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Chapter 2 Reciprocal Altruism in Primates
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“Also, as oxytocin is thought to act on positive feedback circuits [16,17,21], sharers may experience a mutual increase in positive attitude [15,79,80], resulting in the promotion of stronger social bonds and longer-term benefits of more frequent cooperation [23,26,80].”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
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Cites
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“Aureli and Schaffner (2002) and Aureli and Whiten (2003) suggested that emotions may often mediate primates’ behavioral ‘‘decisions’’ (see also Damasio, 1996; McElreath et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultPutting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy
de Waal, F. B. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625 · Cited by 2,483
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Self-citationReciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat
Wilkinson, G. S. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/308181a0 · Cited by 1,029
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Do dogs exhibit jealous behaviors when their owner attends to their companion dog?
Prato‐Previde, E., Nicotra, V., Poli, S. F., Pelosi, A., & Valsecchi, P. (2018) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-018-1204-0 · Cited by 27
Dynamical Structure of a Traditional Amazonian Social Network
Hooper, P., DeDeo, S., Hooper, A. C., Gurven, M., & Kaplan, H. S. (2013) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e15114932 · Cited by 26
Development + Social Selection in the Emergence of “Emotionally Modern” Humans
Hrdy, S. B. (2013) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02904-7_5 · Cited by 27
Are the roots of human economic systems shared with non-human primates?
Addessi, E., Beran, M. J., Bourgeois‐Gironde, S., Brosnan, S. F., & Leca, J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.026 · Cited by 29
Grooming increases self-directed behaviour in wild Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus
Molesti, S., & Majolo, B. (2013) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.008 · Cited by 24
Cooperative feeding and breeding, and the evolution of executive control
Vaesen, K. (2011) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-011-9286-y · Cited by 23
“The most plausible explanation for chimp reciprocation, then, is that it is motivated by past altruism received, rather than by the expectation of future rewards (Schino and Aureli 2009, see also, de Waal 2000).”
BackgroundEvers, E., VRIES, H. D., Spruijt, B. M., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118921 · Cited by 23
Chimpanzees monopolize and children take turns in a limited resource problem
Knofe, H., Engelmann, J. M., Tomasello, M., & Herrmann, E. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44096-4 · Cited by 23
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Fission–Fusion Dynamics in Bats
Patriquin, K. J., & Ratcliffe, J. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38953-0_4 · Cited by 23
“…living in fission–fusion systems are shaped by a combination of partner fidelity, or time spent together, and partner choice based on long-term “bookkeeping” of social interactions that may predict the likelihood of receiving cooperative behaviors (Schino and Aureli 2009; Campenni et al. 2015).”
BackgroundStieger, B., Schweinfurth, M. K., & Michael Taborsky, A. (2017) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2406-1 · Cited by 23
“Although social bonds may facilitate altruism (Melis et al. 2006; Schino and Aureli 2009; St-Pierre et al. 2009), Norway rats cooperate reciprocally based solely on received help in preceding interactions (Dolivo et al. 2016), comparable to dogs in the study of Gfrerer and Taborsky (2017).”
BackgroundSilk, J. B. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.052 · Cited by 23
Short-term costs and benefits of grooming in Japanese macaques
Schino, G., & Alessandrini, A. (2015) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-015-0468-0 · Cited by 23
Self-citationOxytocin improves the ability of dogs to follow informative pointing: a neuroemotional hypothesis
Macchitella, L., Stegagno, T., Giaconella, R., di Sorrentino, E. P., Schino, G., & Addessi, E. (2016) · RENDICONTI LINCEI · doi:10.1007/s12210-016-0579-6 · Cited by 22
“…neural mechanisms involved in emotions and reward processing can be activated by social cues and are used as a ‘‘reference point’’ that guides animals in complex forms of social interactions, interpretations, judgments, and decision making (Mendl et al. 2009; Panksepp 1998; Schino and Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPay to play: Children’s emerging ability to use acts of generosity for selfish ends
Warneken, F., Sebastián‐Enesco, C., Benjamin, N. E., & Pieloch, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104675 · Cited by 22
An affective social tie mechanism: Theory, evidence, and implications
Bault, N., Fahrenfort, J. J., Pelloux, B., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van Winden, F. A. A. M. (2017) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.04.004 · Cited by 22
“(Schino & Aureli, 2009, p. 58).”
BackgroundArmstrong, J. (2018) · Philosophical Perspectives · doi:10.1111/phpe.12114 · Cited by 36
“See Trivers (1971) and Axelrod (1984) for classic statements, and Cheney (2001) and Schino and Aureli (2009) and (2017) for discussion of the role of reciprocal interaction in non-human animal social cooperation.”
Evidence of Reciprocal Allonursing in Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
Engelhardt, S. C., Weladji, R. B., Holand, Ø., Røed, K. H., & Nieminen, M. (2014) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12334 · Cited by 23
Aureli, F., Schaffner, C. M., & Schino, G. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0306 · Cited by 21
Self-citationSex and dominance status affect allogrooming in free-ranging feral cattle
Hodgson, G. M. W., Flay, K. J., Perroux, T. A., Chan, W. Y., & McElligott, A. G. (2024) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.12.020 · Cited by 21
Wörle, M., Essler, S., & Paulus, M. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104886 · Cited by 21
Do capuchin monkeys engage in calculated reciprocity?
Schino, G., Ferrario, V., & Addessi, E. (2021) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.012 · Cited by 20
Self-citationThe Ecology and Evolution of Social Behavior and Cognition in Primates
Boesch, C. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738182.013.0026 · Cited by 21
Oxytocin increases after affiliative interactions in male Barbary macaques
Rincon, A. V., Deschner, T., Schülke, O., & Ostner, J. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104661 · Cited by 21
Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques
Ostner, J., Wilken, J., & Schülke, O. (2021) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.201538 · Cited by 20
Gingins, S., & Bshary, R. (2014) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/aru194 · Cited by 19
Onishi, K., Yamada, K., & Nakamichi, M. (2012) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.11.011 · Cited by 19
A gift for gratitude and cooperative behavior: brain and cognitive effects
Balconi, M., Fronda, G., & Vanutelli, M. E. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa003 · Cited by 18
Kopp, K. S., Kanngießer, P., Brügger, R. K., Daum, M. M., Gampe, A., Köster, M., van Schaik, C. P., Liebal, K., & Burkart, J. M. (2024) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-024-01846-w · Cited by 18
Balasubramaniam, K. N., & Berman, C. M. (2017) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003462 · Cited by 17
Evers, E., VRIES, H. D., Spruijt, B. M., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1488 · Cited by 15
Grooming interventions in female rhesus macaques as social niche construction
Mielke, A., Bruchmann, C., Schülke, O., & Ostner, J. (2021) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.001 · Cited by 15
Biological markets: theory, interpretation, and proximate perspectives. A response to
Dunayer, E. S., & Berman, C. M. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.018 · Cited by 14
Support for Altruistic Behavior in Rats
Wrighten, S. A., & Hall, C. R. (2016) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2016.412009 · Cited by 15
Mechanisms of reciprocity and diversity in social networks: a modeling and comparative approach
Puga‐Gonzalez, I., Ostner, J., Schülke, O., Sosa, S., Thierry, B., & Sueur, C. (2018) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/ary034 · Cited by 14
“…bookkeeping means that individuals develop, through social interactions, a specific emotionally mediated attitude toward each group member, and whether or not they exchange a service with a group member depends on the type of affiliative relationship associated with it (Schino and Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundThe effect of solicitations on grooming exchanges among female Japanese macaques at Katsuyama
Ueno, M., Yamada, K., & Nakamichi, M. (2013) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-013-0371-5 · Cited by 14
“The question of how animals exchange benefits in the long term is under discussion (e.g., Schino and Aureli 2009), and further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms that regulate long-term exchanges.”
BackgroundYates, K., Stanley, C. R., & Bettridge, C. M. (2022) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104740 · Cited by 13
Personal trust extends cooperation beyond trustees: A Mexican study
Acedo‐Carmona, C., & Gomila, A. (2018) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12500 · Cited by 13
“In fact, emotions promote strong ties (Turner, 2009) and motivate altruistic behaviours (Schino & Aureli, 2009) whose benefits are maintained over time (Pavey, Greitemeyer, & Sparks, 2011).”
BackgroundWhy cooperation is not running away
Geoffroy, F., Baumard, N., & André, J. (2019) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13508 · Cited by 15
A reinforcement learning model for grooming up the hierarchy in primates
Wubs, M., Bshary, R., & Lehmann, L. (2018) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.02.014 · Cited by 12
Individual differences in social attachment: A multi‐disciplinary perspective
Gustison, M. L., & Phelps, S. M. (2022) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12792 · Cited by 15
Molesti, S., & Majolo, B. (2017) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22679 · Cited by 13
“…benefits exchanged over time between two social partners; Stevens & Hauser, 2004], other mechanisms involving emotional bookkeeping, that is, the formation of emotional bonds between partners, might be less cognitively demanding (Aureli & Schaffner, 2002; Schino & Aureli, 2009, 2010; Silk, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialWhy Do Humans Help Their Friends? Proximal and Ultimate Hypotheses from Evolutionary Theory
Hruschka, D. J., Hackman, J., & Macfarlan, S. J. (2015) · Evolutionary psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12697-5_20 · Cited by 12
Personality heterophily and friendship as drivers for successful cooperation
Bhattacharjee, D., Waasdorp, S., Middelburg, E., Sterck, E. H. M., & Massen, J. J. M. (2024) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2730 · Cited by 15
No Short‐Term Contingency Between Grooming and Food Tolerance in Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Molesti, S., & Majolo, B. (2015) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12346 · Cited by 11
“Indeed, in the 349 long-term the receipt of various services such as grooming, food tolerance and agonistic 350 support may have similar emotional consequences in promoting the social bonds between 351 individuals, and thus the overall exchanges of services between them (Schino & Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnderson, J. R., Bucher, B., Kuroshima, H., & Fujita, K. (2016) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-016-0980-7 · Cited by 13
“…in these additional conditions, it appears premature to conclude that their third-partybased social evaluations are equivalent to those seen in capuchin monkeys, or that they are based on the same mechanism of emotional (or ‘‘affective’’) bookkeeping (Schino and Aureli 2009) as in capuchin monkeys.”
BackgroundExchanging grooming, but not tolerance and aggression in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Campennì, M., Manciocco, A., Vitale, A., & Schino, G. (2014) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22324 · Cited by 10
“…animals direct their cooperative behavior preferentially to those individuals that cooperate most (i.e. partner choice) is abundant [reviewed in Schino & Aureli, 2009] while demonstrating that recent cooperation received increases cooperativeness (i.e. partner control) has proved more…”
BackgroundSelf-citationReceiving aggression triggers attention bias in tufted capuchin monkeys
Boggiani, L., Addessi, E., & Schino, G. (2018) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.10.021 · Cited by 11
Self-citationGarcía, M. G., Lemieux, D., & Bshary, R. (2021) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.04.025 · Cited by 10
The Evolution of a Cooperative Social Mind
Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738182.013.0027 · Cited by 10
Symmetry-based reciprocity: evolutionary constraints on a proximate mechanism
Campennì, M., & Schino, G. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1812 · Cited by 10
“…345 cooperation among group living animals that form stable social relationships is most likely 346 supported by emotionally based reciprocity (Schino & Aureli 2009, 2010, in press), while 347 reciprocity in the absence of stable social relationships (Sella, 1985; Petersen, 1995) does require…”
Self-citationEvolution of cooperation driven by the diversity of emotions
Xie, N., Zhen, K.-X., Wang, C., Ye, Y., & Wang, L. (2014) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540091.2014.956290 · Cited by 9
Extortion, intuition, and the dark side of reciprocity
Bernhard, R. M., & Cushman, F. A. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105215 · Cited by 10
Food sharing and social cognition
Legg, E. W., Ostojić, L., & Clayton, N. S. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1329 · Cited by 8
Ueno, M., Hayashi, H., Kabata, R., Terada, K., & Yamada, K. (2019) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12851 · Cited by 8
Advanced cognition in wild chimpanzees: lessons from observational studies
Gilby, I. C., & Machanda, Z. P. (2022) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101183 · Cited by 7
“Targeting or supporting, what drives patterns of aggressive intervention in fights?”
Puga‐Gonzalez, I., Cooper, M. A., & Hemelrijk, C. K. (2015) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22505 · Cited by 7
“The model, however, is unable to exclude the possibility that other cognitively higher mechanisms such as “calculated reciprocity” or “emotional bookkeeping” may underlie reciprocation and interchange of grooming and support in primates [de Waal & Brosnan, 2006; Schino & Aureli, 2009].”
BackgroundDogs fail to reciprocate the receipt of food from a human in a food-giving task
McGetrick, J., Poncet, L., Amann, M., Schullern‐Schrattenhofen, J., Fux, L., Martínez, M., & Range, F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253277 · Cited by 7
Grooming and the Expectation of Reciprocation in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Schino, G., & Pellegrini, B. (2010) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9477-4 · Cited by 7
“The results of this and other studies (Polizzi di Sorrentino et al. 2010), on the contrary, together with studies investigating the time frame of reciprocation (Schino and Aureli 2009), highlight that most primate altruism appears not to be motivated by the expectation of reciprocation.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe evolution of between-sex bonds in primates
Sterck, E. H. M., Crockford, C., Fischer, J., Massen, J. J. M., Tiddi, B., Perry, S., Sueur, C., Schülke, O., & Ostner, J. (2024) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106628 · Cited by 7
“In this situation, the market-driven transactional nature of affiliation may be replaced by an emotionally-based mechanism of relationship maintenance ( “ emotional book-keeping ” , Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
Social relationships among captive female Himalayan tahr
Schino, G., Manzoni, C., & Giovanni, M. D. (2022) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13327 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEmotions and courtship help bonded pairs cooperate, but emotional agents are vulnerable to deceit
Sadedin, S., Duéñez‐Guzmán, E. A., & Leibo, J. Z. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2308911120 · Cited by 6
Pereira, A. S., Rebelo, I. D., Casanova, C., Lee, P. C., & Louca, V. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6332 · Cited by 8
“…10.7717/peerj.6332 18/27 the bookkeeping mechanism result from all interactions between individuals (grooming, tolerance, support in agonism, etc; Schino & Aureli, 2009), thus, it is possible that the potential negative effect of the lack of grooming reciprocity in period two was compensated by…”
BackgroundInfluentialde Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0663 · Cited by 6
Emotions and Behavior Regulation in Decision Dilemmas
Gómez‐Miñambres, J., & Schniter, E. (2017) · Games · doi:10.3390/g8020022 · Cited by 6
Reciprocal cooperation – Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an example
Schweinfurth, M. K. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108564113.019 · Cited by 6
Studying the evolution of cooperation and prosociality in birds
Massen, J. J. M. (2020) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13001 · Cited by 6
“These results corroborate recent theoretical advances that suggest that cooperative decision rules, in non-human animals and humans alike, may not always rely on cognition but rather have a more affective character (Brosnan & de Waal, 2002; Massen et al., 2019; Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
ResultCooperation, Coalition, Alliances
Hemelrijk, C. K., Puga‐Gonzalez, I., & Steinhauser, J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_43 · Cited by 6
Social Relationships, Social Cognition, and the Evolution of Mind in Primates
Seyfarth, R. M., & Cheney, D. L. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop203021 · Cited by 7
“…when scientists have speculated about the mechanisms underlying long-term relationships they have typically assumed that current behavior is affected, wholly or in part, by the individuals’ memory of past interactions (Aureli & Schaffner, 2002; Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, 2007; Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundSun, S., Zhang, F., & Chang, V. I. C. (2021) · International Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.4018/ijkm.2021040102 · Cited by 5
Eyeblink rate as an indicator of concentration on grooming in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Hikida, K. (2022) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23392 · Cited by 5
Do pet dogs reciprocate the receipt of food from familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics?
McGetrick, J., Fux, L., Schullern‐Schrattenhofen, J., Rault, J., & Range, F. (2024) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13430 · Cited by 5
Primate Social Cognition: Evidence from Primate Field Studies
Ostner, J. (2018) · Interdisciplinary evolution research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93776-2_7 · Cited by 5
Kaufhold, S. P., & Rossano, F. (2020) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.07.016 · Cited by 5
Horn, L., Bugnyar, T., & Massen, J. J. M. (2023) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13420 · Cited by 5
How context influences primates' decisions about reciprocity
Brosnan, S. F. (2024) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13433 · Cited by 4
An evolutionary Ockham's razor to reciprocity
Berra, I. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01258 · Cited by 4
“Following an analogous parsimony principle, Schino and Aureli (2009) proposed that the emotional track of favors received can sufficiently motivate actor and recipient to exchange their roles repeatedly.”
Dunayer, E. S., Tyrrell, M., Balasubramaniam, K. N., & Berman, C. M. (2019) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22968 · Cited by 4
“More recently, researchers have found that long‐term reciprocity can be achieved with minimal cognitive skills (Brosnan & de Waal, 2002; Suchak & de Waal, 2012) and/or via emotional pathways (Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
Backgroundvan Winden, F. A. A. M. (2023) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2023.102625 · Cited by 5
Adriaense, J. E. C., Šlipogor, V., Hintze, S., Marshall, L., Lamm, C., & Bugnyar, T. (2021) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-021-01497-1 · Cited by 7
The role of affect in cooperation: How to test the emotional bookkeeping hypothesis
Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.022 · Cited by 4
Self-citationFlipper rubbing reciprocity and partner choice in common bottlenose dolphins
Yamamoto, C., & Ishibashi, T. (2021) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-021-00729-8 · Cited by 4
Ramos‐Fernández, G., & Aureli, F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1881-1 · Cited by 4
Self-citationQuantitative fairness—A framework for the design of equitable cybernetic societies
Riehl, K., Kouvelas, A., & Makridis, M. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100236 · Cited by 5
“Often, fairness reflects a balance between contribution and reward that is sustainable and beneficial for the species or ecosystem as a whole (Schino and Aureli, 2009).”
Depret, L., Ohshima, A., Allanic, M., Leca, J., Gunst, N., & Sueur, C. (2024) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-024-01174-0 · Cited by 3
Social evaluation of skill and competence in primates
O’Hearn, W. J., Hirel, M., Keupp, S., & Fischer, J. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106346 · Cited by 3
Shupe, E. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1017/can.2021.33 · Cited by 3
Behavioral responses of solicitors after failure to receive grooming in Macaca fuscata
Ueno, M., Yamada, K., & Nakamichi, M. (2023) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23491 · Cited by 3
“Several studies have shown that primates preferentially groom individuals who provide the greatest benefits (Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundDell’Anna, F., Aureli, F., Damm, J., & Schino, G. (2024) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-024-03449-4 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPerceptual interventions ameliorate statistical discrimination in learning agents
Duéñez‐Guzmán, E. A., Comanescu, R., Mao, Y., McKee, K. R., Coppin, B., Sadedin, S., Chiappa, S., Vezhnevets, A. S., Bakker, M. A., Bachrach, Y., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2319933121 · Cited by 2
Tonkean macaques do not prefer the helper or the hinderer in the hill paradigm
Hirel, M., Meunier, H., Hannes Rakoczy, B., Fischer, J., & Keupp, S. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.250488 · Cited by 2
Campennì, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23938-5_2 · Cited by 3
Development of studies on grooming reciprocity in primates
Ueno, M. (2016) · Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology · doi:10.2502/janip.66.2.3 · Cited by 3
“…で必要な「商品」を得るために「貨幣」を支払って 短期的な「取引(trade)」を行っているのだと考え た(Henzi, Lusseau, Weingrill et al., 2009)。 動物の生息地域によって,食物をめぐる争い(採 食競合)の激しさに違いがある。食物が乏しいと, 限られた食物をめぐって争うことが増える。そのよ うに採食競合が激しい場合には,高順位個体が食物 を独占できるため,高順位個体に毛づくろいをする ことで得られる利益は大きいだろう。一方,食物が 豊富にあると,高順位個体であっても食物を独占で…”
InfluentialLaub, E. C., Ewing, M. C., Baldwin, E. R., Pinter‐Wollman, N., & Tibbetts, E. A. (2025) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zoaf041 · Cited by 2
Babb, M. H., & Brosnan, S. F. (2026) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123523 · Cited by 2
Huang, P., Teichroeb, J. A., Zhang, E., & Chen, M. (2024) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zoae020 · Cited by 2
Nautiyal, H., Romano, V., Tanaka, H., & Huffman, M. A. (2024) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23655 · Cited by 2
Two observations of rescue behavior in wild Asian elephants
Kamdar, A., Ali, S., Baishya, H. K., Barua, K., Basumatary, R., Kakati, P., Kalita, N., Mazumder, B., Saikia, R., Sarmah, A., et al. (2024) · Biotropica · doi:10.1111/btp.13414 · Cited by 2
Do goats exhibit prosocial motivation? Insights from a novel food-giving paradigm
Pahl, A., Rault, J., McGetrick, J., Eggert, A., Nawroth, C., & Langbein, J. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.250556 · Cited by 2
Proximate mechanisms underlying cooperation in carnivores
Romero, T. (2015) · Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology · doi:10.2502/janip.65.1.5 · Cited by 2
“Thus, the fitness-enhancing properties of cooperative behaviors should not be taken as an explanation of what motivates individuals to interact in a cooperative way (Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTOPICS AND TANGENTS FOR MUTUAL HELP IN UNCERTAINTY
Shipton, P. M. (2014) · Africa · doi:10.1017/s0001972014000473 · Cited by 2
“…have been living with other animals in captivity, in the rainforest and on the open savannah, addressing problems of mutual understanding and cooperation that compare and contrast well, and sometimes measurably, with those of humans (Dehaene et al. 2005; De Waal 2009; Schino and Aureli 2009).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Schino, G., & Aureli, F.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council (IT)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in the Study of Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2009
- Pages
- 45-69
- ISSN
- 0065-3454 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W58966152
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 25.12
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in the study of behavior (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation (043318)
- Sixth Framework Programme
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- reciprocal altruism, primates, emotions, grooming, food sharing, mutualism, primate social cognition, affiliative behavior, evolution of altruism
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