Affiliative behavior in Williams syndrome: social perception and real-life social behavior
Open accessAbstract
A frequently noted but largely anecdotal behavioral observation in Williams syndrome (WS) is an increased tendency to approach strangers, yet the basis for this behavior remains unknown. We examined the relationship between affect identification ability and affiliative behavior in participants with WS relative to a neurotypical comparison group. We quantified social behavior from self-judgments of approachability for faces, and from parent/other evaluations of real life. Relative to typical individuals, participants with WS were perceived as more sociable by others, exhibited perceptual deficits in affect identification, and judged faces of strangers as more approachable. In WS, high self-rated willingness to approach strangers was correlated with poor affect identification ability, suggesting that these two findings may be causally related. We suggest that the real-life hypersociability in WS may arise at least in part from abnormal perceptual processing of other people's faces, rather than from an overall bias at the level of behavior. While this did not achieve statistical significance, it provides preliminary evidence to suggest that impaired social-perceptual ability may play a role in increased approachability in WS.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The speech of individuals with Williams syndrome is marked by high levels of socially engaging language compared to controls or individuals with other developmental disorders such as Down Syndrome.
“In addition, the speech of individuals with WS is marked by high levels of socially engaging language as compared to controls or individuals with other developmental disorders such as Down Syndrome (Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2010; Jarvinen et al., 2013).”
From Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2010
The social phenotype of Williams syndrome includes hypersociability, preference for novel social over non-social stimuli, and increased eye contact.
“The social phenotype associated with WS is striking due to the hypersociability of the affected individuals, as well as the preference for novel social over non-social stimuli (Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2008; Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2010) and increased eye contact (Mervis et al., 2003).”
From Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Jarvinen-Pasley et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., Veizel, K., & Zibulsky, J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 · Cited by 5,547 · see citing works
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Wechsler, D. (1999) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15170-000 · Cited by 4,681 · see citing works
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345 · see citing works
The Emotional Brain, Fear, and the Amygdala
LeDoux, J. (2003) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1025048802629 · Cited by 1,818 · see citing works
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour
Adolphs, R. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1056 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
Self-citationContributions to Neuropsychological Assessment
Sarazin, F. (1996) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Hemizygosity at the elastin locus in a developmental disorder, Williams syndrome
Ewart, A. K., Morris, C. A., Atkinson, D., Jin, W., Sternes, K., Spallone, P., Stock, A. D., Leppert, M., & Keating, M. T. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0993-11 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
The human amygdala in social judgment
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30982 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, J. C. P., Barratt‐Boyes, B. G., & Lowe, J. B. (1961) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.24.6.1311 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
The Human Amygdala in Social Judgment
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., & Damásio, A. R. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0027 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
Self-citationContributions to Neuropsychological Assessment
Greene, J. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.59.3.346 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Nowicki, S., & Duke, M. P. (1994) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf02169077 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
I. The Neurocognitive Profile of Williams Syndrome: A Complex Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses
Bellugi, U., Lichtenberger, L., Jones, W., Lai, Z. C., & George, M. S. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900561959 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Self-citationII. Hypersociability in Williams Syndrome
Jones, W., Bellugi, U., Lai, Z., Chiles, M., Reilly, J., Lincoln, A., & Adolphs, R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900561968 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationMartens, M. A., Wilson, S. J., & Reutens, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01887.x · Cited by 479 · see citing works
The Williams Syndrome Cognitive Profile
Mervis, C. Β., Robinson, B. F., Bertrand, J., Morris, C. A., Klein-Tasman, B., & Armstrong, S. C. (2000) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.2000.1232 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mervis, C. B., & Faith Berman, K. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1906 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Prefrontal Cortical Networks Related to Visceral Function and Mood
Price, J. L. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09278.x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Viewing it differently: social scene perception in Williams syndrome and autism
Riby, D. M., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.003 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
A cognitive and behavioural phenotype in williams syndrome
Udwin, O., & Yule, W. (1991) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639108401040 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Neural correlates of genetically abnormal social cognition in Williams syndrome
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Hariri, A. R., Munoz, K. E., Mervis, C. B., Mattay, V. S., Morris, C. A., & Berman, K. F. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1494 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 4 to 16‐year‐olds with Williams syndrome
Leyfer, O. T., Woodruff‐Borden, J., Klein‐Tasman, B. P., Fricke, J. S., & Mervis, C. B. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30344 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Beuren, A. J., Schulze, C., Eberlé, P., Harmjanz, D., & Apitz, J. (1964) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(64)90154-7 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (wisc-iii)
Woolger, C. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1185-4_11 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
“Everybody in the world is my friend” hypersociability in young children with Williams syndrome
Doyle, T. F., Bellugi, U., Korenberg, J. R., & Graham, J. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20416 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal Cortical Complexity and Thickness Profiles Mapped in Williams Syndrome
Thompson, P. M., Lee, A. D., Dutton, R. A., Geaga, J. A., Hayashi, K. M., Eckert, M. A., Bellugi, U., Galaburda, A. M., Korenberg, J. R., Mills, D. L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0165-05.2005 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety, Fears, and Phobias in Persons With Williams Syndrome
Dykens, E. M. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2003.9651896 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
VI. Genome structure and cognitive map of Williams syndrome
Korenberg, J. R., Chen, X.-N., Hirota, H., Lai, Z., Bellugi, U., Burian, D., Roe, B., & Matsuoka, R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562002 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Experiment of Nature: Brain Anatomy Parallels Cognition and Behavior in Williams Syndrome
Reiss, A. L., Eckert, M. A., Rose, F. E., Karchemskiy, A., Kesler, S. R., Chang, M., Reynolds-May, M. F., Kwon, H., & Galaburda, A. M. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5272-03.2004 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationRiby, D. M., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0641-z · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Williams Syndrome and Related Disorders
Morris, C. A., & Mervis, C. Β. (2000) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.461 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The neuropsychological basis of hypersociability in Williams and Down syndrome
Porter, M. A., Coltheart, M., & Langdon, R. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Distinctive Personality Characteristics of 8-, 9-, and 10-Year-Olds With Williams Syndrome
Klein-Tasman, B., & Mervis, C. Β. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2003.9651895 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Towards the neural basis for hypersociability in a genetic syndrome
Bellugi, U., Adolphs, R., Cassady, C., & Chiles, M. (1999) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199906030-00006 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationAtkinson, J., Braddick, O., Anker, S., Curran, W., Andrew, R. L., Wattam-Bell, J., & Braddick, F. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2003.9651890 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Gosch, A., & Pankau, R. (1997) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07481.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Järvinen-Pasley, A., Bellugi, U., Reilly, J., MILLS, D. L., Galaburda, A., Reiss, A. L., & Korenberg, J. R. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000011 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationMervis, C. B., Morris, C. A., Klein-Tasman, B. P., Bertrand, J., Kwitny, S., Appelbaum, L. G., & Rice, C. E. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2003.9651894 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Is everybody always my friend? Perception of approachability in Williams syndrome
Frigerio, E., Burt, D. M., Gagliardi, C., Cioffi, G., Martelli, S., Perrett, D. I., & Borgatti, R. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.008 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition (WISC-III)
Kamphaus, R. W. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29149-9_8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Expressive language of children with Williams syndrome
Udwin, O., & Yule, W. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320370620 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cognitive Functioning in Adults with Williams Syndrome
Howlin, P., Davies, M., & Udwin, O. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00312 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Facial expression recognition in Williams syndrome
Gagliardi, C., Frigerio, E., Burt, D. M., Cazzaniga, I., Perrett, D. I., & Borgatti, R. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00178-1 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Anxiety, Fears, and Phobias in Persons With Williams Syndrome
Dykens, E. M. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn231&2_13 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Distinctive Personality Characteristics of 8-, 9-, and 10-Year-Olds With Williams Syndrome
Klein-Tasman, B., & Mervis, C. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn231&2_12 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Social‐emotional and behavioral adjustment in children with Williams‐Beuren syndrome
Gosch, A., & Pankau, R. (1994) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320530406 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Haas, B. W., Mills, D. L., Yam, A., Hoeft, F., Bellugi, U., & Reiss, A. L. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5324-08.2009 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceiving facial and vocal expressions of emotion in individuals with Williams syndrome
Plesa-Skwerer, D., Faja, S., Schofield, C., Verbalis, A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2006) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[15:pfaveo]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Frontostriatal deficits in fragile X syndrome: Relation to FMR1 gene expression
Menon, V., Leroux, J., White, C. D., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0304544101 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationApproachability and the amygdala: Insights from Williams syndrome
Martens, M. A., Wilson, S. J., Dudgeon, P., & Reutens, D. C. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.017 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
V. Multi-Level Analysis of Cortical Neuroanatomy in Williams Syndrome
Galaburda, A. M., & Bellugi, U. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900561995 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationMervis, C. Β., Morris, C. A., Klein-Tasman, B., Bertrand, J., Kwitny, S., Appelbaum, L. G., & Rice, C. E. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn231&2_11 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Response Inhibition in Williams Syndrome
Mobbs, D., Eckert, M. A., Mills, D. L., Korenberg, J. R., Bellugi, U., Galaburda, A. M., & Reiss, A. L. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.041 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationDuex, A., ERBACH, H. H., Hilger, H. H., Ley, M., Schaede, A., & Thurn, P. (1966) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03110250116033 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Anomalous brain activation during face and gaze processing in Williams syndrome
Mobbs, D., Garrett, A. S., Menon, V., Rose, F. E., Bellugi, U., & Reiss, A. L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000129536.95274.dc · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationAtkinson, J., Braddick, O., Anker, S., Curran, W., Andrew, R. L., Wattam-Bell, J., & Braddick, F. (2003) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn231&2_7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mental Retardation Related to Hypercalcaemia
von Arnim, G., & Engel, P. (1964) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1964.tb08138.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Cognitive Functioning in Adults with Williams Syndrome
Howlin, P., Davies, M., & Udwin, O. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963097001789 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Galaburda, A. M., Holinger, D. P., Bellugi, U., & Sherman, G. F. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.9.1461 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationTo modulate or not to modulate: Differing results in uniquely shaped Williams syndrome brains
Eckert, M. A., Tenforde, A. S., Galaburda, A. M., Bellugi, U., Korenberg, J. R., Mills, D. L., & Reiss, A. L. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.014 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial-perceptual abilities in adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome
Skwerer, D. P., Verbalis, A. D., Schofield, C. A., Faja, S., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2005) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290542000076 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Nature and nurture: Williams syndrome across cultures
Zitzer‐Comfort, C., Doyle, T. F., Masataka, N., Korenberg, J. R., & Bellugi, U. (2007) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00626.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationAffect, Social Behavior, and the Brain in Williams Syndrome
Bellugi, U., Järvinen‐Pasley, A., Doyle, T. F., Reilly, J. S., Reiss, A. L., & Korenberg, J. R. (2007) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00484.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationRiby, D. M., Doherty‐Sneddon, G., & Bruce, V. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800701779206 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Deutsch, S. I., Rosse, R. B., & Schwartz, B. L. (2007) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900015686 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Delehanty SG 1993 Thinking about feelings: Emotional development in the preschool years Unpublished PhD thesis University of California San Diego San Diego State University
- Ekman P Friesen WV 1978 Facial Action Coding System (FACS): A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Action Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists' Press
- Wechsler D 1997 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition (WAIS-III) San Antonio, TX Psychological Corporation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disorders
Kennedy, D. P., & Adolphs, R. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.006 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Self-citationThe social phenotype of Williams syndrome
Järvinen, A., Korenberg, J. R., & Bellugi, U. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.006 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationJawaid, A., Riby, D. M., Owens, J. W. M., White, S. W., Tarar, T. N., & Schulz, P. E. (2011) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01452.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders
Francis, S. M., Sagar, A., Levin-Decanini, T., Liu, W., Carter, C. S., & Jacob, S. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.021 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of social approach behaviour in Williams syndrome: The role of response inhibition
Little, K., Riby, D. M., Janes, E., Clark, F., Fleck, R., & Rodgers, J. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.11.020 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Binelli, C., Subirà, S., Batalla, A., Muñiz, A., Sugranyes, G., Crippa, J. A. S., Farré, M., Pérez‐Jurado, L. A., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.027 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fisher, M. H., Mello, M. P., & Dykens, E. M. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Disorders of attachment and social engagement related to deprivation
Zeanah, C. H., & Smyke, A. T. (2015) · Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/9781118381953.ch58 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Evaluation of a stranger safety training programme for adults with W illiams syndrome
Fisher, M. H. (2013) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12108 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Järvinen, A., Dering, B. R., Neumann, D., Ng, R., Crivelli, D., Grichanik, M., Korenberg, J. R., & Bellugi, U. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00343 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Cognitive Dynamics of the Evaluation of Trustworthiness in Williams Syndrome
Martens, M. A., Hasinski, A. E., Andridge, R., & Cunningham, W. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00160 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ng, R., Järvinen, A. M., & Bellugi, U. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.015 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationPerspectives on the dynamic development of cognitive capacities
Karmiloff‐Smith, A. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3283518130 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Williams Syndrome Social Phenotype
Thurman, A. J., & Fisher, M. H. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Life and Death of Immature Neurons in the Juvenile and Adult Primate Amygdala
Chareyron, L. J., Lavenex, P. B., Amaral, D. G., & Lavenex, P. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136691 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Järvinen, A. M., Ng, R., Crivelli, D., Neumann, D., Arnold, A. J., Woo‐VonHoogenstyn, N., Lai, P. T., Trauner, D. A., & Bellugi, U. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21335 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage and sociability: insights from Williams syndrome
Fishman, I., Yam, A., Bellugi, U., & Mills, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11689-011-9086-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationFisher, M. H., Josol, C. K., & Shivers, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04416-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lough, E., & Fisher, M. H. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2885-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hirai, M., Muramatsu, Y., Mizuno, S., Kurahashi, N., Kurahashi, H., & Nakamura, M. (2016) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-016-9172-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Key, A. P. F., & Dykens, E. M. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1130743 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shore, D. M., Ng, R., Bellugi, U., & Mills, D. L. (2017) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0528-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationFeatural versus configural face processing in a rare genetic disorder: Williams syndrome
Isaac, L., & Lincoln, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01426.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fu, T. J., Lincoln, A. J., Bellugi, U., & Searcy, Y. M. (2015) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-120.4.273 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationNg, R., Järvinen, A. M., & Bellugi, U. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationParent insights into atypicalities of social approach behaviour in Williams syndrome
Lough, E., Rodgers, J., Janes, E., Little, K., & Riby, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12279 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Järvinen, A. M., Ng, R., & Bellugi, U. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.012 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPeer Relationships in Children with Williams Syndrome: Parent and Teacher Insights
Gillooly, A. E., Riby, D. M., Durkin, K., & Rhodes, S. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04503-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A postmortem stereological study of the amygdala in Williams syndrome
Lew, C. H., Groeniger, K. M., Bellugi, U., Stefanacci, L., Schumann, C. M., & Semendeferi, K. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1592-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationRidley, E., Riby, D. M., & Leekam, S. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103604 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lew, C. H., Groeniger, K. M., Hanson, K. L., Cuevas, D., Greiner, D. M. Z., Hrvoj-Mihić, B., Bellugi, U., Schumann, C. M., & Semendeferi, K. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-019-0302-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFriendships in Children with Williams Syndrome: Parent and Child Perspectives
Gillooly, A. E., Riby, D. M., Durkin, K., & Rhodes, S. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05807-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Riby, D. M., & Porter, M. A. (2010) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374748-8.00005-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hanson, K. L., Lew, C. H., Hrvoj-Mihić, B., Groeniger, K. M., Halgren, E., Bellugi, U., & Semendeferi, K. (2017) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22554 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLateral preference in Williams–Beuren syndrome is associated with cognition and language
Pérez-García, D., Flores, R., Gasca, C. B. I., & Pérez‐Jurado, L. A. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0652-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fisher, M. H., Kammes, R. R., Black, R. S., Houck, K., & Cwiakala, K. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05501-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reasoning About Trust Among Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Ng, R., Fillet, P., DeWitt, M., Heyman, G. D., & Bellugi, U. (2015) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-120.6.527 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationHirai, M., Muramatsu, Y., Mizuno, S., Kurahashi, N., Kurahashi, H., & Nakamura, M. (2017) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-017-9190-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Järvinen, A. M., Ng, R., Crivelli, D., Arnold, A. J., Woo‐VonHoogenstyn, N., & Bellugi, U. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.035 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Vulnerability in Williams Syndrome
Riby, D. M., Ridley, E., Lough, E., & Hanley, M. (2017) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2017.05.001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Key, A. P. F., & Dykens, E. M. (2016) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12319 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Anxiety and autonomic response to social-affective stimuli in individuals with Williams syndrome
Ng, R., Bellugi, U., & Järvinen, A. M. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.08.017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBeccaria, J. P., Annan, C. A. P., Keifman, E., Murer, M. G., & Belforte, J. E. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1130-21.2021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ng, R., Brown, T. T., Järvinen, A. M., Erhart, M. J., Korenberg, J. R., Bellugi, U., & Halgren, E. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1057294 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationInsights on Social Behavior From Studying Williams Syndrome
Sampaio, A., Belsky, J., Soares, I., Mesquita, A. R., Osório, A., & Gonçalves, Ó. F. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12263 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hepburn, S., Fidler, D. J., Hahn, L. J., & Philofsky, A. (2011) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374478-4.00007-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
An Evolutionary Perspective on Dog Behavioral Genetics
Lord, K. A., Chen, F. L., & Karlsson, E. K. (2024) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-101954 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Profiles and Development of Adaptive Behavior in Adolescents and Adults with Williams Syndrome
Fu, T. J. (2014) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.7763/ijiet.2015.v5.640 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hirai, M., Muramatsu, Y., Mizuno, S., Kurahashi, N., Kurahashi, H., & Nakamura, M. (2016) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12318 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The role of social motivation in sharing and fairness: insights from Williams syndrome
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-024-09568-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fisher, M. H., Liffley, E., Black, R. S., & Kammes, R. R. (2025) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2025.2471281 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Information Processing in Williams Syndrome
Key, A. P. F., & Katzenstein, A. (2018) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2018.08.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Atypicalities of social functioning in children with Williams syndrome
Gillooly, A. E. (2018) · STAX · doi:10.48730/g4bh-av25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Binelli, C. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Disturbance of face memories in a case with Williams syndrome
Nakamichi, K., & Hosokawa, T. (2016) · Higher Brain Function Research · doi:10.2496/hbfr.36.440
Skwerer, D. P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74985-9_6
Fisher, M. H., Black, R. S., & Kammes, R. R. (2024) · Journal of Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1177/17446295241245783
Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Autism and Genetic Syndromes
Levin‐Decanini, T., Francis, S. M., Sagar, A., Liu, W., Carter, C. S., & Jacob, S. (2015) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2190-4_14
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944596
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944608
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944602
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944599
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944605
Hirai, M., Asada, K., Hanley, M., & Riby, D. M. (2026) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.70133
Integration of Multiple Social Cues in Williams Syndrome: Neural and Behavioral Evidence
Key, A. P. F., Jones, D., Roof, E., & Dykens, E. M. (2026) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2026.2709120
- Authors
- Järvinen-Pasley, A., Adolphs, R., Yam, A., Hill, K. J., Grichanik, M., Reilly, J., Mills, D., Reiss, A. L., Korenberg, J. R., & Bellugi, U.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Bangor University (GB)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2110-2119
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2881624
- OpenAlex
- W2019388783
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- Williams syndrome, affiliative behavior, hypersociability, social perception, face perception, approachability, social behavior, parent ratings
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Emotions, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Statistics as Topic, Williams Syndrome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
