Toward a self‐evaluation maintenance model of social behavior

A theory of social comparison processes

Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926

The psychology of interpersonal relations

Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189

A circumplex model of affect.

Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334

Mind, Self, and Society

Mead, G. H., Joas, H., Huebner, D. R., & Morris, C. W. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226112879.001.0001 · Cited by 12,419

The Social Psychology of Groups

Kenkel, W. F., Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709294 · Cited by 5,899

Human Nature and the Social Order

Cooley, C. H. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203789513 · Cited by 4,847

Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.

Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · Cited by 4,273

Self-schemata and processing information about the self.

Markus, H. R. (1977) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63 · Cited by 3,911

Human Nature and the Social Order

Ginsberg, M. (1941) · Nature · doi:10.1038/148351a0 · Cited by 3,167

The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes

Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x · Cited by 3,139

How the Complexity of Psychological Processes Reframes the Issue of Reproducibility in Psychological Science

Gernigon, C., Hartigh, R. J. R. D., Vallacher, R. R., & van Geert, P. L. C. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231187324 · Cited by 35

Alcohol and Aggression: Perspectives on Controlled and Uncontrolled Social Information Processing

Bègue, L., & Subra, B. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00051.x · Cited by 30

Turning up the contrast: Self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments.

Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D. A. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.3.606 · Cited by 149

Positive Thinking Among Slot Machine Gamblers: A Case of Maladaptive Coping?

Parke, J., Griffiths, M. D., & Parke, A. (2007) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-006-9049-1 · Cited by 30

Acquisition and Development of a Shared Psychological Intergroup Repertoire in a Context of an Intractable Conflict

Teichman, Y., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9781118269930.ch18 · Cited by 30

(Psychological) Distance Makes the Heart Grow Fonder

Park, L. E., Young, A. F., & Eastwick, P. W. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215599749 · Cited by 29

Don’t Speak Ill of Others Behind Their Backs: Receivers’ Ostracism (Sender-Oriented) Reactions to Negative Workplace Gossip

Guo, G., Gong, Q., Li, S., & Liang, X. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s288961 · Cited by 33

Social Comparison Information Influences Intentions to Reduce Single-Use Plastic Water Bottle Consumption

Bruchmann, K., Chue, S. M., Dillon, K., Lucas, J. K., Neumann, K., & Parque, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612662 · Cited by 25

How Relative Performance Information Affects Employee Performance: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research

Schnieder, C. (2018) · Journal of Accounting Literature · doi:10.1108/jal-11-2021-0006 · Cited by 32

Effects of Anonymity and Social Comparison of Rewards on Computer-Mediated Group Brainstorming

McLeod, P. L. (2011) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496410397381 · Cited by 31

On the Borders of Harmful and Helpful Beauty Biases: The Biasing Effects of Physical Attractiveness Depend on Sex and Ethnicity

Agthe, M., Strobel, M., Spörrle, M., Pfundmair, M., & Maner, J. K. (2016) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/1474704916653968 · Cited by 29

How winning changes motivation in multiphase competitions.

Huang, S., Etkin, J., & Jin, L. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000082 · Cited by 29

Social Comparison Before, During, and After the Competition

Garcia, S. M., Reese, Z. A., & Tor, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190629113.003.0005 · Cited by 32

The Dynamics of Self-Esteem in Adults Over a 6-Month Period: An Exploratory Study

Ninot, G., Fortes, M., & Delignières, D. (2005) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrlp.139.4.315-330 · Cited by 29

Identification with Academics and Violence in Schools

Osborne, J. W. (2004) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.8.3.147 · Cited by 29

Improving Intergroup Relations: Comparative Effects of Anticipated Cooperation and Helping on Attraction for an Aid-Giver

Worchel, S., Wong, F. Y., & Scheltema, K. E. (1989) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2786716 · Cited by 29

When Misery Loves Categorical Company: Accessibility of the Individual Self as a Moderator in Category-Based Representation of Attractive and Unattractive In-Groups

Simon, B., & Hastedt, C. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672972312003 · Cited by 27

Complementarity in Romantic Relationships: A Self-Evaluation Maintenance Perspective

Pilkington, C. J., Tesser, A., & Stephens, D. (1991) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/026540759184003 · Cited by 29

Framing as status or benefits? Consumers’ reactions to hierarchical loyalty program communication

Palmeira, M., Pontes, N., Thomas, D. M., & Krishnan, S. (2016) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-02-2014-0116 · Cited by 26

Tournament Winner Proportion and its Effect on Effort: An Investigation of the Underlying Psychological Mechanisms

Knauer, T., Sommer, F., & Wöhrmann, A. (2016) · European Accounting Review · doi:10.1080/09638180.2016.1175957 · Cited by 28

The role of children's competence experiences in the socialization process: A dynamic process framework for the Academic arena

Pomerantz, E. M., Wang, Q., & Ng, F. F. (2005) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(05)80008-4 · Cited by 28

The Effects of Relative Performance Information and Framed Information Systems Feedback on Performance in a Production Task

Murthy, U. S., & Schafer, B. A. (2011) · Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.2308/jis.2011.25.1.159 · Cited by 28

The Influence of Social Comparison Situations on Individual Task Performance: Experimental Illustrations

Monteil, J., & Huguet, P. (1993) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207599308246948 · Cited by 27

Moving forward is not only a metaphor: Approach and avoidance lead to self-evaluative assimilation and contrast

Fayant, M., Dominique Muller, B., Nurra, C., Alexopoulos, T., & Palluel-Germain, R. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.013 · Cited by 28

Group membership as a 'frame of reference' for interpersonal comparison.

Leach, C., & Vliek, M. L. W. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00058.x · Cited by 27

Prospects, Pitfalls, and Plans: A Proactive Perspective on Social Comparison Activity

Aspinwall, L. G., Hill, D. L., & Leaf, S. L. (2001) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792772143000085 · Cited by 30

“My Daughter Has a Career; I Just Raised Babies”: The Psychological Consequences of Women's Intergenerational Social Comparisons

Carr, D. (2004) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250406700202 · Cited by 28

Not Very Smart, thus Moral: Dimensional Comparisons Between Academic Self-Concept and Honesty

Møller, J., & Savyon, K. (2003) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1023/a:1023247910033 · Cited by 28

Preferences for and evaluation of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved

Stahlberg, D., Petersen, L., & Dauenheimer, D. (1999) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199906)29:4 · Cited by 31

The Collective Selfa

Walsh, W. A., & Banaji, M. R. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48256.x · Cited by 29

Simulating other people changes the self.

Meyer, M. L., Zhao, Z., & Tamir, D. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000565 · Cited by 29

Searching Out the Ideal: Awareness of Ideal Body Standards Predicts Lower Global Self-esteem in Women

Balcetis, E., Cole, S., Chelberg, M. B., & Alicke, M. D. (2012) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.639549 · Cited by 38

Are People More Aggressive When They Are Worse Off or Better Off Than Others?

Dominique Muller, B., Bushman, B. J., Subra, B., & Ceaux, E. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612436984 · Cited by 27

Past and Future Implications of Near-Misses and Their Emotional Consequences

Zhang, Q., & Covey, J. A. (2013) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000231 · Cited by 27

The N -Effect

Tor, A., & Garcia, S. M. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610368813 · Cited by 30

Time, before, and after time: Temporal self and social appraisals in posttraumatic stress disorder

Brown, A. D., Buckner, J. P., & Hirst, W. C. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.02.006 · Cited by 27

SELF-FOCUS, GENDER, AND HABITUAL SELF-HANDICAPPING: DO THEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN BEHAVIORAL SELF-HANDICAPPING?

Kimble, C. E., & Hirt, E. R. (2005) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2005.33.1.43 · Cited by 27

Attributes and applications of heroes: a brief history of lay and academic perspectives

Kinsella, E. L., Ritchie, T. D., & Igou, E. R. (2017) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.34961/8240 · Cited by 27

The Moderating Effect of Psychological Contract Violation on the Relationship between Narcissism and Outcomes: An Application of Trait Activation Theory

Zagenczyk, T. J., Smallfield, J., Scott, K. L., Galloway, B., & Purvis, R. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01113 · Cited by 27

Social comparison and state–trait dynamics: Viewing image-conscious Instagram accounts affects college students’ mood and anxiety.

Kohler, M. T., Turner, I. N., & Webster, G. D. (2021) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000310 · Cited by 26

Why Am I Left Out? Interpretations of Exclusion Affect Antisocial and Prosocial Behaviors

Debono, A. E., Corley, N., & Muraven, M. (2020) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.1.0063 · Cited by 28

Responses to comparisons in romantic relationships: Empathy, shared fate, and contrast

Pinkus, R. T., Lockwood, P., Marshall, T. C., & Yoon, H. M. (2011) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01347.x · Cited by 26

Regulating self-defensiveness: If–then plans prevent claiming and creating performance handicaps

Thürmer, J. L., McCrea, S. M., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9352-7 · Cited by 29

Controlling shared resources: Effects of dependency, self-criticism, and threats to self-worth

Santor, D. A., & Zuroff, D. C. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00154-2 · Cited by 26

Self-knowledge and social desirability of personality traits

Meleddu, M., & Guicciardi, M. (1998) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199805/06)12:3 · Cited by 11

Enhancing and Disrupting Cooperative Behavior in Couples: Effects of Dependency and Self-Criticism Following Favorable and Unfavorable Performance Feedback

Santor, D. A., Pringle, J. D., & Israeli, A. L. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005523602102 · Cited by 27

Comparing Comparisons

Olson, J. M., Buhrmann, O., & Roese, N. J. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4237-7_18 · Cited by 26

The neuroscience of social comparison and competition

Tor, A., & Garcia, S. M. (2023) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-023-01107-2 · Cited by 25

The family ties that protect: Expanded-self comparisons in parent–child relationships

Thai, S., Lockwood, P., Zhu, R., Li, Y., & He, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407518754363 · Cited by 25

Relationship social comparisons: Your facebook page affects my relationship and personal well-being

Morry, M. M., Sucharyna, T. A., & Petty, S. K. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.038 · Cited by 25

Risky positioning – social aspirations and risk-taking behaviour in avalanche terrain

Mannberg, A., Hendrikx, J., & Johnson, J. (2020) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2020.1831046 · Cited by 25

When and why does status threat at work bring out the best and the worst in us? A temporal social comparison theory

Reh, S., Quaquebeke, N. V., Tröster, C., & Giessner, S. R. (2022) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866221100200 · Cited by 25

The Impact of Idea Generation and Potential Appropriation on Entrepreneurship: An Experimental Study

Hooshangi, S., & Loewenstein, G. F. (2016) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2566 · Cited by 26

When students doubt their teachers’ diagnostic competence: Moderation in the internal/external frame of reference model.

Zimmermann, F., Møller, J., & Köller, O. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000196 · Cited by 25

From Misperception to Social Connection: Correlates and Consequences of Overestimating Others’ Social Connectedness

Whillans, A. V., Christie, C. D., Cheung, S., Jordan, A., & Chen, F. S. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167217727496 · Cited by 26

I Was Pleased a Moment Ago: How Pleasure Varies with Background and Foreground Reference Points

Heyman, J., Mellers, B. A., Tishcenko, S., & Schwartz, A. (2004) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/b:moem.0000027278.22201.68 · Cited by 24

Don’t hate me because I’m beautiful: Self-enhancing biases in threat appraisal

Menon, T., & Thompson, L. (2007) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.10.007 · Cited by 26

Romantic jealousy as a social comparison outcome: When similarity stings

Broemer, P., & Diehl, M. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.08.002 · Cited by 25

External Validity, Why Art Thou Externally Valid? Recent Studies of Attraction Provide Three Theoretical Answers

Eastwick, P. W., Hunt, L. L., & Neff, L. A. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12026 · Cited by 25

The Role of Internal and External Sources of Evaluation in Motivating Task Performance

Harkins, S. G., White, P. H., & Utman, C. H. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200261010 · Cited by 25

Exercising the Self: On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical-self Perceptions

Lindwall, M. (2004) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e530122013-001 · Cited by 26

Social comparison processes and academic achievement: The dependence of the development of self-evaluations on friends' performance.

Guay, F., Boivin, M., & Hodges, E. V. E. (1999) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.564 · Cited by 40

Does Instagram make you speak ill of others or improve yourself? A daily diary study on the moderating role of malicious and benign envy

Ng, J. C. K., Lin, E. S. S., & Lee, V. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107873 · Cited by 27

Capitalizing on Academic Success: Students’ Interactions With Friends as Predictors of School Adjustment

Altermatt, E. R. (2010) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431610379414 · Cited by 26

Evidence for arrogance: On the relative importance of expertise, outcome, and manner

Milyavsky, M., Kruglanski, A. W., Chernikova, M., & Schori‐Eyal, N. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180420 · Cited by 26

Human vs. machine: the psychological and behavioral consequences of being compared to an outperforming artificial agent

Spatola, N., & Normand, A. (2020) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01317-0 · Cited by 24

Agentic and Communal Social Motives: Agentic and Communal Social Motives

Locke, K. D. (2015) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · Cited by 24

The effects of tournament horizon and the percentage of winners on social comparisons and performance in multi-period competitions

Berger, L., Libby, T., & Webb, A. (2018) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2017.12.006 · Cited by 24

Entrepreneurship as a career choice for Emirati women: a social cognitive perspective

Shetty, K., Fitzsimmons, J. R., & Anand, A. (2022) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/jsbed-10-2021-0397 · Cited by 26

Social Context Effects in the Stroop Task: When Knowledge of One’s Relative Standing Makes a Difference

Dumas, F., Huguet, P., & Ayme, E. (2005) · Current psychology letters · doi:10.4000/cpl.456 · Cited by 23

Rain on My Parade

MacGregor, J. C. D., & Holmes, J. G. (2011) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611400098 · Cited by 24

Who Doesn't Want to be Envied? Personality Correlates of Emotional Responses to Outperformance Scenarios

Exline, J. J., & Zell, A. L. (2012) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.674412 · Cited by 24

Rated Importance of Personal Qualities Across Four Relationships

Cann, A. (2004) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.3200/socp.144.3.322-334 · Cited by 24

Accessibility of affective versus cognitive components of attitudes

Verplanken, B., Hofstee, G., & Janssen, H. J. W. (1998) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199801/02)28:1 · Cited by 198

Neural correlates underlying change in state self-esteem

Kawamichi, H., Sugawara, S. K., Hamano, Y. H., Kitada, R., Nakagawa, E., Kochiyama, T., & Sadato, N. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20074-0 · Cited by 26

When individual goal pursuit turns competitive: How we sabotage and coast.

Huang, S., Lin, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000170 · Cited by 25

Remembering Old Flames: How the Past Affects Assessments of the Present

Clark, L. F., & Collins, J. E. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293194005 · Cited by 24

The pursuit of self-esteem: Implications for good and evil

Crocker, J., Lee, S. J., & Park, L. E. (2004) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 24

Health‐Related Risk Perception and Decision‐Making: Lessons from the Study of Motives in Social Psychology

Klein, W. M. P., & Cerully, J. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00023.x · Cited by 25

Heterogeneity in Sales Districts: Beyond Individual-Level Predictors of Satisfaction and Performance

Venkatesh, R., Challagalla, G. N., & Kohli, A. K. (2001) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/03079459994614 · Cited by 25

Comparing You = Comparing Me

Thai, S., & Lockwood, P. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215588094 · Cited by 23

What Is a Good Rank? The Effort and Performance Effects of Adding Performance Category Labels to Relative Performance Information*

Knauer, T., Sommer, F., & Wöhrmann, A. (2020) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12657 · Cited by 23

Integrating the big-fish-little-pond effect, the basking-in-reflected-glory effect, and the internal/external frame of reference model predicting students’ individual and collective academic self-concepts

Wolff, F., Lüdtke, O., Helm, F., & Møller, J. (2021) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101952 · Cited by 26

Validating the “Two Faces” of Envy: The Effect of Self-Control

Yang, C., & Tang, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731451 · Cited by 23

The interactive effect of power and self-construal on consumers’ preferences for brand-logo size

Wong, J., Lalwani, A. K., & Wang, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.05.050 · Cited by 23

Affective Polarization and Political Belief Systems: The Role of Political Identity and the Content and Structure of Political Beliefs

Turner-Zwinkels, F. M., van Noord, J., Kesberg, R., García‐Sánchez, E., Brandt, M. J., Kuppens, T., Easterbrook, M. J., Smets, L., Gorska, P., Marchlewska, M., et al. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672231183935 · Cited by 30

Early adolescents' academic self-concept formation: Do classmates or friends matter most?

Wouters, S., Colpin, H., Damme, J. V., Laet, S. D., & Verschueren, K. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.09.002 · Cited by 23

Not Half Bad: Self and Others’ Judgements of Body Size and Attractiveness Across the Life Span

Donaghue, N., & Smith, N. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9408-4 · Cited by 23

Compared to What? The Importance of Control Groups in Social Comparison Research

Bruchmann, K. (2017) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2017.1281808 · Cited by 23

Ethnic stereotyping in service provision

Gill, T., Kim, H. J., & Ranaweera, C. (2017) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-03-2016-0056 · Cited by 25

Me, myself, and my mediated ties: Parasocial experiences as an ego-driven process

Riles, J. M., & Adams, K. L. (2020) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2020.1811124 · Cited by 23

Self-assessment of driving ability and the decision to resume driving following stroke

Scott, C. A., Rapport, L. J., Bryer, R. C., Griffen, J. A., Hanks, R. A., & McKay, C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390802169067 · Cited by 23

Evaluating the self and the other: Imagined intercultural contact within a ‘native-speaker’ dependent foreign language context

Rivers, D. J. (2011) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.08.003 · Cited by 26

Counterfactual thinking following negative outcomes: evidence for group and self‐protective biases

McCrea, S. M. (2007) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.462 · Cited by 23

What You Think is What You Get: Comparative Evaluations of Close Relationships

Broemer, P., & Diehl, M. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203256918 · Cited by 23

A Century of Social Psychology: Individuals, Ideas, and Investigations

Goethals, G. R. (2007) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608221.n1 · Cited by 23

The Influence of Physical Attractiveness on Belief in a Just World

Westfall, R. S., Millar, M. G., & Lovitt, A. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118763172 · Cited by 23

Simultaneous discrimination learning: Stimulus interactions

Zentall, T. R., & Clement, T. S. (2001) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03192898 · Cited by 23

A Historical View on Attitudes and Persuasion

Briñol, P., Petty, R. E., & Guyer, J. J. (2019) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.510 · Cited by 23

Narcissism, Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Haxeco Traits: Exploring Influences on Life Satisfaction Among Generation Z

Thanh, N. N. Đ., Tran, H. Y., Nguyen, G. H. M., Nguyen, Y. K., & Dinh, H. T. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s447067 · Cited by 32

Behavior IDENTIFIERS *Comparison Process Reflection Process; *Self Evaluation Maintenance Model

Abraham, T., & Tesser, A. (2016)

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Processes and Individual Differences in Self-Esteem.

Tesser, A., & Campbell, J. L. (1982) · Cited by 6

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

Wilson, A. E., & Williams, S. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1174-1 · Cited by 2

Self-Evaluation Maintenance and Evolution

Beach, S. R. H., & Tesser, A. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4237-7_7 · Cited by 64

Self‐evaluation maintenance in a larger social context

Pilkington, C. J., & Smith, K. A. (2000) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466600164435 · Cited by 1