Molecular basis for Rac2 regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase
Abstract
A Rac GTPase-regulated multiprotein NADPH oxidase is critical for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytic leukocytes and other nonphagocytic cells. NADPH oxidase reduces molecular oxygen to form superoxide anion in a two-step process. Electrons are initially transferred from NADPH to cytochrome b-associated FAD, then to cytochrome b heme and finally to molecular oxygen. We show here that Rac is required for both electron-transfer reactions. Mutational and biophysical analysis shows that Rac and p67phox independently regulate cytochrome b to catalyze the transfer of electrons from NADPH to FAD. However, they must interact with each other to induce the subsequent transfer of electrons from FAD to cytochrome b heme and molecular oxygen. This two-step model of regulation by Rac GTPase may provide a means of more effectively controlling the inflammatory responses of phagocytic leukocytes.
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The activity of phagocytic NOX is regulated by the membrane translocation of cytosolic subunits.
“Thus, the activity of phagocytic NOX is regulated by the membrane translocation of these cytosolic subunits.”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Diebold, B. A., & Bokoch, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bokoch, Gary M.
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-215
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W1598564250
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-48008, R01HL048008)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000833, M0-1RR00833)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- NADPH oxidase, phagocytes, reactive oxygen species, superoxide, cytochrome b, p67phox, electron transfer, FAD, superoxide dismutase, inflammation, GTPase regulation
- MeSH terms
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein, Animals, Cytochrome b Group, Electron Transport, Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide, NADP, Phagocytes, Phosphoproteins, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Reactive Oxygen Species, Protein Structure, Tertiary, NADPH Oxidases, rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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