The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frequency and the conference of referential validity
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, repeating myths might contribute to increasing their acceptance due to their perceived familiarity [22, 23, 24].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Familiarity appears as a key determinant of this effect; indeed, when something seems familiar is easier to process and one is more inclined to believe it [24], regardless of whether the statement is factually true or false [22, 47] or was initially rated as credible or questionable [48].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“This happens, at least partly, because people tend to mistake repetition for truth, a phenomenon known as the “illusory truth” effect [22, 23].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
The abstraction of linguistic ideas
Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1971) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(71)90019-3 · Cited by 1,281
Melton, A. W. (1964) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-12392-6 · Cited by 985
Melton, A. W. (1964) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 501
Wortman, C. B., Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421418 · Cited by 428
The cognitive side of probability learning.
Estes, W. K. (1976) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.83.1.37 · Cited by 326
A frequency theory of verbal-discrimination learning.
Ekstrand, B. R., Wallace, W. P., & Underwood, B. J. (1966) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0023876 · Cited by 261
Communication and Affect: Language and Thought
Pliner, P. P., Krames, L., Alloway, T. M., & Craik, F. I. M. (1973) · Cited by 239
Psychological probability as a function of experienced frequency.
Attneave, F. (1953) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057955 · Cited by 197
Effects of "mere exposure" on learning and affect.
Stang, D. J. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076165 · Cited by 158
Apparent frequency as a function of frequency and the spacing of repetitions.
Hintzman, D. L. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027133 · Cited by 141
Retention of frequency information with observations on recognition and recall.
Underwood, B. J., Zimmerman, J., & Freund, J. S. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030544 · Cited by 75
Orne, M. T. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-558250-6.50014-6 · Cited by 72
The subjective estimation of relative word frequency
Shapiro, B. J. (1969) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(69)80070-8 · Cited by 49
The effect of stimulus uncertainty on the relationship between frequency of exposure and liking.
Smith, G. F., & Dorfman, D. D. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076174 · Cited by 39
Frequency Judgments for the 'Gist' of Sentences
Gude, C., & Zechmeister, E. B. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421769 · Cited by 20
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Dimensions of Consumer Expertise
Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209080 · Cited by 4,375
Processing Fluency and Aesthetic Pleasure: Is Beauty in the Perceiver's Processing Experience?
Reber, R., Schwarz, N., & Winkielman, P. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3 · Cited by 3,149
Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100612451018 · Cited by 2,920
Automatic and effortful processes in memory.
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.3.356 · Cited by 2,812
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Villanova University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hasher, Lynn
- ORCID
- Toppino, Thomas
- Venue
- Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-112
- ISSN
- 0022-5371 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034532433
- Cited by
- 920
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- frequency of occurrence, confidence ratings
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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