion animals.
“Topical selamectin can be used to prevent cardio-pulmonary dirofilariosis in dogs and cats and, as mentioned above, this formulation is active against fleas and other major parasites of companion animals [107,138,139].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [138]
MLs kill third and fourth larval stages of D. immitis.
“MLs can be used to prevent canine heartworm disease in both dogs and cats for their ability to kill third and fourth larval stages of D. immitis[138].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [138]
Cites
The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis — An Update
Ross, R. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198602203140806 · Cited by 4,885 · see citing works
Critical review of the vector status of <i>Aedes albopictus</i>
Gratz, N. G. (2004) · Medical and Veterinary Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.0269-283x.2004.00513.x · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
(1999) · Journal of Equine Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(99)80080-x · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Global Transport Networks and Infectious Disease Spread
Tatem, A. J., Rogers, D. J., & Hay, S. I. (2006) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(05)62009-x · Cited by 641 · see citing works
The Wolbachia genome of Brugia malayi: Endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic \nnematode
Foster, J. M., Ganatra, M. B., Kamal, I. H., Ware, J., Makarova, K. S., Ivanova, N., Bhattacharyya, A., Kapatral, V., Kumar, S., Pósfai, J., et al. (2005) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIII: Small Animal Practice
Bonagura, J. D. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 618 · see citing works
The Wolbachia Genome of Brugia malayi: Endosymbiont Evolution within a Human Pathogenic Nematode
Foster, J. M., Ganatra, M. B., Kamal, I. H., Ware, J., Makarova, K. S., Ivanova, N., Bhattacharyya, A., Kapatral, V., Kumar, S., Pósfai, J., et al. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030121 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Global traffic and disease vector dispersal
Tatem, A. J., Hay, S. I., & Rogers, D. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508391103 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Wolbachia.Bacterial Endosymbionts of Filarial Nematodes
Taylor, M. J., Bandi, C., & Hoerauf, A. M. (2005) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(05)60004-8 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Discrimination between six species of canine microfilariae by a single polymerase chain reaction
Rishniw, M., Barr, S. C., Simpson, K. W., Frongillo, M. F., Franz, M., & Dominguez Alpizar, J. L. (2006) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.013 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Taylor, M. J., Makunde, W. H., McGarry, H. F., Turner, J. D., Mand, S., & Hoerauf, A. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66591-9 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Macrocyclic lactones in antiparasitic therapy
Vercruysse, J., & Rew, R. S. (2002) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9780851996172.0000 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Pampiglione, S., & Rivasi, F. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Molecular evidence for a close relative of the arthropod endosymbiont Wolbachia in a filarial worm
Sironi, M., Bandi, C., Sacchi, L., di Sacco, B., Damiani, G., & Genchi, C. (1995) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)02494-8 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationBandi, C., McCall, J. W., Genchi, C., Corona, S., Venco, L., & Sacchi, L. (1999) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00200-8 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationOrihel, T. C., & Eberhard, M. L. (1998) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.11.2.366 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
A method for making microfilarial surveys on day blood
Knott, J. (1939) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(39)90101-x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Bandi, C., Trees, A. J., & Brattig, N. W. (2001) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00432-0 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Is heartworm disease really spreading in Europe?
Genchi, C., Rinaldi, L., Cascone, C., Mortarino, M., & Cringoli, G. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.009 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationBrattig, N. W., Bazzocchi, C., Kirschning, C. J., Reiling, N., Büttner, D. W., Ceciliani, F., Geisinger, F., Hochrein, H., Ernst, M., Wagner, H., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.437 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Langworthy, N. G., Renz, A., Ute Mackenstedt, A., Henkle–Dührsen, K., Bronsvoort, M., Tanya, V. N., Donnelly, M. J., & Trees, A. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1110 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy
Cancrini, G., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Ricci, I., Tessarin, C., Gabrielli, S., & Pietrobelli, M. (2003) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.011 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Pampiglione, S., Rivasi, F., Angeli, G., Boldorini, R., Incensati, R. M., Pastormerlo, M., Pavesi, M., & Ramponi, A. (2001) · Histopathology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01099.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Neutrophil accumulation around worms and chemotaxis of neutrophils are dependent on endobacteria
Brattig, N. W., Büttner, D. W., & Hoerauf, A. M. (2001) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01399-5 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Nelson, C. T., McCall, J. W., Rubin, S. B., Buzhardt, L. F., Dorion, D. W., Graham, W., Longhofer, S. L., Guerrero, J., Robertson-Plouch, C. K., & Paul, A. J. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.009 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationBazzocchi, C., Mortarino, M., Grandi, G., Kramer, L. H., Genchi, C., Bandi, C., Genchi, M., Sacchi, L., & McCall, J. W. (2008) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.002 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationBrownli, S. E. (1989) · British Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/0007-1935(89)90041-9 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The Cat: Diseases and Clinical Management
Sherding, R. G. (1994) · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Population dynamics of Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts in Brugia malayi
McGarry, H. F., Egerton, G. L., & Taylor, M. J. (2004) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.01.006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Helminths in the wolf, <i>Canis lupus</i>, from north-western Spain
Segovia, J. M., Torres, J., Miquel, J., Llaneza, L., & Feliu, C. (2001) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1079/joh200152 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Human Dirofilariasis in the European Union
Muro, A., Genchi, C., Cordero, M., & Simón, F. (1999) · Parasitology Today · doi:10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01496-9 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationSevere reactions to filarial chemotherapy and release of Wolbachia endosymbionts into blood
Cross, H. F., Haarbrink, M., Egerton, G., Yazdanbakhsh, M., & Taylor, M. J. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06899-4 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
What is happening outside North America regarding human dirofilariasis?
Simón, F., López-Belmonte, J., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., Morchón, R., & Martín-Pacho, J. R. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.033 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Public health aspects of dirofilariasis in the United States
Theis, J. H. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.007 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
McCall, J. W. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.005 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of heartworm: What is happening in South America and Mexico?
Labarthe, N., & Guerrero, J. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.006 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationHeartworm and Wolbachia: Therapeutic implications
McCall, J. W., Genchi, C., Kramer, L. H., Guerrero, J., Dzimianski, M. T., Supakorndej, P., Mansour, A., McCall, S. D., Supakorndej, N., Grandi, G., et al. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.008 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSTUDIES ON ENDOPARASITES OF THE BLACK BEAR (Ursus americanus) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Crum, J. M., Nettles, V. F., & Davidson, W. R. (1978) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-14.2.178 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '74
Schacher, J. F., Morgan, H. C., Otto, G. F., Jackson, R. F. W., & Jackson, W. F. (1976) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279143 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Fox, P. R. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 106 · see citing works
<i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria in filarial immunity and disease
Taylor, M. J., Cross, H. F., Ford, L., Makunde, W. H., Prasad, G. B. K. S., & Bilo, K. (2001) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00400.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Natural vectors of dirofilariasis in rural and urban areas of the Tuscan region, central Italy
Cancrini, G., Magi, M., Gabrielli, S., Arispici, M., Tolari, F., Dell’Omodarme, M., & Prati, M. C. (2006) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jmedent/43.3.574 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Morphology of the Larval Stages of Dirofilaria immitis in the Dog
Orihel, T. C. (1961) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3275301 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis
de Campos, J. R. M., Barbas, C. S. V., Filomeno, L. T. B., Fernandez, Â., Minamoto, H., Filho, J. V. B., & Jatene, F. B. (1997) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.112.3.729 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Habitat related differences in helminth parasites of red foxes in the Ebro valley
Gortázar, C., Villafuerte, R., Lucientes, J., & Fernández-de-Luco, D. (1998) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00192-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
A simple molecular method for discriminating common filarial nematodes of dogs (Canis familiaris)
Casiraghi, M., Bazzocchi, C., Mortarino, M., Ottina, E., & Genchi, C. (2006) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationWolbachia and its influence on the pathology and immunology of Dirofilaria immitis infection
Kramer, L., Grandi, G., Leoni, M., Passeri, B., McCall, J., Genchi, C., Mortarino, M., & Bazzocchi, C. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.014 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationBazzocchi, C., Ceciliani, F., McCall, J. W., Ricci, I., Genchi, C., & Bandi, C. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1313 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (1994–1996)
Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Morales, M., Ferrer, O., Molina, J. M., & Sánchez, J. A. C. (1998) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00175-1 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Polymerase chain reaction—identification of <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> and <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>
Favia, G., Lanfrancotti, A., Torre, A. D., Cancrini, G., & Coluzzi, M. (1996) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182000067615 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Developmental stages of Dirofilaria immitis in the dog
Kotani, T., & Powers, K. G. (1982) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1982.43.12.2199 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cringoli, G., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V., & Capelli, G. (2001) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00529-5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '86
Vickery, A. C., & Otto, G. F. (1988) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3282490 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '80
Eberhard, M. L. (1982) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.1069 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Paul‐Murphy, J., Work, T. M., Hunter, D., et al. (1994) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-30.2.205 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kramer, L., Passeri, B., Corona, S., Simoncini, L., & Casiraghi, M. (2003) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0765-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationVezzani, D., Eiras, D. F., & Wisnivesky, C. (2006) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.026 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
(2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.008 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationGilbert, J., Nfon, C. K., Makepeace, B. L., Njongmeta, L. M., Hastings, I. M., Pfarr, K. M., Renz, A., Tanya, V. N., & Trees, A. J. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/462426 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Development of Dirofilaria immitis in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti
TAYLOR, A. E. R. (1960) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x00020307 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
What is new in the Wolbachia/Dirofilaria interaction?
Kozek, W. J. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.02.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Bazzocchi, C., Genchi, C., Paltrinieri, S., Lecchi, C., Mortarino, M., & Bandi, C. (2003) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.07.013 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationDirofilaria immitis: Fate and immunogenicity of irradiated infective stage larvae in beagles
Wong, M. M., Guest, M. F., & Lavoipierre, M. M. J. (1974) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0014-4894(74)90052-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Heartworm infection in humans and animals
Autores, V., Simón, F., & Genchi, C. (2001) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of endosymbioticWolbachiabacteria in filarial disease
Hise, A. G., Gillette‐Ferguson, I., & Pearlman, E. M. (2004) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00350.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Bhat, K., Wilson, G., & Mallya, S. (2003) · Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0255-0857(21)03088-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Performance of serologic tests used to detect heartworm infection in cats
Snyder, P. S., Levy, J. K., Salute, M. E., Gorman, S. P., Kubilis, P. S., Smail, P. W., & George, L. L. (2000) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2000.216.693 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Venco, L., McCall, J. W., Guerrero, J., & Genchi, C. (2004) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.06.024 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationHistochemical Differentiation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum
Chalifoux, L. V., & Hunt, R. D. (1971) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1971.158.05.601 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Heartworm Disease in Dogs and Cats
Rawlings, C. A. (1986) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mar, P.-H., Yang, I.-C., Chang, G.-N., & Fei, A. C.-Y. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00032-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
JELINEK, T., SCHULTE‐HILLEN, J., & LOSCHER, T. (1996) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb05054.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils
Bazzocchi, C., Comazzi, S., Santoni, R., Bandi, C., Genchi, C., & Mortarino, M. (2006) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00915.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationMedlock, J. M., Barrass, I., Kerrod, E., Taylor, M. A., & Leach, S. (2007) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2006.0564 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Morchón, R., Ferreira, A. C., Martín-Pacho, J. R., Montoya, A., Mortarino, M., Genchi, C., & Simón, F. (2004) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.08.003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationFortin, J., & Slocombe, J. O. D. (1981) · Mosquito news · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Kramer, L. H., Tamarozzi, F., Morchón, R., López-Belmonte, J. L., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., Martín-Pacho, R., & Simón, F. (2005) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.03.011 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationGrieve, R. B., Abraham, D., Mika-Grieve, M., & Seibert, B. P. (1988) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.373 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Prevalence of feline heartworm disease - a global review.
Ryan, W. G., Newcomb, K. M., Soll, M. D., & KNIGHT, D. H. (1995) · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Quantification of Wolbachia bacteria in Brugia malayi through the nematode lifecycle
Fenn, K., & Blaxter, M. (2004) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.06.012 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Punkosdy, G. A., Addiss, D. G., & Lammie, P. J. (2003) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.71.9.5104-5114.2003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Murata, K., Yanai, T., Agatsuma, T., & Uni, S. (2003) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.65.945 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Browne, L. E., Carter, T. D., Levy, J. K., Snyder, P. S., & Johnson, C. M. (2005) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1544 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The first report of authochthonous dirofilariosis in dogs in the Czech Republic
Svobodová, Z., Svobodová, V., Genchi, C., & Forejtek, P. (2006) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/s11687-006-0046-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Life-Cycle of Dirofilaria Immitis in the Dog as the Final Host
Kume, S., & ITAGAKI, S. (1955) · British Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)47453-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Miller, M. W. (1998) · Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s1096-2867(98)80016-9 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal transmission risk of Dirofilaria immitis in Argentina
Vezzani, D., & Carbajo, A. E. (2006) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.08.012 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Clinical evolution and radiographic findings of feline heartworm infection in asymptomatic cats
Venco, L., Genchi, C., Genchi, M., Grandi, G., & Kramer, L. H. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationFour types of occult Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs
Rawlings, C. A., Dawe, D. L., McCall, J. W., Keith, J. C., & Prestwood, A. K. (1982) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1982.180.11.1323 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiopulmonary helminth parasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Catalonia, northeastern Spain
Mañas, S., Ferrer, D., Castellà, J., & Maria López-Martı́n, J. (2005) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.12.011 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Levy, J. K., Edinboro, C. H., Glotfelty, C.-S., Dingman, P. A., West, A. L., & Kirkland-Cady, K. D. (2007) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.231.2.218 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Heartworm Infection in Cats From Northern Florida
Levy, J. K., Snyder, P. S., Taveres, L. M., Hooks, J. L., Pegelow, M. J., Slater, M. R., Hughes, K. L., & Salute, M. E. (2003) · Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association · doi:10.5326/0390533 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nelson, G. S. (1962) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x00023968 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A seroepidemiologic survey of human dirofilariosis in Western Spain.
Simón, F., Muro, A., Cordero, M., & Martin, J. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: A case report and review of the recent Japanese literature
MIYOSHI, T., TSUBOUCHI, H., IWASAKI, A., SHIRAISHI, T., NABESHIMA, K., & SHIRAKUSA, T. (2006) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00855.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Genchi, C., Venco, L., Ferrari, N., Mortarino, M., & Genchi, M. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationCANINE HEARTWORMS IN COYOTES IN ILLINOIS
Nelson, T. A., Gregory, D. G., & Laursen, J. R. (2003) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.3.593 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Survey of canine heartworm in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Alves, L. C., Silva, L. V. D. A., Faustino, M. A. D. G., McCall, J. W., Supakonderj, P., Labarthe, N., Sánchez, M. Y. A., & Caires, O. (1999) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/s0074-02761999000500004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationThe First Human Case of Hepatic Dirofilariasis
Kim, M. K., Kim, C. H., Yeom, B. W., Park, S. H., Choi, S. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2002) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2002.17.5.686 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE SEROPREVALENCE OF CANINE HEARTWORM ANTIGEN IN THE ISLAND FOX
Roemer, G. W., Coonan, T. J., Garcelon, D. K., et al. (2000) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-36.4.723 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Simón, F., Prieto, G., Morchón, R., Bazzocchi, C., Bandi, C., & Genchi, C. (2003) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.10.1.180-181.2003 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBiology of experimental heartworm infections in cats
McCall, J. W., Dzimianski, M. T., McTier, T. L., Jernigan, A. D., Jun, J. J., Mansour, A. E., Supakorndej, P., Plue, R. E., Clark, J., & Wallace, D. H. (1992) · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Affecting Dirofilaria immitis Prevalence in Red Foxes in Northeastern Spain
Gortazar, C., Castillo, J. A., Lucientes, J., Blanco, J. C., Arriolabengoa, A., & Calvete, C. (1994) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.545 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Dillon, R. A. (1984) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(84)50153-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Reifur, L., Thomaz‐Soccol, V., & Montiani‐Ferreira, F. (2004) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dirofilaria repens infection in a dog: diagnosis and treatment with melarsomine and doramectin
Baneth, G., Volansky, Z., Anug, Y., Favia, G., Bain, O., Goldstein, R. E., & Harrus, S. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00006-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Peribáñez, M. A., Lucientes, J., Arce, S., Morales, M., Castillo, J. A., & Gracia, M. J. (2001) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00516-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Frank, G., Tripp, C. A., & Grieve, R. B. (1996) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)02534-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Feline heartworm infection: serological survey of asymptomatic cats living in northern Italy
Kramer, L., & Genchi, C. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00602-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationCase report: Unusual location of Dirofilaria immitis in a 28-year-old man necessitates orchiectomy.
Theis, J. H., Gilson, A., Simon, G. E., Bradshaw, S., & Clark, D. (2001) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.317 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Platelet adhesion and myointimal proliferation in canine pulmonary arteries.
Schaub, R. G., Rawlings, C. A., & Keith, J. C. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Helminths of the Ocelot from Southern Texas
Pence, D. B., Tewes, M. E., & Laack, L. L. (2003) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.3.683 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Labarthe, N., Ferreira, A. M. R., Guerrero, J., Newcomb, K. M., & Paes-de-Almeida, E. C. (1997) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00041-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationDescription of the Occurrence of Canine Dirofilariasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Labarthe, N., Almosny, N. R. P., Guerrero, J., & Duque-Araújo, A. M. (1997) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/s0074-02761997000100010 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationOlmeda, A. S., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J. A., & Rojo-Vázquez, F. A. (1993) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0304-4017(93)90034-k · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Use of echocardiography for the diagnosis of heartworm disease in cats: 43 cases (1985–1997)
DeFrancesco, T. C., Atkins, C. E., Miller, M. W., Meurs, K. M., & Keene, B. W. (2001) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.66 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dillon, R. A. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781351071420-12 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
KNIGHT, D. H. (1987) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(87)50012-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prevalence of the Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Bolio‐González, M. E., Rodríguez‐Vivas, R. I., Sauri-Arceo, C. H., Gutiérrez‐Blanco, E., Ortega‐Pacheco, A., & Colin-Flores, R. F. (2007) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.019 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Canine heartworm testing in Canada: are we being effective?
Klotins, K., Martin, S., Bonnett, B. N., & Peregrine, A. S. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Dirofilariasis in the domestic ferret
McCall, J. W. (1998) · Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s1096-2867(98)80015-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationSubconjunctival Infection With Dirofilaria repens
Ruiz‐Moreno, J. M. (1998) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.116.10.1370 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
McGreevy, P. B., Theis, J. H., Lavoipierre, M. M. J., et al. (1974) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x00022896 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Adult Dirofilaria repens in a subcutaneous granuloma on the chest of a dog
Bredal, W. P., Gjerde, B., Eberhard, M. L., Aleksandersen, M., Wilhelmsen, D. K., & Mansfield, L. S. (1998) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03715.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Selcer, B. A., Newell, S. M., Mansour, A. E., & Mccall, J. W. (1996) · Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb00810.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S.-E., Kim, H.-C., Chong, S.-T., Klein, T. A., & Lee, W.-J. (2007) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.04.015 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Prevalence of heartworm infection in cats with signs of cardiorespiratory abnormalities
Atkins, C. E., DeFrancesco, T. C., Miller, M. W., Meurs, K. M., & Keene, B. W. (1998) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1998.212.04.517 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Morchón, R., López-Belmonte, J., Bazzocchi, C., Grandi, G., Kramer, L., & Simón, F. (2007) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationLitster, A., Atkins, C. E., Atwell, R., & Buchanan, J. W. (2005) · Journal of Veterinary Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2005.02.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Occurrence of the heartworm in unusual locations and in unusual hosts.
Otto, G. F., & Morgan, H. C. (1975) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Schaub, R. G., & Rawlings, C. A. (1980) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1980.41.07.1082 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dermatitis associated with microfilariae (Filarioidea) in 10 dogs
Hargis, Lewis, Duclos, Loeffler, & Rausch (1999) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3164.1999.00136.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Perera, L., Pérez‐Arellano, J. L., Cordero, M., Simón, F., & Muro, A. (1998) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00209.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Acute death in heartworm-infected cats: Unraveling the puzzle
Litster, A., Atkins, C., & Atwell, R. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Experimental Infection of Cats with Dirofilaria immitis
Donahoe, J. M. R. (1975) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279450 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Radiographic Differentiation of Disseminated Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases in Dogs and Cats
Suter, P. F., & Lord, P. F. (1974) · Veterinary Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0091-0279(74)50080-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Sydney
BIDGOOD, A., & Collins, G. H. (1996) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09987.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Clinical Significance of Feline Heartworm Disease
Dillon, R. A. (1998) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(98)50136-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Morales, M., Juste, M. C., Bañares, A., Simón, F., & Genchi, C. (2006) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-006-0257-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo dimensional echocardiography for diagnosis of dirofilariasis in nine dogs
Badertscher, R. R., Losonsky, J. M., Paul, A. J., & Kneller, S. K. (1988) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1988.193.07.843 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Surgical removal of heartworms from a cat with caval syndrome
Glaus, T. M., Jacobs, G. J., Rawlings, C. A., Watson, E. D., & Calvert, C. A. (1995) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1995.206.05.663 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Morchón, R., Bazzocchi, C., López-Belmonte, J., Martín-Pacho, J. R., Kramer, L. H., Grandi, G., & Simón, F. (2007) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2006.10.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, J., Song, K., Lee, S. E., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. I., HAYASAKI, M., You, M., & Kim, D. H. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.026 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
CARDIAC AND PULMONARY ARTERY MENSURATION IN FELINE HEARTWORM DISEASE
Schafer, M., & Berry, C. R. (1995) · Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00302.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
An enduring association? Microfilariae and immunosupression in lymphatic filariasis
O’Connor, R. A., Jenson, J. S., Osborne, J., & Devaney, E. (2003) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.017 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dillon, A. R., Brawner, A. R., Robertson-Plouch, C. K., & Guerrero, J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPerera, L., Muro, A., Cordero, M., Villar, E., & Simón, F. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '77
Schacher, J. F., Morgan, H. C., Otto, G. F., et al. (1979) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3280307 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Heartworm infection in cats: a life-threatening disease.
Jw, M., Calvert, C. A., & Ca, R. (1994) · Veterinary medicine · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Transient solitary pulmonary nodule caused by Dirofilaria immitis
Cordero, M., Munoz, M., Muro, A., & Simon, F. (1990) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.93.03091070 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Early Migration and Development of Dirofilaria immitis in the Ferret, Mustela putorius furo
Supakorndej, P., McCall, J. W., & Jun, J. J. (1994) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3283753 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationFrank, G., Mondesire, R. R., Brandt, K. S., & Wisnewski, N. (1998) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3284679 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis: Experimental Infections in the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Campbell, W. C., & Blair, L. S. (1978) · The Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279620 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dh, K., Atkins, C. E., Atwell, R. B., Ch, C., Dillon, R. A., Genchi, C., Hagio, M., Holmes, R. A., Dk, L., Jw, M., et al. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEspinoza, E., Cordero, M., Muro, A., Lorente, F., & Simón, F. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Prevalence of exposure to Dirofilaria immitis in cats in multiple areas of the United States.
Miller, M. W., Atkins, C. E., Stemme, K., Robertson-Plouch, C. K., & Guerrero, J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSmall Calcified Nodule: An Undescribed Radiologic Manifestation of Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis
Cordero, M., Munoz, M. R., Muro, A., Simon, F., & Perera, M. L. (1992) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/165.2.398 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in Taiwan
Wu, C.-C., & ER;, F. P. C. W. F. C. H. P. Y. C. C. K. C. (2003) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1079/joh2002150 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Patton, S., & Faulkner, C. T. (1992) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1992.200.10.1533 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Biology of Dirofilaria Immitis
Abraham, D. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781351071420-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pampiglione, S., Elek, G., Pálfi, P., Vetési, F., & Varga, I. (1999) · Acta Veterinaria Hungarica · doi:10.1556/avet.47.1999.1.7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lorentzen, L., & Caola, A. E. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
(1992) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Genchi, C., Rossi, L., Cardini, G., Kramer, L. H., Venco, L., Casiraghi, M., Genchi, M., & Agostini, A. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00325-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationEchocardiographic quantification of Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected cats
Atkins, C. E., Arther, R. G., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., Ensley, S. M., Guity, P. S., Chopade, H., Hoss, H., & Settje, T. L. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mejia, J. S., & Carlow, C. K. S. (1994) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00335.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
RECONSTRUCTING THE SPREAD OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN CALIFORNIA COYOTES
Sacks, B. N., & Caswell-Chen, E. P. (2003) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0319:rtsodi]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Frank, G., & Grieve, R. B. (1996) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)02533-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sun, S., & Sugane, K. (1992) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x00014590 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Elevated Endothelin-1 Expression in Dogs with Heartworm Disease
Uchide, T., & Saida, K. (2005) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.67.1155 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A survey of canine heartworm infections among German shepherds in South Korea
Jeong Chee, L. E. E., Lee, C. Y., Shin, S. S., et al. (1996) · Korean Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.3347/kjp.1996.34.4.225 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Clinicopathological Studies on Canine Dirofilarial Hemoglobinuria
ISHIHARA, K., KITAGAWA, H., Ojima, M., et al. (1978) · The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science · doi:10.1292/jvms1939.40.525 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Surgical removal of heartworms from the right atrium of a cat
Borgarelli, M., Venco, L., Piga, P. M., Bonino, F., & Ryan, W. G. (1997) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1997.211.01.68 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology and prevention of Dirofilaria infections in dogs and cats.
Genchi, C., Guerrero, J., McCall, J. W., & Venco, L. (2007) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSuba, N., Shiny, C., Taylor, M. J., & Narayanan, R. B. (2006) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2006.12.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pherez, F. M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Frank, G., & Grieve, R. B. (1991) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3282748 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Canine Heartworm in the Domestic and Wild Canids of Southeastern Nebraska
Pappas, L. G., & Lunzman, A. T. (1985) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3281722 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Atkins, C. E., Atwell, R., Dillon, R. A., et al. (1995) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Utility of an ELISA-based antibody test for detection of heartworm infection in cats.
McCall, J. W., Supakorndej, N., Ryan, W. L., Soll, M. D., & KNIGHT, D. H. (1995) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in cats in Japan
Roncalli, R. A., YAMANE, Y., & Nagata, T. (1998) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00194-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>in Tikuna Indians and their dogs in the Colombian Amazon
Vieira, C., Vélez, I. D., Montoya, M. N., Agudelo, S., Alvarez, M. I., Genchi, C., & Simón, F. (1998) · Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1998.11813270 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of canine dirofilariosis in the City of Buenos Aires and its outskirts (Argentina)
Rosa, A., Ribicich, M. M., Betti, A., Kistermann, J. C., Cardillo, N. M., Basso, N., & Hallu, R. E. (2002) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00286-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Blair, L. S., & Campbell, W. C. (1978) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3279717 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dillon, A. R., Warner, A. E., Molina, R. M., Soll, M. D., & KNIGHT, D. H. (1995) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Robertson-Plouch, C. K., Dillon, A. R., Brawner, W. R., & Guerrero, J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationReversal in microfilarial density and T cell responses in human lymphatic filariasis
Sartono, E., Lopriore, C., Kruize, Y. C. M., et al. (1999) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00253.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis in cats from inner Sydney
KENDALL, K., Collins, G. H., & POPE, S. (1991) · Australian Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb00734.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Favia, G., Cancrini, G., Ricci, I., Bazzocchi, C., Magi, M., Pietrobelli, M., Genchi, C., & Bandi, C. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Probes · doi:10.1006/mcpr.2000.0317 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationA Solitary Pulmonary Nodule With Zoonotic Implications
Bielawski, B. C., Harrington, D. S., & Joseph, E. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.4.1250 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> in an African lion ( <i>Panthera leo</i> )
Ruiz de Ybáñez, M. R., Martínez‐Carrasco, C., Martínez, J. J., Ortiz, J. M., Attout, T., & Bain, O. (2006) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.158.7.240 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisin Dogs of Fars Province of Iran
Jafari, S., Gaur, S. N. S., & Khaksar, Z. (1996) · Journal of Applied Animal Research · doi:10.1080/09712119.1996.9706101 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Longevity of an Experimental Infection with Dirofilaria immitis in a Dog
Newton, W. L. (1968) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3276912 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wang, J.-S., Tung, K., Huang, C.-C., et al. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.041 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Seasonal timing of heartworm chemoprophylaxis in the United States.
KNIGHT, D. H., Lok, J. B., & Soll, M. D. (1995) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Arther, R. G., Charles, S., Ciszewski, D. K., Davis, W. L., & Settje, T. S. (2005) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Immunisation of mice with fractions derived from the intestines of Dirofilaria immitis
McGonigle, S., Yoho, E. R., & James, E. R. (2001) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00272-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Donahoe, J. M. R., Kneller, S. K., & Lewis, R. E. (1976) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1976.168.05.413 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Guerrero, J., McCall, J. W., & Genchi, C. (2002) · Macrocyclic lactones in antiparasitic therapy · doi:10.1079/9780851996172.0353 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationLok, J. B., KNIGHT, D. H., Nolan, T. J., Grubbs, S. T., Cleale, R. M., & Heaney, K. (2004) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic
Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00012-12 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Canine and feline cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes in Europe: emerging and underestimated
Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A., & Conboy, G. (2010) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-62 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Climate and Dirofilaria infection in Europe
Genchi, C., Rinaldi, L., Mortarino, M., Genchi, M., & Cringoli, G. (2009) · Veterinary parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.026 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationVector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe
Otranto, D., Dantas-Torres, F., Brianti, E., Traversa, D., Petrić, D., Genchi, C., & Capelli, G. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-16 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationHeartworm Biology, Treatment, and Control
Bowman, D. D., & Atkins, C. E. (2009) · Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.003 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe
Capelli, G., Genchi, C., Baneth, G., Bourdeau, P., Brianti, E., Cardoso, L., Danesi, P., Fuehrer, H.-P., Giannelli, A., Ionică, A. M., et al. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationHeat treatment prior to testing allows detection of antigen of Dirofilaria immitis in feline serum
Little, S. E., Raymond, M. R., Thomas, J. E., Gruntmeir, J., Hostetler, J. A., Meinkoth, J. H., & Blagburn, B. L. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-1 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Vector-borne parasitic zoonoses: emerging scenarios and new perspectives
Colwell, D. D., Dantas-Torres, F., & Otranto, D. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.012 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Their Vectors in Europe – New Distribution Trends
Morchón, R., Carretón, E., González-Miguel, J., & Mellado-Hernández, I. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00196 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
“Additionally, many cats tolerate the infection without any noticeable clinical signs or with signs manifested only transiently and sometimes sudden death may arise without warning (Genchi et al., 1992; McCall et al., 2008).”
BackgroundDirofilarial Infections in Europe
Genchi, C., Kramer, L. H., & Rivasi, F. (2011) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0247 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationGenchi, C., Mortarino, M., Rinaldi, L., Cringoli, G., Traldi, G., & Genchi, M. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.012 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in the Old World
Genchi, C., & Kramer, L. H. (2020) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108995 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationOtranto, D., Capelli, G., & Genchi, C. (2009) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-s1-s2 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationSubcutaneous dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens): an infection spreading throughout the old world
Genchi, C., & Kramer, L. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2434-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is new about animal and human dirofilariosis?
Simón, F., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., & Siles-Lucas, M. (2009) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2009.06.003 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cardoso, L., Mendão, C., & Madeira de Carvalho, L. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-62 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Kronefeld, M., Kampen, H., Sassnau, R., & Werner, D. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-30 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Public health issues concerning the widespread distribution of canine heartworm disease
Lee, A. C. Y., Montgomery, S. P., Theis, J. H., Blagburn, B. L., & Eberhard, M. L. (2010) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis: An emerging parasite in dogs, red foxes and golden jackals in Hungary
Tolnai, Z., Széll, Z., Sproch, Á., Szeredi, L., & Sréter, T. (2014) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.004 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Fuehrer, H.-P., Morelli, S., Unterköfler, M. S., Bajer, A., Bakran-Lebl, K., Dwużnik-Szarek, D., Farkas, R., Grandi, G., Heddergott, M., Jokelainen, P., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10101268 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Canine and Feline Infections by Cardiopulmonary Nematodes in Central and Southern Italy
Di Cesare, A., Castagna, G., Meloni, S., Milillo, P., Latrofa, S., Otranto, D., & Traversa, D. (2011) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2405-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Schnyder, M., & Deplazes, P. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-258 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Latrofa, M. S., Montarsi, F., Ciocchetta, S., Annoscia, G., Dantas-Torres, F., Ravagnan, S., Capelli, G., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-76 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The Complexity of Zoonotic Filariasis Episystem and Its Consequences: A Multidisciplinary View
Simón, F., González-Miguel, J., Diosdado, A., Gómez, P. J., Morchón, R., & Kartashev, V. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/6436130 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Laidoudi, Y., Davoust, B., Varloud, M., Niang, E. H. A., Fenollar, F., & Mediannikov, O. (2020) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04185-0 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Feline heartworm disease: A'Rubik's-cube-like' diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Venco, L., Marchesotti, F., & Manzocchi, S. (2015) · Journal of Veterinary Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2015.08.004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationTraversa, D., Aste, G., Milillo, P., Capelli, G., Pampurini, F., Tunesi, C., Santori, D., Paoletti, B., & Boari, A. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.034 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of species of filarioids infesting dogs
Latrofa, M. S., Weigl, S., Dantas-Torres, F., Annoscia, G., Traversa, D., Brianti, E., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for selected canine vector-borne diseases in Greece
Angelou, A., Gelasakis, A. I., Verde, N., Pantchev, N., Schaper, R., Chandrashekar, R., & Papadopoulos, E. (2019) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3543-3 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Genchi, C., Bowman, D., & Drake, J. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-206 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationFilarioid infections in wild carnivores: a multispecies survey in Romania
Ionică, A. M., Matei, I. A., D’Amico, G., Ababii, J., Daskalaki, A. A., Sándor, A. D., Enache, D. V., Gherman, C. M., & Mihalca, A. D. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2269-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Survey of canine dirofilariasis in Vojvodina, Serbia
Tasić, A., Rossi, L., Tasić, S., Miladinović-Tasić, N., Ilić, T., & Dimitrijević, S. (2008) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-008-1132-z · Cited by 67 · see citing works
BRIANTI, E., GAGLIO, G., NAPOLI, E., GIANNETTO, S., DANTAS-TORRES, F., BAIN, O., & OTRANTO, D. (2012) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182011002198 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
First molecular identification of mosquito vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in continental Portugal
Ferreira, C. A. C., de Pinho Mixão, V., Novo, M. T. L. M., Calado, M. M. P., Gonçalves, L. A. P., Belo, S. M. D., & de Almeida, A. P. G. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0760-2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Evidences of increasing risk of dirofilarioses in southern Italy
Giangaspero, A., Marangi, M., Latrofa, M. S., Martinelli, D., Traversa, D., Otranto, D., & Genchi, C. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3206-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMovilla, R., García, C., Siebert, S., & Roura, X. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1686-z · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece
Diakou, A., Kapantaidakis, E., Tamvakis, A., Giannakis, V., & Strus, N. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1797-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The current situation of canine dirofilariosis in Hungary
Farkas, R., Mag, V., Gyurkovszky, M., Takács, N., Vörös, K., & Solymosi, N. (2020) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06478-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
González-Miguel, J., Morchón, R., Mellado, I., Carretón, E., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., & Simón, F. (2012) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.10.010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Prevalence of canine heartworm ( <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> ) disease in dogs of central Portugal
Vieira, A. L., Vieira, M. J., Oliveira, J. M., Simões, A. R., Diez-Baños, P., & Gestal, J. (2014) · Parasite · doi:10.1051/parasite/2014003 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dirofilarioses in cats: European guidelines from the ABCD on prevention and management
Pennisi, M. G., Tasker, S., Hartmann, K., Belák, S., Addie, D., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Egberink, H., Frymus, T., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Hosie, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1177/1098612x20917601 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes
Traversa, D. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-59 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Seroprevalence of some vector-borne infections of dogs in Hungary
Farkas, R., Gyurkovszky, M., Lukács, Z., Aladics, B., & Solymosi, N. (2014) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.1469 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens as the potential vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in Central Turkey
Yildirim, A., Inci, A., Duzlu, O., Biskin, Z., Ica, A., & Sahin, I. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.023 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Slovakia
Bocková, E., Rudolf, I., Kočišová, A., Betášová, L., Venclíková, K., Mendel, J., & Hubálek, Z. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3526-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Latrofa, M. S., Dantas-Torres, F., Annoscia, G., Genchi, M., Traversa, D., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.038 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Maia, C., Ramos, C., Coimbra, M., Cardoso, L., & Campino, L. (2015) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2014.11.006 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Prevalence and seasonal variations of canine dirofilariosis in Portugal
Alho, A. M., Landum, M., Ferreira, C., Meireles, J., Gonçalves, L., de Carvalho, L. M., & Belo, S. (2014) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs
Ionică, A. M., Matei, I. A., D’Amico, G., Bel, L. V., Dumitrache, M. O., Modrý, D., & Mihalca, A. D. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2055-2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Role of golden jackals (Canis aureus) as natural reservoirs of Dirofilaria spp. in Romania
Ionică, A. M., Matei, I. A., D’Amico, G., Daskalaki, A. A., Juránková, J., Ionescu, D. T., Mihalca, A. D., Modrý, D., & Gherman, C. M. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1524-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Oleaga, A., Pérez-Sánchez, R., Pagés, E., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., & Simón, F. (2009) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.03.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tahir, D., Bittar, F., Barré-Cardi, H., Sow, D., Dahmani, M., Mediannikov, O., Raoult, D., Davoust, B., & Parola, P. (2017) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Savadelis, M. D., Ohmes, C. M., Hostetler, J. A., Settje, T. L., Zolynas, R., Dzimianski, M. T., & Moorhead, A. R. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2190-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zoonotic intestinal parasites and vector-borne pathogens in Italian shelter and kennel dogs
Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A., Simonato, G., Cassini, R., Merola, C., Diakou, A., Halos, L., Beugnet, F., & Frangipane di Regalbono, A. (2017) · Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2017.04.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Diakou, A., Soubasis, N., Chochlios, T., Oikonomidis, I. L., Tselekis, D., Koutinas, C., Karaiosif, R., Psaralexi, E., Tsouloufi, T. K., Brellou, G., et al. (2019) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6135-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION OF VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS IN RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES) FROM SOUTHERN FRANCE
Medkour, H., Laidoudi, Y., Marié, J.-L., Fenollar, F., Davoust, B., & Mediannikov, O. (2020) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/2019-09-234 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vieira, L., Silvestre-Ferreira, A. C., Fontes-Sousa, A. P., Balreira, A. C., Morchón, R., Carretón, E., Vilhena, H., Simón, F., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x14000352 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Seroepidemiological survey of human exposure to Dirofilaria spp. in Romania and Moldova
Ciuca, L., Simòn, F., Rinaldi, L., Kramer, L., Genchi, M., Cringoli, G., Acatrinei, D., Miron, L., & Morchon, R. (2018) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.012 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst report of a naturally patent infection with Dirofilaria immitis in an otter (Lutra lutra)
Penezić, A., Moriano, R., Spasić, M., & Ćirović, D. (2018) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-018-5769-y · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cutaneous distribution and localization of Cercopithifilaria sp. microfilariae in dogs
Otranto, D., Brianti, E., Abramo, F., Gaglio, G., Napoli, E., Latrofa, M. S., Ramos, R. A., Dantas-Torres, F., & Bain, O. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.016 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Carretón, E., Simón, L., González-Miguel, J., García-Guasch, L., Morchón, R., & Simón, F. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.025 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of Dirofilaria spp. circulating in Portugal
Ferreira, C., Afonso, A., Calado, M., Maurício, I., Alho, A. M., Meireles, J., Madeira de Carvalho, L., & Belo, S. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2180-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zoonotic<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>infections in a province of Northern Spain
MORCHÓN, R., MOYA, I., GONZÁLEZ-MIGUEL, J., MONTOYA, M. N., & SIMÓN, F. (2010) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268809990434 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neves, M., Lopes, A. P., Martins, C., Fino, R., Paixão, C., Damil, L., Lima, C., Alho, A. M., Schallig, H. D. F. H., Dubey, J. P., et al. (2020) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3988-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A cardiac and subcutaneous canine dirofilariosis outbreak in a kennel in central France
Laidoudi, Y., Ringot, D., Watier-Grillot, S., Davoust, B., & Mediannikov, O. (2019) · Parasite · doi:10.1051/parasite/2019073 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Evaluation of a new in-clinic method for the detection of canine heartworm antigen
Lee, A. C. Y., Bowman, D. D., Lucio-Forster, A., Beall, M. J., Liotta, J. L., & Dillon, R. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.050 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Maia, C., Coimbra, M., Ramos, C., Cristóvão, J., Cardoso, L., & Campino, L. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0771-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Morchón, R., Carretón, E., Grandi, G., González-Miguel, J., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Simón, F., Genchi, C., & Kramer, L. H. (2012) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0211 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationRetrospective study on the distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Hungary
Bacsadi, Á., Papp, A., Szeredi, L., Tóth, G., Nemes, C., Imre, V., Tolnai, Z., Széll, Z., & Sréter, T. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Thanchomnang, T., Intapan, P. M., Lulitanond, V., Sangmaneedet, S., Chungpivat, S., Taweethavonsawat, P., Choochote, W., & Maleewong, W. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
García-Guasch, L., Caro-Vadillo, A., Manubens-Grau, J., Carretón, E., Morchón, R., Simón, F., Kramer, L. H., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2013) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.060 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationColombo, M., Morelli, S., Simonato, G., Di Cesare, A., Veronesi, F., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Grassi, L., Russi, I., Tiscar, P. G., Morganti, G., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10050507 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Montoya-Alonso, J. A., Carretón, E., García-Guasch, L., Expósito, J., Armario, B., Morchón, R., & Simón, F. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0506-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from Corsica Island, France
Younes, L., Barré-Cardi, H., Bedjaoui, S., Ayhan, N., Varloud, M., Mediannikov, O., Otranto, D., & Davoust, B. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04931-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Canine dirofilariosis endemic in Central Europe—10 years of epidemiological study in Slovakia
Miterpáková, M., Iglódyová, A., Čabanová, V., Stloukal, E., & Miklisová, D. (2016) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-016-4989-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Traversa, D., Aste, G., Di Cesare, A., Paoletti, B., Di Tommaso, M., Di Giulio, E., Pampurini, F., Tunesi, C., & Boari, A. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hattendorf, C., & Lühken, R. (2025) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-025-01328-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Retrospective evaluation of vector-borne pathogens in cats living in Germany (2012–2020)
Schäfer, I., Kohn, B., Volkmann, M., & Müller, E. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04628-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum: the contemporaneous detection in kennels
Del Prete, L., Maurelli, M. P., Pennacchio, S., Bosco, A., Musella, V., Ciuca, L., Cringoli, G., & Rinaldi, L. (2015) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0619-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ocular dirofilariosis by <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> in a dog: first case report from Europe
Dantas‐Torres, F., Lia, R. P., Barbuto, M., Casiraghi, M., Crovace, A., Caligiani, L., Genchi, C., & Otranto, D. (2009) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00846.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman and Animal Dirofilariasis in Southeast of France
Laidoudi, Y., Otranto, D., Stolowy, N., Amrane, S., Santhakumari Manoj, R. R., Polette, L., Watier-Grillot, S., Mediannikov, O., Davoust, B., & L'Ollivier, C. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9071544 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Stoyanova, H., Carretón, E., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2019) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2019-0033 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
First report on clinical feline heartworm ( <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> ) infection in Romania
Pană, D., Rădulescu, A., Mitrea, I. L., & Ionita, M. (2020) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2020-0009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Baker, C. F., Tielemans, E., Pollmeier, M. G., McCall, J. W., McCall, S. D., Irwin, J., Chester, S. T., Carithers, D. S., & Rosentel, J. K. (2014) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.039 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent status of canine dirofilariosis in an endemic area of western Spain
Diosdado, A., Gómez, P. J., González-Miguel, J., Simón, F., & Morchón, R. (2018) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x17000591 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
González-Miguel, J., Morchón, R., Siles-Lucas, M., Oleaga, A., & Simón, F. (2010) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.06.013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Simultaneous Exposure to Angiostrongylus vasorum and Vector-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Italy
Morelli, S., Gori, F., Colombo, M., Traversa, D., Sarrocco, G., Simonato, G., Nespeca, C., Di Cesare, A., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Veronesi, F., et al. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10091200 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Villanueva-saz, S., Giner, J., Verde, M., Yzuel, A., González, A., Lacasta, D., Marteles, D., & Fernández, A. (2021) · Veterinary Parasitology Regional Studies and Reports · doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100541 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Atkinson, P. J., Stevenson, M., O'Handley, R., Nielsen, T., & Caraguel, C. G. B. (2024) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.02.001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Santoro, M., Miletti, G., Vangone, L., Spadari, L., Reccia, S., & Fusco, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00270 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Panayotova-Pencheva, M., Šnábel, V., Dakova, V., Čabanová, V., Cavallero, S., Trifonova, A., Mirchev, R., Hurníková, Z., Vasilková, Z., & Miterpáková, M. (2020) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2020-0026 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
First report of heartworm ( <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> ) infection in an imported dog in Lithuania
Sabūnas, V., Radzijevskaja, J., Sakalauskas, P., & Paulauskas, A. (2019) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2018-0036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Genchi, M., Venco, L., Melideo, O., Kramer, L., Fozzer, M., & Vismarra, A. (2025) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-025-07059-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tonev, A. S., Kirkova, Z., Iliev, P. T., Roussenov, A., Chaprazov, T., Roydev, R., & Pirovski, N. (2021) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/helm-2021-0005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Alho, A. M., Giannelli, A., Colella, V., Otranto, D., de Carvalho, L. M., & Correia, J. J. (2016) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.249.7.751 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dini, F. M., Musto, C., Brogi, R., Moroni, B., Fiorentini, L., Bassi, P., Bianchi, A., Pupillo, G., Tedesco, P., Donato, A. D., et al. (2026) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.06.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Laidoudi, Y., Medkour, H., Tahir, D., Dahmana, H., Marié, J.-L., Varloud, M., Mediannikov, O., & Davoust, B. (2021) · Parasitologia · doi:10.3390/parasitologia1030014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- McCall, J. W., Genchi, C., Kramer, L. H., Guerrero, J., & Venco, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Parma (IT)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 66
- Pages
- 193-285
- ISSN
- 0065-308X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1494995468
- Cited by
- 609
- References
- 258
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 95.83
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm disease, feline heartworm disease, Dirofilaria repens, Wolbachia endosymbiont, mosquito vectors, heartworm prevention, tetracycline antibiotics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Ferrets, Filaricides, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Male, Symbiosis, Wolbachia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
