The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Therapist-delivered internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Abstract
Background Despite strong evidence for its effectiveness, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) remains difficult to access. Computerised programs have been developed to improve accessibility, but whether these interventions are responsive to individual needs is unknown. We investigated the effectiveness of CBT delivered online in real time by a therapist for patients with depression in primary care.Methods In this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, 297 individuals with a score of 14 or more on the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and a confirmed diagnosis of depression were recruited from 55 general practices in Bristol, London, and Warwickshire, UK. Participants were randomly assigned, by a computer-generated code, to online CBT in addition to usual care (intervention; n=149) or to usual care from their general practitioner while on an 8-month waiting list for online CBT (control; n=148). Participants, researchers involved in recruitment, and therapists were masked in advance to allocation. The primary outcome was recovery from depression (BDI score <10) at 4 months. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN 45444578.Findings 113 participants in the intervention group and 97 in the control group completed 4-month follow-up. 43 (38%) patients recovered from depression (BDI score <10) in the intervention group versus 23 (24%) in the control group at 4 months (odds ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.23-4.67; p=0.011), and 46 (42%) versus 26 (26%) at 8 months (2.07, 1.11-3.87; p=0.023).Interpretation CBT seems to be effective when delivered online in real time by a therapist, with benefits maintained over 8 months. This method of delivery could broaden access to CBT.Funding BUPA Foundation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“while internet treatment can be presented in real time [35], most treatment applications will not require that the work is performed at a particular time, and this is an advantage for both patients and clinicians.”
From The promise and pitfalls of the internet for cognitive behavioral therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Psychotherapy has also been provided effectively and with reasonable effect sizes via instant messaging (12).”
From Behavioral Intervention Technologies: Evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Internet-enabled CBT has been shown to be clinically effective for the treatment of depression16 and is currently deployed within IAPT.”
From Quantifying the association between psychotherapy content and clinical outcomes using deep learning (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Ten therapist-delivered sessions of CBT over the internet were effective in reducing depression at 4 and 8 months (equivalent to our short-term measures).71”
In the citing paper
“The attrition rates in this study were equal or lower compared with several similar studies on guided Web-based interventions for depression with long-term follow-up assessments [67,73,74].”
From Long-Term Results of a Web-Based Guided Self-Help Intervention for Employees With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“However, despite similar delivery context and study design, there are important differences between the therapist-supported intervention in the study by Kessler et al. [28] and the nonguided intervention in the study by de Graaf et al. [19].”
From Internet-based psychological treatments for depression (2012) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
EuroQol: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life
(1990) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9 · Cited by 15,736
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Kirsch, I., Deacon, B. J., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Scoboria, A., Moore, T. J., & Johnson, B. T. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045 · Cited by 2,442
Lewis, G., Pelosi, A. J., Araya, R., & Dunn, G. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700030415 · Cited by 1,487
Self-citationMetacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence
Teasdale, J. D., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., Williams, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.2.275 · Cited by 1,221
Cognitive Therapy vs Medications in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression
DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Young, P. R., Salomon, R. M., O’Reardon, J. P., Lovett, M. L., Gladis, M. M., Brown, L. L., et al. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.409 · Cited by 989
Delivering interventions for depression by using the internet: randomised controlled trial
Christensen, H. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.37945.566632.ee · Cited by 928
Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2000) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.121 · Cited by 721
The revised cognitive therapy scale (CTS-R): psychometric properties.
Blackburn, I.-M., James, I. A., Milne, D. L., Baker, C., Standart, S., Garland, A., & Reichelt, F. K. (2001) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465801004040 · Cited by 568
Proudfoot, J., Ryden, C., Everitt, B., Shapiro, D. A., Goldberg, D., Mann, A., Tylee, A., Marks, I., & Gray, J. A. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.1.46 · Cited by 516
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- van Schaik, 2002, Effectiveness of psychotherapy for depressive disorder in primary care: a systematic review, Tijdschr Psychiatr, 44, 609
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–387 of 387
A Comprehensive Review on the Neuropharmacological Effects of Antidepressants in Various Prospects
Varshney, S., Alam, A., Kaur, A., & Sharma, S. (2023) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556011666230707122341 · Cited by 2
How Online Counselling Is Utilised, Evaluated, and Received
Agathokleous, G., & Taiwo, A. O. (2021) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7991-6.ch011 · Cited by 2
“Several randomized controlled trials that have included a treatment condition using synchronous or asynchronous online counselling have reported significant post-treatment and follow-up effects (Kessler et al., 2009; van der Vaartet al., 2014).”
BackgroundSpecial Ethical Considerations in Sandplay Therapy
Loue, S., & Parkinson, J. (2015) · SpringerBriefs in social work · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14118-3_7 · Cited by 2
Current Advances in the Treatment of Major Depression: Shift Towards Receptor Specific Drugs
Kumar, A. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/52298 · Cited by 2
“CBT can also be implemented in different ways such as internet based CBT, self-help guidebooks or even telephone CBT which can be helpful in primary care (Kessler et al., 2009; Simon et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBrief Discussion on Current Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cai, H., Wei, S., Han, X., Xu, L., Sha, X., & Hu, B. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23344-4_41 · Cited by 2
Davies, S. R., Caldwell, D. M., Dawson, S., Sampson, S. J., Welton, N. J., Wiles, N., Kessler, D. S., Miljanović, M., Milunović, V., Peters, T., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013184 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLe terapie on-line: opportunità o ripiego?
Paoli, B., & Procacci, M. (2021) · QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA · doi:10.3280/qpc47-2020oa11204 · Cited by 2
INTERNET-BASED TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION AND PANIC DISORDER From Development to Deployment
Bergström, J. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 2
Saraf, P., Rahman, T., & Jamison, J. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8872 · Cited by 2
Effects of Chatting Styles on Sharers’ Emotions During Online ConversationsPreprint
Ma, G. W. S., Pavey, C., Eiroa-Solans, C., & Parkinson, B. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/exbnz · Cited by 2
Pugh, N. E. (2014) · oURspace (University of Regina) · doi:10.82465/5755 · Cited by 2
Mathiasen, K., Andersen, T. E., Lichtenstein, M. B., Riper, H., Kleiboer, A., & Roessler, K. K. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.36577 · Cited by 2
Télépsychothérapie et COVID-long, une indication envisageable ?
Prudent, C., Batt, M., Gamraoui, S., Danan, J.-L., & Klos, J.-Y. (2024) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.012 · Cited by 1
Munteanu, T., Kannis‐Dymand, L., Millear, P. M. R., & Jones, M. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2024-4-6 · Cited by 1
“CBT interventions can be successfully delivered through various platforms including mobile applications (Howell et al., 2019; Kessler et al., 2009; Wootton et al., 2018).”
BackgroundTallon, D., Thomas, L., Brabyn, S., Ching, B. C. F., Fox, F. E., Hahn, J. S., Jude, B., Li, J., López-López, J. A., Stawarz, K., et al. (2025) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/gjnw3912 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAlNamlah, L. A., & Kofi, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine · doi:10.22271/27069567.2020.v2.i2a.50 · Cited by 1
“Several studies recognized the need for integrated treatment models in primary care settings to account for mental illnesses ([12-14]).”
BackgroundContext sensitivity: A prognostic patient characteristic for digital psychotherapy
Hull, T. D. (2021) · doi:10.7916/d8-ymp7-ny97 · Cited by 1
“Synchronous MMS, or “live chat,” has been used to directly deliver psychotherapy and was shown to be effective in improving symptom remission when combined with a primary care provider (Kessler et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBerger, T. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23031-8.00035-2 · Cited by 1
Špecifiká online poradenstva v pomáhajúcich profesiách : učebné texty
Kaliská, L., Minarovičová, K., Kozubík, M., & Ďurechová, A. B. (2024) · Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici eBooks · doi:10.24040/2023.9788055720883 · Cited by 1
Patients’ reasons for declining a primary care trial online therapy: a mixed-methods study
Fox, F. E., Tallon, D., Shafran, R., Lanham, P., Williams, C. J., Jude, B., Wiles, N., Kessler, D., & Turner, K. M. (2025) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2024.0272 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEffects of Chatting Styles on Sharers’ Emotions During Online Conversations
Ma, G. W. S., Pavey, C., Eiroa-Solans, C., & Parkinson, B. (2025) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.70003 · Cited by 1
Tallon, D., Thomas, L., Brabyn, S., Ching, B. C. F., Hahn, J. S., Jude, B., Li, J., Logan, M. X., Burrage, A., Gilbody, S. M., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Primary Care · doi:10.1016/j.lanprc.2026.100164 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGratzer, D., Khalid-Khan, F., & Khalid‐Khan, S. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/60816 · Cited by 1
Granados, C., & Vargas-Nieto, J. C. (2015) · Enfoques · doi:10.24267/23898798.211 · Cited by 1
Computer-Aided Psychotherapy Technologies
Jacob, M., & Storch, E. (2015) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14109-1_4
Healthcare technology, patient engagement and adherence : systems and business opportunity analysis
Jog, C. R. (2012) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Internet-delivered treatments for generalized anxiety disorder
Paxling, B. (2011) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · Cited by 1
Tyrer, P. J. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.200.5.438 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial assessment and self-management of chronic pain
Voerman, J. S. (2015) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
CBT in Affective Disorders – New Frontiers
Wolkenstein, L., & Hautzinger, M. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/54236
Towards simulation of patient data for evaluation of E-health platform and services.
Lo, O., Lü, F., Buchanan, W. J., Thüemmler, C., & Lawson, A. (2012) · Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)
de Jesús, J., Sánchez, O., Celina, M., Ibarra, A., Alberto, C., & López, R. (2015)
Cognitive behavioural therapy for treatmentresistant depression
Eriksson, E. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61118-6
Online preventie en kortdurende behandeling van depressie: haalbaar, schaalbaar en effectief?
Riper, H. M. (2011) · Bijblijven · doi:10.1007/s12414-011-0067-y
Recente ontwikkelingen in de psychotherapie
Huibers, M. J. H., & van Marwijk, H. (2014) · Huisarts en Wetenschap · doi:10.1007/s12445-014-0130-x
CHILDREN AND PARENTS' EXPERIENCES WITH DISTANCE MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT
Lingley‐Pottie, P. (2011)
The (Dis)embodied and Equivocal Discourses of Pro-Ana Websites
Horton, O. R. (2014) · doi:10.14418/wes01.1.124
“As Love (2007) argues with respect to valuing the painful history of gay experience currently threatened by erasure: “Backward feelings serve as an index to the ruined state of the social world” (27).”
BackgroundOnline cognitive behavioural therapy is effective for depression in primary care
Andersson, G. (2010) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmh.13.2.50
Activity Recognition in an Autonomous Environment Using Sensor Fusion
Wonders, M., Ghassemlooy, Z. F., & Hossain, I. (2012)
Terapeuters och patienters tankar om vad som är verksamt i individuell
Lindgren, O. (2011)
Wie wirksam sind internetbasierte Programme?
Meyer, B., Jacob, G. A., & Weiss, M. (2014) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-014-0587-7
Clinical aspects of childbirth-related anxiety
Nieminen, K. (2016) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-126494
“There are also real-time, chat-based Internet treatments, with continuous therapist input (Kessler et al. 2009).”
BackgroundHegerl, U., Rummel‐Kluge, C., & Heinz, I. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz
Depression im Alter – Strategien für Diagnostik und Therapie
Wächtler, C. (2014) · DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater · doi:10.1007/s15202-014-0632-1
Hunkeler, E. M., Hargreaves, A. D., Meresman, J. F., Lee, J., Simon, G. E., & Bauer, S. (2012)
Online Psychotherapy for Depression
Roy‐Byrne, P. (2009) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jp200909280000002
Depression in Primary Care: Continuing Diagnostic Challenge and New Therapeutic Options
Soloway, B. (2009) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jw200909030000003
Vom Kompetenznetz Depression, Suizidalität zur Stiftung Deutsche Depressionshilfe
Hegerl, U., Rummel‐Kluge, C., & Heinz, I. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-016-2310-2
A Case Study: The Factors Associated With Student Homelessness
Hudspeth, B. (2016) · Digital Commons - ACU (Abilene Christian University)
Young people's contact with healthcare before and after suicidal behaviour
Idenfors, H. (2016) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Derguy, C., Foucaud, J., & M’Baïlara, K. (2017) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2017.09.002
True technology-enabled mental health care: trust, agency and ageing
Burch, S., Preston, C., & Bateup, S. (2018) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth.2018.08.02
“(5) have previously demonstrated its effectiveness as a mode of treatment, whilst our analysis of secondary data suggests it has considerable potential as an intervention for older people (6).”
ResultSmart Chronic Care – Zusammenarbeit zur Versorgung chronisch Kranker
Sutter, A., Schenk, M., & Binder, C. (2019) · Primary and Hospital Care Allgemeine Innere Medizin · doi:10.4414/phc-d.2019.10048
Smart Chronic Care – Collaboration pour la prise en charge des patients malades chroniques
Sutter, A., Schenk, M., & Binder, C. (2019) · Primary and hospital care médecine interne générale · doi:10.4414/phc-f.2019.10048
New technologies applied as alternative approaches in averting depression
Blithe Group, Ngabo-Woods, H., Instituto ITACA, U. P. D. V., Cuesta, S. A., Garcia-Gomez, J. M., & Instituto ITACA, U. P. D. V. (2017) · doi:10.46844/bri.17.00001.1
Possible applications of companion systems in psychotherapy - perspectives on a new technology
Walter, S., Haase, M., Oschlies-Strobel, A., Jerg‐Bretzke, L., Traue, H. C., & Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K. (2017) · doi:10.1109/icct42709.2017.9151910
“The majority of assistance systems currently in use are mental health programs, used for example to treat depression ([23]; [35]), anxiety”
BackgroundClassic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Pagel, J. F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55909-0_10
(2010) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283423055
Pilot evaluation of integrated CBT for depression
Tallon, D. (2018) · http://isrctn.com/ · doi:10.1186/isrctn14850613
Gaggioli, A. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.1519
Andersson, G. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp079
(2012) · Le Journal des psychologues · doi:10.3917/jdp.301.0043
Gilbody, S. M., Kendrick, T., & Gask, L. L. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623038.028
Schram, M. T. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.726858486.793549221
Skelton, M., Catarino, A., Brown, S. A. T., Carr, E., Davies, M. R., Peel, A. J., Rayner, C., Breen, G. D., & Eley, T. C. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104386
Plante, T. G. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394259014.refs
Current and Future Trends and Challenges
Plante, T. G. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781394259014.ch14
CBT-Darts: Identifying Cognitive Distortions in an Immersive VR Game
Camacho, É., Campos, P., & Bala, P. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences · doi:10.1145/3639701.3661086
“While, CBT is usually delivered in a clinical setting through face-to-face sessions with a psychotherapist [8], digital interventions, either therapist-guided [17] or self-guided [16] have shown positive results.”
BackgroundThe Necessity and Acceptability of Text Message Therapy to Peripartum Mothers
Guiroy, I. M., Rodman, J., Kuhn, E. R., & Semple, R. J. (2024) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2024.0354
Guiroy, I. M., Caicedo, B. I., Nouri, R., Kuhn, E. R., & Semple, R. J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.24314851
“…therapy (CBT) for depression delivered by a licensed psychotherapist via text messages decreased depressive symptoms more than those receiving usual care from their primary care provider, with benefits being maintained eight months following the intervention (Kessler et al., 2009).”
BackgroundGuiroy, I. M., Caicedo, B. I., Nouri, R., Kuhn, E. R., & Semple, R. J. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00482-6
O’Driscoll, C., Buckman, J. E. J., Fried, E. I., Saunders, R., Cohen, Z. D., Ambler, G., DeRubeis, R. J., Gilbody, S., Hollon, S. D., Kendrick, T., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14545012
Self-citationTallon, D., Thomas, L., Brabyn, S., Ching, B. C. F., Hahn, J. S., Jude, B., Logan, M. X., Burrage, A., Fox, F. E., Gilbody, S., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598524
Self-citationHull, T. D., Malgaroli, M., Connolly, P. S., Feuerstein, S., & Simon, N. M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12477005
Recent Progress in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression
孙, 玉. (2025) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2025.1512662
Badenoch, J., Stiles, L. I., David, A. S., Lewis, G., Buckman, J. E. J., & Rogers, J. P. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.25342551
Self-citationOphir, Y. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08920-7 · Cited by 1
Mostazir, M., Buckman, J. E. J., Wiles, N., Lewis, G., Pilling, S., Saunders, R., Kessler, D. S., Salisbury, C., Ambler, G., Cohen, Z. D., et al. (2026) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-025-02760-6
Self-citationPihlaja, S., Lipsanen, J. O., Ritola, V., Stenberg, J., & Joffe, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1704049
Engagement and Outcomes Associated With Message-Based Psychotherapy Among Older and Younger Adults
Renn, B. N., Peake, E. E., Brody, L. A., Padmanabhan, A., & Raue, P. J. (2026) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2026.06.016
Haimi, M., Almeida‐Antunes, N., Ferreira, S., & Rocha, N. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/92522
“Despite pharmacological and psychotherapeutic options [2,3], roughly 30% to 50% of patients do not achieve adequate response to first-line interventions [4], and access to care is constrained by cost, travel, and limited specialist availability.”
Shahtou, A., Qari, S. A., Al-Ghamdi, A. S., Asiri, A. M., Hayati, M. A., Shaikh, A. Y., Aljamea, J. H., Qutub, H. M., Alqahtani, S. M. M., Alqarni, A. A., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.118109
Dinet, J., Verdel, H., & Schneider, B. (2026) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2026.09.002
Metadata
- Authors
- Kessler, D., Lewis, G., Kaur, S., Wiles, N., King, M., Weich, S., Sharp, D. J., Araya, R., Hollinghurst, S., & Peters, T. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kessler, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 374
- Issue
- 9690
- Pages
- 628-634
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2130951278
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 28.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2007-25-001)
- Bupa Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- online therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, primary care, access to mental health care, recovery from depression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, England, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Internet, International Classification of Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
