Precocious puberty after traumatic brain injury
Abstract
After traumatic brain injuries in 33 prepubertal children, precocious puberty was observed in seven. Precocious puberty developed significantly more frequently in girls than in boys (54.5 versus 4.5%, P less than 0.01). Six children with precocious puberty were in coma for greater than or equal to 2 weeks. Follow-up computed tomography revealed cerebral atrophy or focal encephalomalacia in all children with and 69% of children without precocious puberty. There were no striking differences in incidence of motor or cognitive deficits or posttraumatic epilepsy in children with and without precocious puberty. In four of five children, basal sex steroid levels were elevated, and the response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulation revealed a pubertal pattern after the appearance of secondary sex characteristics.
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Sockalosky et al. reported CPP onset occurring at mean intervals ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 years post-injury.
“Similarly, Sockalosky et al. reported CPP onset occurring at mean intervals ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 years post-injury [44].”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
Similar transient alterations in thyroid function were also described by Casano-Sancho and Kaulfers.
“Similar transient alterations in thyroid function were also described by Casano-Sancho and Kaulfers [16,44].”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
Kaulfers et al. observed a high prevalence of central hypothyroidism in their cohort, with 46% of patients showing a low TSH response and fT4 levels in the lower part of the normal range.
“Kaulfers et al. observed a high prevalence of central hypothyroidism in their cohort, with 46% of patients showing a low TSH response and fT4 levels in the lower part of the normal range [44].”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
One patient with a low basal cortisol (3.3 μg/dL) had a normal stimulated value (26.3 μg/dL), while another with normal baseline (11.9 μg/dL) showed a borderline response (18.1 μg/dL).
“For instance, one patient with a low basal cortisol (3.3 µg/dL) had a normal stimulated value (26.3 µg/dL), while another with normal baseline (11.9 µg/dL) showed a borderline response (18.1 µg/dL) [44].”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
Kaulfers et al. reported no cases of low morning cortisol within six months post-injury, using stringent diagnostic criteria (cortisol <5 μg/dL).
“Kaulfers et al. reported no cases of low morning cortisol within six months post-injury, using stringent diagnostic criteria (cortisol <5 µg/dL).”
From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Sockalosky, J. J., Kriel, R. L., Krach, L. E., & Sheehan, M.
- Affiliations
- Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sockalosky, Joseph J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-03
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 373-377
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036587218
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- precocious puberty, traumatic brain injury, prepubertal children, sex differences, coma duration, brain atrophy, encephalomalacia, post-traumatic epilepsy, motor and cognitive deficits
- MeSH terms
- Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Coma, Diabetes Insipidus, Female, Hormones, Humans, Infant, Male, Menarche, Motor Skills, Puberty, Precocious, Sex Factors
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