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Cited by 28Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Measurement of height velocity is an useful marker for monitoring pituitary function in patients who had traumatic brain injury

Bellone, S., Einaudi, S., Caputo, M., Prodam, F., Busti, A., Belcastro, S., Parlamento, S., Zavattaro, M. +6 more·2013·Pituitary
DOI 10.1007/s11102-012-0446-0
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Abstract

To assess the incidence of abnormal neuroendocrine function post-traumatic brain injuriy (TBI) in a large group of paediatric patients and its correlations with clinical parameters (Glasgow coma scale-GCS, Glasgow outcome scale-GOS, TC marshall scale, height velocity). We evaluated 70 patients [58 M, 12 F; age at the time of TBI (mean ± SEM) 8.12 ± 4.23 years] previously hospitalized for TBI at the "Regina Margherita" Hospital, in Turin and "Maggiore della Carità Hospital" in Novara, Italy, between 1998 and 2008. All patients included underwent: auxological, clinical, hormonal and biochemical assessments at recall (after at least 1 year from TBI to T0); auxological visit after 6 months (T6) and hormonal assessments at 12 months (T12) in patients with height velocity (HV) below the 25th centile. At T0, 4 cases of hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction had been diagnosed; At T6 20/70 patients had an HV <25th centile, but no one had HV < the 3rd centile limit. At T12, among the 20 patients with HV <25th centile, in 13 patients the HV was below the 25th centile and GHRH + Arginine test has been performed. Four subjects demonstrated an impaired GH peak and were classified as GH deficiency (GHD). Of these 4 subjects, 3 subjects showed isolated GHD, while one patient showed multiple hypopituitarism presenting also secondary hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism. The GCS at admission and GOS do not correlate with the onset of hypopituitarism. A simple measurement of the height velocity at least 1 year after the TBI, is enough to recognize patients with a pituitary impairment related to GH deficiency. We suggest to follow-up paediatric population who had TBI with auxological evaluations every 6 months, limiting hormonal evaluation in patients with a reduction of height velocity below the 25th centile limit.

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  • Cross-sectional studies documented 16%-61% prevalence of hypopituitarism at 1-5 years after injury in children.

    “Cross-sectional studies documented 16%–61% prevalence of hypopituitarism at 1–5 years after injury [23,34,37,38,39,40,41,42,43].”

    From Update of Endocrine Dysfunction following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (2015) · cites this paper as [42]

  • In 70 children evaluated 1 to 9.1 years after TBI, one had TSH deficiency associated with panhypopituitarism.

    “In 70 children evaluated 1 to 9.1 years after TBI, one had TSH deficiency associated with panhypopituitarism [42].”

    From Update of Endocrine Dysfunction following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (2015) · cites this paper as [42]

  • Overall at one year after TBI, seven patients had one deficiency or multiple hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (10%).

    “Overall at one year after TBI, seven patients had one deficiency or multiple hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (10%) [42].”

    From Update of Endocrine Dysfunction following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (2015) · cites this paper as [42]

  • Personnier et al. observed central hypothyroidism in six of 87 children assessed at a mean interval of 9.5 ± 3.4 months post-injury.

    “Personnier et al. observed central hypothyroidism in six of 87 children assessed at a mean interval of 9.5 ± 3.4 months post-injury [58,59].”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [58]

  • Bellone et al. identified a case of TSH deficiency associated with panhypopituitarism among 70 pediatric patients evaluated 1 to 9.1 years after TBI.

    “Furthermore, Bellone et al. identified a case of TSH deficiency associated with panhypopituitarism among 70 pediatric patients evaluated 1 to 9.1 years after TBI”

    From Endocrine Dysfunctions After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Present Insights and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [58]

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Authors
Bellone, S., Einaudi, S., Caputo, M., Prodam, F., Busti, A., Belcastro, S., Parlamento, S., Zavattaro, M., Verna, F., Bondone, C., Tessaris, D., Gasco, V., Bona, G., & Aimaretti, G.
Affiliations
  • Ospedale Regina Margherita (IT)
  • Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
  • University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author
Aimaretti, G.
ORCID
Venue
Pituitary
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-11-23
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
499-506
ISSN
  • 1386-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7403
DOI
10.1007/s11102-012-0446-0
OpenAlex
W2038415709
Cited by
28
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 3
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Pituitary (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, height velocity, growth hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism, pediatric patients, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, GHRH-arginine test, growth hormone, hypothyroidism
MeSH terms
Body Height, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Pituitary Gland, Prospective Studies, Growth Hormone

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