Cited by 2,633University-Industry-Government Innovation ModelsHuman Resources and WorkforceScience, Technology, and Education in Latin America

The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm

Etzkowitz, Henry, Webster, Andrew, Gebhardt, Christiane, Terra, Branca Regina Cantisano·2000·Research Policy

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00069-4

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Claims the paper makes

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  • The driver for the third mission has not been sustainable development but the commercialization of university services.

    “The driver for this has not been sustainable development but the commercialization of university services (Slaughter and Leslie 1999), which may be considered part of the commodification of data and knowledge in the shift to the digital age and technology development in increasingly knowledge-based societies (Etzkowitz et al. 2000).”

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Authors
Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., & Terra, B. R. C.
Affiliations
  • Purchase College (US)
  • University of York (GB)
Corresponding author
Etzkowitz, Henry
Venue
Research Policy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-02
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
313-330
ISSN
0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2005161470
Cited by
2,633
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 51 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 156 · 2017: 162 · 2016: 147 · 2015: 152 · 2014: 153 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 144
FWCI
53.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Research Policy (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › University-Industry-Government Innovation Models
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Human Resources and Workforce
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America
Keywords
entrepreneurial university, role of universities, triple helix model, knowledge-based society, technological innovation, economic development strategy, isomorphism

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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