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Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries
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Many children younger than 5 years in developing countries are exposed to multiple risks, including poverty, malnutrition, poor health, and unstimulating home environments, which detrimentally affect their cognitive, motor, and social-emotional development. There are few national statistics on the development of young children in developing countries. We therefore identified two factors with available worldwide data--the prevalence of early childhood stunting and the number of people living in absolute poverty--to use as indicators of poor development. We show that both indicators are closely associated with poor cognitive and educational performance in children and use them to estimate that over 200 million children under 5 years are not fulfilling their developmental potential. Most of these children live in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. These disadvantaged children are likely to do poorly in school and subsequently have low incomes, high fertility, and provide poor care for their children, thus contributing to the intergenerational transmission of poverty.
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“Stunting in the first 5 years of life has both immediate and long-term effects in children [37].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grantham-McGregor, S., Cheung, Y. B., Cueto, S., Glewwe, P., Richter, L., & Strupp, B.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Group for the Analysis of Development (PE)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Human Sciences Research Council (ZA)
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 9555
- Pages
- 60-70
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC2270351
- OpenAlex
- W2071937436
- Cited by
- 3,630
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 146 · 2025: 198 · 2024: 213 · 2023: 223 · 2022: 202 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 280 · 2019: 229 · 2018: 207 · 2017: 253 · 2016: 256 · 2015: 195 · 2014: 194 · 2013: 171 · 2012: 151
- FWCI
- 97.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- UNICEF
- Bernard van Leer Foundation
- Wellcome Trust (068599)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Development › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- child development, absolute poverty, cognitive development, academic performance, developmental potential, developing countries, intergenerational poverty, children under five, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Female, Growth Disorders, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Risk Factors
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