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Effects of deprivation on hedonics and reinforcing value of food
Abstract
Eating is influenced by both the hedonic preferences and reinforcing value of food. Incentive salience theory predicts these are separate influences. This study tested whether hedonics reliably change as a function of increasing the reinforcing value of food by deprivation in 17 non-obese, non-dietary restrained females. Baseline measures of hedonics for pleasant (chocolate milk), unpleasant (lemon juice) and neutral (water) tastes were determined under deprived conditions. Participants were then randomly assigned to fed or maintained in deprived conditions, and after food consumption, a second determination of hedonics was obtained, followed by assessing the reinforcing value of food. Hedonics was measured by subjective ratings and behavioral observations in a taste reactivity paradigm. Results showed food was more reinforcing for the deprived than the fed group, but no influences of group were observed for the subjective or objective hedonic measures. These results suggest that hedonics and the reinforcing value of food are separate processes in humans, and they may independently influence eating behavior.
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“humans randomized to periods of caloric deprivation work longer on operant tasks to earn high-calorie snack foods and eat more snack foods than non-deprived controls”
From Caloric deprivation increases responsivity of attention and reward brain regions to intake, anticipated intake, and images of palatable foods (2013) · cites this paper as Epstein et al., 2003
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“(49) recently demonstrated that food deprivation increased the reinforcing properties of food (as measured by the amount of work performed to obtain food) but did not influence subjects’ hedonic evaluation of the food.”
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“1989), but an interesting recent study that attempted to separate reinforcing value from hedonic evaluation of food suggested that deprivation enhanced the reinforcing properties of foods without altering hedonic evaluations (Epstein et al. 2003).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Epstein, L. H., Truesdale, R., Wojcik, A., Paluch, R. A., & Raynor, H. A.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Epstein, Leonard H
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-227
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025315614
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD025997, HD-25997)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- food deprivation, incentive salience, taste reactivity, dietary habits, food reward, dietary restraint
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Eating, Female, Food, Food Deprivation, Food Preferences, Humans, Philosophy, Reinforcement, Psychology, Taste
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