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Differing structural requirements for GTPase-activating protein responsiveness and NADPH oxidase activation by Rac.
Abstract
The Rac GTP-binding proteins regulate the actin cytoskeleton and the superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase of phagocytic leukocytes. These functions of Rac are determined by the GTP/GDP state of the protein, which can be modulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The interaction of Ras with both downstream signaling targets and GAPs is mediated via an "effector" domain (amino acids 30-40). We demonstrate that the effector domain of Rac2 is required for both NADPH oxidase activation and actin assembly, but that mutations in this region do not decrease the responsiveness of Rac to GAPs. In contrast, mutations of residues 12 (Gly-->Val) or 61 (Gln-->Leu) inhibit both intrinsic- and GAP-stimulated GTP hydrolysis by Rac2. A double mutation in which both the effector domain and Q61L were modified restored NADPH oxidase activation and membrane ruffling, while the equivalent effector domain and G12V double mutation did not. The Rac2 Q61L mutant had an increased "affinity" for NADPH oxidase activation and for GAP binding as compared to the wild type or G12V proteins. These experiments suggest that Rac contains at least two "effector" interaction sites, and that changes in binding interactions at one of these sites may influence the function of the other.
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“Rac GTPases play an essential role in generating superoxide via NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system in vitro.”
From Biochemical and Biological Characterization of a Human Rac2 GTPase Mutant Associated with Phagocytic Immunodeficiency (2001) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Both Rac1 and Rac2 have been demonstrated to be involved in assembly and activation of the NADPH-dependent respiratory burst oxidase (40,41).”
From Biochemical and Biological Characterization of a Human Rac2 GTPase Mutant Associated with Phagocytic Immunodeficiency (2001) · cites this paper as [41]
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Bokoch, G. M., & Diebold, B. A. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1149 · Cited by 336
Self-citationMolecular basis for Rac2 regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase
Diebold, B. A., & Bokoch, G. M. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/85259 · Cited by 318
Structure of the TPR Domain of p67phox in Complex with Rac·GTP
Lapouge, K., Smith, S. J. M., Walker, P. A., Gamblin, S. J., Smerdon, S. J., & Rittinger, K. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(05)00091-2 · Cited by 311
Antagonism of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase
Rogatsky, I., Logan, S. K., & Garabedian, M. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2050 · Cited by 297
Li, X., Bu, X., Lu, B., Avraham, H., Flavell, R. A., & Lim, B. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.4.1158-1171.2002 · Cited by 153
Gu, Y., Jia, B., Yang, F.-C., D'Souza, M., Harris, C. E., Derrow, C. W., Zheng, Y., & Williams, D. A. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m010445200 · Cited by 100
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, X., Barry, D. C., Settleman, J., Schwartz, M. A., & Bokoch, G. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-09
- Volume
- 269
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 23569-23574
- ISSN
- 0021-9258
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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