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Chapter 2 Reciprocal Altruism in Primates
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“Also, as oxytocin is thought to act on positive feedback circuits [16,17,21], sharers may experience a mutual increase in positive attitude [15,79,80], resulting in the promotion of stronger social bonds and longer-term benefits of more frequent cooperation [23,26,80].”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [80]
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“Aureli and Schaffner (2002) and Aureli and Whiten (2003) suggested that emotions may often mediate primates’ behavioral ‘‘decisions’’ (see also Damasio, 1996; McElreath et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultPutting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy
de Waal, F. B. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625 · Cited by 2,483
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Self-citationReciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat
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The Evolutionary Origins of Friendship
Seyfarth, R. M., & Cheney, D. L. (2011) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100337 · Cited by 476
“Some have been supported, others have not (see Schino & Aureli 2009 for review).”
BackgroundInfluentialUrinary oxytocin and social bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees
Crockford, C., Wittig, R. M., Langergraber, K., Ziegler, T. E., Zuberbühler, K., & Deschner, T. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2765 · Cited by 347
Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory
Mahr, J. B., & Csibra, G. (2017) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x17000012 · Cited by 371
“In principle, to make social commitments effective, all that is cognitively required is a mechanism that keeps track of the distribution of who owes what to whom (Brosnan & de Waal 2002; Schino & Aureli 2009; 2010).”
Positive feelings reward and promote prosocial behavior
Aknin, L. B., Van de Vondervoort, J. W., & Hamlin, J. K. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.017 · Cited by 325
A practical guide to the study of social relationships
Silk, J., Cheney, D., & Seyfarth, R. (2013) · Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21367 · Cited by 252
Jaeggi, A. V., Burkart, J. M., & van Schaik, C. P. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0118 · Cited by 250
Wittig, R. M., Crockford, C., Deschner, T., Langergraber, K. E., Ziegler, T. E., & Zuberbühler, K. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3096 · Cited by 235
Oxytocin promotes social bonding in dogs
Romero, T., Nagasawa, M., Mogi, K., Hasegawa, T., & Kikusui, T. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322868111 · Cited by 233
Jaeggi, A. V., & Gurven, M. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1615 · Cited by 195
Friends of friends: are indirect connections in social networks important to animal behaviour?
Brent, L. J. N. (2015) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.020 · Cited by 204
“However, calculated bookkeeping and complex language are not absolute requirements and individuals may be able to construct the reputations of others by emotional bookkeeping (Schino and Aureli, 2009) and visual observation (Brent, 2010; Kundey et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe emergence of contingent reciprocity in young children
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.002 · Cited by 194
The evolution of food sharing in primates
Jaeggi, A. V., & van Schaik, C. P. (2011) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1221-3 · Cited by 172
“Such bonds are formed in many primate species (Cords 1997; Tomasello and Call 1997; Silk 2002; Massen et al. 2010) and are sufficient to account for the loose exchange of lowcost altruistic acts common in primate groups (Schino and Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHammerstein, P., & Noë, R. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0101 · Cited by 161
Primate reciprocity and its cognitive requirements
Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2010) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.20270 · Cited by 160
Self-citationCorrelated pay-offs are key to cooperation
Michael Taborsky, A., Frommen, J. G., & Riehl, C. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0084 · Cited by 157
Grooming for tolerance? Two mechanisms of exchange in wild tufted capuchin monkeys
Tiddi, B., Aureli, F., di Sorrentino, E. P., Janson, C. H., & Schino, G. (2011) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arr028 · Cited by 150
Self-citationSlocombe, K. E., Kaller, T., Turman, L., Townsend, S. W., Papworth, S., Squibbs, P., & Zuberbühler, K. (2010) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-010-1006-0 · Cited by 147
“Although the evidence for reciprocal interchange of different services in chimpanzees is mixed (Gomes and Boesch 2009; Gilby 2006; Mitani and Watts 2001; Schino and Aureli 2009), it is possible that food call production may be a ‘currency’ that is exchanged amongst individuals for other services.”
Social bonds facilitate cooperative resource sharing in wild chimpanzees
Samuni, L., Preis, A., Mielke, A., Deschner, T., Wittig, R. M., & Crockford, C. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1643 · Cited by 151
The neuroethology of friendship
Brent, L. J. N., Chang, S. W. C., Gariépy, J., & Platt, M. L. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12315 · Cited by 138
The relative roles of kinship and reciprocity in explaining primate altruism
Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01396.x · Cited by 139
“In this view, altruistic behaviours can evolve through a process of reciprocal partner choice in which animals maximize received benefits by directing their altruistic behaviour preferentially to those individuals that reciprocate most (Connor 1995; Sherratt & Roberts 1998; Schino & Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationReciprocity and conditional cooperation between great tit parents
Johnstone, R. A., Manica, A., Fayet, A. L., Stoddard, M. C., Rodríguez-Gironés, M. A., & Hinde, C. A. (2013) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/art109 · Cited by 130
“2008; Clutton-Brock 2009; Schino and Aureli 2009; Cheney et al.”
BackgroundOn the deep structure of social affect: Attitudes, emotions, sentiments, and the case of “contempt”
Gervais, M. M., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x16000352 · Cited by 135
Extent and limits of cooperation in animals
Cheney, D. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1100291108 · Cited by 124
How chimpanzees cooperate in a competitive world
Suchak, M., Eppley, T. M., Campbell, M., Feldman, R. A., Quarles, L. F., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611826113 · Cited by 122
Pattern of individual participation and cheating in conflicts between groups of free-ranging dogs
Bonanni, R., Valsecchi, P., & Natoli, E. (2010) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.01.016 · Cited by 123
Grooming Up the Hierarchy: The Exchange of Grooming and Rank-Related Benefits in a New World Primate
Tiddi, B., Aureli, F., & Schino, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036641 · Cited by 128
Self-citationSocial bonds predict future cooperation in male Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus
Berghänel, A., Ostner, J., Schröder, U., & Schülke, O. (2011) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.009 · Cited by 123
Jaeggi, A. V., de Groot, E., Stevens, J. M. G., & van Schaik, C. P. (2012) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.09.005 · Cited by 124
“…of food, grooming 421 and support among the same chimpanzees (Jaeggi et al., 2010a) is consistent with the partner 422 choice model in which the likelihood of providing a service depends on the history of past 423 interactions, outweighing single recent events (Schino & Aureli, 2009; 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialBorgeaud, C., & Bshary, R. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.016 · Cited by 113
Grooming reciprocity in wild male chimpanzees
Newton‐Fisher, N. E., & Lee, P. C. (2010) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.11.015 · Cited by 113
Contingent cooperation between wild female baboons
Cheney, D. L., Moscovice, L. R., Heesen, M., Mundry, R., & Seyfarth, R. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1001862107 · Cited by 109
Reciprocity of agonistic support in ravens
Fraser, O. N., & Bugnyar, T. (2011) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.023 · Cited by 106
Resolving the iterated prisoner’s dilemma: theory and reality
Raihani, N., & Bshary, R. (2011) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02307.x · Cited by 108
“…demanding than calculated reciprocity, it might therefore serve as a simpler proximate mechanism for sustaining mutual investment in interactions where the return investment is likely to be delayed and ⁄ or in a different currency (Gomes et al., 2009; Schino & Aureli, 2009; Schino et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSebastián‐Enesco, C., & Warneken, F. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2014.08.007 · Cited by 115
“For example, Schino and Aureli (2009) suggested that reciprocal partner choice could be based on an emotionally based system that allows individuals to bookkeep past interactions with different social partners.”
BackgroundInfluentialReciprocal Exchange Patterned by Market Forces Helps Explain Cooperation in a Small-Scale Society
Jaeggi, A. V., Hooper, P. L., Beheim, B., Kaplan, H. S., & Gurven, M. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.019 · Cited by 104
Kaburu, S., & Newton‐Fisher, N. E. (2014) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.018 · Cited by 97
Triadic social interactions operate across time: a field experiment with wild chimpanzees
Wittig, R. M., Crockford, C., Langergraber, K. E., & Zuberbühler, K. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3155 · Cited by 94
Aureli, F., & Schino, G. (2019) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-018-2604-5 · Cited by 91
“The emotional experience of an individual is certainly affected by the types, frequencies, and patterning of previous interactions with other group members (Aureli and Schaffner 2002; Aureli and Whiten 2003; Schino and Aureli 2009; Seyfarth and Cheney 2012).”
Self-citationSocial benefits of non-kin food sharing by female vampire bats
Carter, G. G., & Wilkinson, G. S. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2524 · Cited by 89
Reciprocity in group‐living animals: partner controlversuspartner choice
Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2016) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12248 · Cited by 83
“…task-specific computational mechanisms (LeDoux, 2012; Cosmides & Tooby, 2013), it is possible to hypothesize that a system of ‘emotional bookkeeping’ (Schino & Aureli, 2009) evolved to support reciprocity in group-living animals, i.e. under conditions of continuous social interaction with…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCooperation in wild Barbary macaques: factors affecting free partner choice
Molesti, S., & Majolo, B. (2015) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0919-4 · Cited by 76
“Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence showing that strong social bonds enhance cooperative behaviours in animals and humans (Silk 2003; Majolo et al. 2006; Schino and Aureli 2009; de Waal and Suchak 2010; Cronin 2012).”
BackgroundMonkeys benefit from reciprocity without the cognitive burden
Suchak, M., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1213173109 · Cited by 76
The evolution of altruistic social preferences in human groups
Silk, J. B., & House, B. R. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0097 · Cited by 84
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“…decisions on their previous social interactions and experiences (Campennì and Schino, 2014, Fruteau et al., 2011, Noë and Völkl, 2013, Schino, 2007, Schino and Aureli, 2009 and Schino and Aureli, 2010) both successful coalitions and affiliative behaviour are likely to be intertwined in a positive…”
BackgroundTHE COSTS OF DELAY: WAITING VERSUS POSTPONING IN INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE
Fabio Paglieri, A. (2013) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.18 · Cited by 67
Variation in Cleaner Wrasse Cooperation and Cognition: Influence of the Developmental Environment?
Wismer, S., Pinto, A. I., Vail, A. L., Grutter, A. S., & Bshary, R. (2014) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12223 · Cited by 70
Chimpanzees return favors at a personal cost
Schmelz, M., Grueneisen, S., Kabalak, A., Jost, J., & Tomasello, M. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1700351114 · Cited by 70
Mutual grooming among adult male chimpanzees: the immediate investment hypothesis
Machanda, Z. P., Gilby, I. C., & Wrangham, R. W. (2013) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.028 · Cited by 66
Food transfers in capuchin monkeys: an experiment on partner choice
Sabbatini, G., Vizioli, A. D. B., Visalberghi, E. M., & Schino, G. (2012) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0534 · Cited by 65
Self-citationPartner Choice in Raven (Corvus corax) Cooperation
Asakawa-Haas, K. D., Schiestl, M., Bugnyar, T., & Massen, J. J. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156962 · Cited by 65
Population-specific social dynamics in chimpanzees
van Leeuwen, E. J. C., Cronin, K. A., & Haun, D. B. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1722614115 · Cited by 64
Social disappointment explains chimpanzees' behaviour in the inequity aversion task
Engelmann, J. M., Clift, J. B., Herrmann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2017) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.1502 · Cited by 62
Experimental evidence for delayed contingent cooperation among wild dwarf mongooses
Kern, J. M., & Radford, A. N. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1801000115 · Cited by 61
Cooperation and deception in primates
Hall, K., & Brosnan, S. F. (2016) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.11.007 · Cited by 59
The Emergence of “Us and Them” in 80 Lines of Code
Gray, K. J., Rand, D. G., Ert, E., Lewis, K., Hershman, S. G., & Norton, M. I. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614521816 · Cited by 65
Melis, A. P., Grocke, P., Kalbitz, J., & Tomasello, M. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616644070 · Cited by 58
“…et al., 2009) and (b) skills that allow individuals to keep track of past interactions with others via either an emotional-bookkeeping system or a more cognitively advanced mechanism, such as calculated reciprocity (de Waal, 2008; Schino & Aureli, 2009; see also Melis, Hare, & Tomasello, 2008).”
BackgroundRevisiting the possibility of reciprocal help in non-human primates
Schweinfurth, M. K., & Call, J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.026 · Cited by 58
“erably those with which they associate positive emotions, which is somehow similar to friends, and refuse to help those associated with negative emotions (Schino and Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundSocial bonds in female baboons: the interaction between personality, kinship and rank
Seyfarth, R. M., Silk, J. B., & Cheney, D. L. (2013) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.008 · Cited by 59
“…withmodels proposing that individuals often compete for the opportunity to interact with high-ranking individuals, and that middle- and low-ranking animals may compromise by interacting with others of similar rank regardless of any other factors (e.g. Schino & Aureli, 2009; Seyfarth, 1977).”
BackgroundCapuchin monkeys judge third-party reciprocity
Anderson, J. R., Takimoto, A., Kuroshima, H., & Fujita, K. (2013) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.007 · Cited by 58
Calculated reciprocity? A comparative test with six primate species
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Self-citationAn Individual-Oriented Model on the Emergence of Support in Fights, Its Reciprocation and Exchange
Hemelrijk, C. K., & Puga‐Gonzalez, I. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037271 · Cited by 52
Reciprocity: Different behavioural strategies, cognitive mechanisms and psychological processes
Schweinfurth, M. K., & Call, J. (2019) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00394-5 · Cited by 50
“In contrast, the psychological processes of other mechanisms have received uneven attention, even though several authors have pointed out that reciprocity is not necessarily cognitively demanding (e.g. Brosnan & de Waal, 2002; Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundHow do you measure pleasure? A discussion about intrinsic costs and benefits in primate allogrooming
Russell, Y. I., & Phelps, S. (2013) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-013-9372-4 · Cited by 52
“For example, Schino and Aureli (2009) propose that primates engage in a kind of emotional book-keeping which determines how their exchange behaviour is governed.”
BackgroundInfluentialPreschool Children’s Behavioral Tendency toward Social Indirect Reciprocity
Kato-Shimizu, M., Onishi, K., Kanazawa, T., & Hinobayashi, T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070915 · Cited by 48
Rats play tit-for-tat instead of integrating social experience over multiple interactions
Schweinfurth, M. K., & Michael Taborsky, A. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2423 · Cited by 43
Cooperative partner choice in multi-level male dolphin alliances
Gerber, L., Wittwer, S., Allen, S. J., Holmes, K. G., King, S. L., Sherwin, W. B., Wild, S., Willems, E. P., Connor, R. C., & Krützen, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85583-x · Cited by 42
A comparative approach to affect and cooperation
Massen, J. J. M., Behrens, F., Martin, J. S., Stocker, M., & Brosnan, S. F. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.027 · Cited by 45
Partner choice promotes cooperation: The two faces of testing with agent-based models
Campennì, M., & Schino, G. (2013) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.11.019 · Cited by 44
Self-citationThird-party social evaluations of humans by monkeys and dogs
Anderson, J. R., Bucher, B., Chijiiwa, H., Kuroshima, H., Takimoto, A., & Fujita, K. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.003 · Cited by 43
“…evaluate individuals whom they see repeatedly behaving unfairly in an exchange via a process of third party-based affective bookkeeping (see Schino and Aureli, 2009): each witnessed example of unfair behavior induces a negative affect in the observing individual, and each witnessed…”
Does food sharing in vampire bats demonstrate reciprocity?
Carter, G. G., & Wilkinson, G. S. (2013) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.4161/cib.25783 · Cited by 42
How apes get into and out of joint actions
Genty, É., Heesen, R., Guéry, J., Rossano, F., Zuberbühler, K., & Bangerter, A. (2020) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.18048.gen · Cited by 37
Grooming in mandrills and the time frame of reciprocal partner choice
Schino, G., & Pellegrini, B. (2009) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20719 · Cited by 39
“On the contrary, the observation that reciprocal partner choice is widespread among primates [reviewed in Schino & Aureli, 2009], together with the evidence reported in this and previous studies that reciprocity is not necessarily immediate, suggest some form of attitudinal reciprocity [de Waal,…”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Social Organisation of a Population of Free-Ranging Dogs in a Suburban Area of Rome
Bonanni, R., & Cafazzo, S. (2014) · The Social Dog · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407818-5.00003-6 · Cited by 54
“From a functional perspective, cooperation with affiliative partners may ensure long-term reciprocation of social support and limit exploitation by cheaters (de Waal, 2008; Schino & Aureli, 2009; Berghanel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundA few misunderstandings about reciprocal altruism
Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2010) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.4161/cib.3.6.12977 · Cited by 39
Self-citationGordon, D. S., Madden, J. R., & Lea, S. E. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110045 · Cited by 45
Grooming Coercion and the Post-Conflict Trading of Social Services in Wild Barbary Macaques
McFarland, R., & Majolo, B. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026893 · Cited by 37
Direct reciprocity in animals: The roles of bonding and affective processes
Freidín, E., Carballo, F., & Bentosela, M. (2015) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12215 · Cited by 36
Why mutual helping in most natural systems is neither conflict-free nor based on maximal conflict
Bshary, R., Zuberbühler, K., & van Schaik, C. P. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0091 · Cited by 35
Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques, Macaca assamensis
Ebenau, A., von Borell, C., Penke, L., Ostner, J., & Schülke, O. (2019) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.05.020 · Cited by 39
The Evolutionary and Comparative Psychology of Social Learning and Culture
Hopper, L. M., & Whiten, A. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738182.013.0024 · Cited by 34
Grooming, social rank and ‘optimism’ in tufted capuchin monkeys: a study of judgement bias
Schino, G., Massimei, R., Pinzaglia, M., & Addessi, E. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.017 · Cited by 40
Self-citationMajolo, B., Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.026 · Cited by 37
“Others have taken an opposite stance, arguing that reciprocity is in fact common (Schino & Aureli 2009, 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrosnan, S. F., & Bshary, R. (2016) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003355 · Cited by 34
“…socalled attitudinal reciprocity, in which individuals base their decisions on their attitude towards their partner, which is in turn based upon the partner’s earlier behaviour and so is therefore both partner specific and contingent (Brosnan & de Waal, 2002; see also Schino & Aureli, 2009, 2010).”
BackgroundFriendship, reciprocation, and interchange in an individual-based model
Puga‐Gonzalez, I., Hoscheid, A., & Hemelrijk, C. K. (2015) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-014-1850-4 · Cited by 33
“This idea was further developed by Schino and Aureli (2009, 2010) to explain reciprocity over the long-term.”
BackgroundInfluentialVoluntary food sharing in pinyon jays: the role of reciprocity and dominance
Duque, J. F., & Stevens, J. R. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.020 · Cited by 33
Precise time-matching in chimpanzee allogrooming does not occur after a short delay
Phelps, S., Ng, W. L., Musolesi, M., & Russell, Y. I. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201810 · Cited by 31
Evers, E., VRIES, H. D., Spruijt, B. M., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087955 · Cited by 32
Between-group hostility affects within-group interactions in tufted capuchin monkeys
di Sorrentino, E. P., Schino, G., Massaro, L., Visalberghi, E. M., & Aureli, F. (2011) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.016 · Cited by 31
“…promoting within-group cooperation has received little attention, especially when compared with other mechanisms invoked for the maintenance of cooperation, such as reciprocity and punishment (Trivers 1971; Axelrod & Hamilton 1981; Nowak & Sigmund 1998; Fehr & Gatchter 2002; Schino & Aureli 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIndividual memory and the emergence of cooperation
Moreira, J. A. G., Vukov, J., Sousa, C., Santos, F. C., d'Almeida, A. F., Santos, M. D., & Pacheco, J. M. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.030 · Cited by 30
“This simple form of memory can maintain cooperation in larger and possibly more complex societies, in line with Schino & Aureli (2009) and other primate literature on reciprocity, establishing a well-defined association between the size of cohesive groups in which cooperation may thrive, and the…”
ResultTriadic male-infant-male interaction serves in bond maintenance in male Assamese macaques
Kalbitz, J., Schülke, O., & Ostner, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183981 · Cited by 31
Is grooming used as a commodity in wild white-handed gibbons, Hylobates lar?
Barelli, C., Reichard, U. H., & Mundry, R. (2011) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.012 · Cited by 30
“…immediate costs (while the recipient gains immediate benefits) and receives delayed benefits that depend on the future behavior of the recipient’ (Schino & Aureli 2009, page 46), we should not exclude the possibility that this somewhat simpler approach may sufficiently explain gibbons’…”
BackgroundSocial preferences influence the short-term exchange of social grooming among male bonobos
Surbeck, M., & Hohmann, G. (2014) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0826-0 · Cited by 29
Kopp, K. S., & Liebal, K. (2016) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-016-2130-2 · Cited by 31
“Psychological and contextual aspects of food sharing and other prosocial behaviors in non-human primates receive increasing attention (e.g., Penner et al. 2005; Schino and Aureli 2009; Cronin 2012; Yamamoto and Takimoto 2012).”
BackgroundDegrees of freedom in social bonds of crested macaque females
Duboscq, J., Neumann, C., Agil, M., Perwitasari‐Farajallah, D., Thierry, B., & Engelhardt, A. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.010 · Cited by 31
“…and maintenance may instead involve the reciprocal exchange of social commodities if 552 adjacently-ranked partners were generally more similar – in terms of personality, energetic needs or 553 reproductive state – or competent partners in cooperation (Chapais, 2006; Schino & Aureli, 2009).”
BackgroundChallenges in assessing the roles of nepotism and reciprocity in cooperation networks
Carter, G. G., Schino, G., & Farine, D. R. (2019) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.006 · Cited by 30
Self-citationDynamical Structure of a Traditional Amazonian Social Network
Hooper, P. L., DeDeo, S., Hooper, A. E. C., Gurven, M., & Kaplan, H. S. (2016) · Cited by 29
Are primates out of the market?
Sánchez-Amaro, A., & Amici, F. (2015) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.020 · Cited by 28
“In dyadic interactions, emotions might help primates keep track of resources and maintain cooperative exchanges through time, without requiring complex cognitive skills (Brosnan & de Waal 2002; Schino & Aureli, 2009; de Waal, 2000).”
BackgroundWitnessing, Remembering, and Testifying: Why the Past Is Special for Human Beings
Mahr, J. B., & Csibra, G. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619879167 · Cited by 31
“A number of different authors have proposed that such a tracking mechanism could have been implemented through an “attitudinal” (Brosnan & DeWaal, 2002) or emotional-scoring system in nonhuman animals (Schino & Aureli, 2009; see also Gervais & Fessler, 2017).”
BackgroundSchaffner, C. M., Slater, K. Y., & Aureli, F. (2011) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-011-0271-5 · Cited by 28
“…to partner choice based on benefits received, which relies on acrossdyad comparisons (Tiddi et al. 2011; this mechanism was called reciprocal partner choice by Schino and Aureli 2009), instead of within-dyad temporal relation between events (i.e., classical reciprocal altruism: Trivers 1971).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSocial bond dynamics and the evolution of helping
Leimar, O., & Bshary, R. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2317736121 · Cited by 27
Metadata
- Authors
- Schino, G., & Aureli, F.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council (IT)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in the Study of Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2009
- Pages
- 45-69
- ISSN
- 0065-3454 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W58966152
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 25.12
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in the study of behavior (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation (043318)
- Sixth Framework Programme
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- reciprocal altruism, primates, emotions, grooming, food sharing, mutualism, primate social cognition, affiliative behavior, evolution of altruism
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