Facial expression recognition in Williams syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) excel in face recognition and show both a remarkable concern for social stimuli and a linguistic capacity for, in particular, emotionally referenced language. The animated full facial expression comprehension test (AFFECT), a new test of emotional expression perception, was used to compare participants with WS with both chronological and mental age-matched controls. It was found that expression recognition in WS was worse than that of chronologically age-matched controls but indistinguishable from that of mental age controls. Different processing strategies are thought to underlie the similar performance of individuals with WS and mental age controls. The expression recognition performance of individuals with WS did not correlate with age, but was instead found to correlate with IQ. This is compared to earlier findings, replicated here, that face recognition performance on the Benton test correlates with age and not IQ. The results of the Benton test have been explained in terms of individuals with WS being good at face recognition; since a piecemeal strategy can be used, this strategy is improved with practice which would explain the correlation with age. We propose that poor expression recognition of the individuals with WS is due to a lack of configural ability since changes in the configuration of the face are an important part of expressions. Furthermore, these reduced configural abilities may be due to abnormal neuronal development and are thus fixed from an early age.
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Individuals with Williams syndrome show deficits in social understanding, as evidenced by difficulty identifying affect or other's mental states.
“In addition, affected individuals show deficits in social understanding, as evidenced by difficulty identifying affect (Gagliardi et al., 2003; Plesa-Skwerer et al., 2006) or other’s mental states (Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2008).”
From Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gagliardi et al., 2003
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Attention allocation to facial expressions of emotion among persons with Williams and Down syndromes
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The use of emotions in narratives in Williams syndrome
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Behavioural features of Italian infants and young adults with Williams–Beuren syndrome
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Human Versus Non-Human Face Processing: Evidence from Williams Syndrome
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Emotion recognition in Down's syndrome adults: Neuropsychology approach
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Emotion Recognition as a Real Strength in Williams Syndrome: Evidence From a Dynamic Non-verbal Task
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Cognitive predictors of Social processing in congenital atypical development
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Social Vulnerability in Williams Syndrome
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- Authors
- Gagliardi, C., Frigerio, E., Burt, D. M., Cazzaniga, I., Perrett, D. I., & Borgatti, R.
- Affiliations
- IRCCS Eugenio Medea (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gagliardi, Chiara
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 733-738
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088106664
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- Williams syndrome, facial expression recognition, emotional expression perception, configural processing, mental age, IQ, face recognition (cognition), neuronal development, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Child, Child, Preschool, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Case-Control Studies, Williams Syndrome
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