Cited by 302Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and DisordersReading and Literacy Development

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Shared and separate systems in bilingual language processing: Converging evidence from eyetracking and brain imaging

Marian, Viorica, Spivey, Michael, Hirsch, Joy·2003·Brain and Language

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Abstract

The neurological and cognitive aspects of bilingual language processing were examined in late Russian-English bilinguals using headband-mounted eyetracking and functional neuroimaging. A series of three eyetracking studies suggested that, at early stages of word recognition, bilinguals can activate both languages in parallel, even when direct linguistic input is in one language only. A functional neuroimaging study suggested that, although the same general structures are active for both languages, differences within these general structures are present across languages and across levels of processing. For example, different centers of activation were associated with first versus second language processing within the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, but not within the Superior Temporal Gyrus. We suggest that parallel activation (as found with eyetracking) and shared cortical structures (as found with fMRI) may be characteristic of early stages of language processing (such as phonetic processing), but the two languages may be using separate structures at later stages of processing (such as lexical processing).

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Burggraaf, C. (2015) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Processing long-distance dependencies
Leal, T. (2014) · doi:10.17077/etd.4ao82dwf
“” Marinis et al. (2005) used a self-paced reading task to examine the processing of sentences involving long-distance wh-dependencies in English L2ers from different L1 backgrounds.”

Authors: Marian, V., Spivey, M., & Hirsch, J.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Marian, Viorica
ORCID: Marian, Viorica
Spivey, Michael
Venue: Brain and Language
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 86
Issue: 1
Pages: 70-82
ISSN: 0093-934X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00535-7
OpenAlex: W2137878155
Cited by: 302
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 2.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Brain and Language (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5t32mh019389-10)
National Institute of Mental Health (5T32MH019389-09)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Keywords: bilingual language processing, Russian-English bilinguals, parallel activation, word recognition, phonetic processing, lexical processing, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, levels of processing
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Cognition, Eye Movements, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Speech Perception, Multilingualism

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Shared and separate systems in bilingual language processing: Converging evidence from eyetracking and brain imaging

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