Pancreatic cancer
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 10% in the USA, and it is becoming an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality. Risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and tobacco use. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to lack of or vague symptoms when the cancer is still localised. High quality computed tomography with intravenous contrast using a dual phase pancreatic protocol is typically the best method to detect a pancreatic tumour and to determine surgical resectability. Endoscopic ultrasound is an increasingly used complementary staging modality which also allows for diagnostic confirmation when combined with fine needle aspiration. Patients with pancreatic cancer are often divided into one of four categories based on extent of disease: resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, and metastatic; patient condition is also an important consideration. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, and advancements in adjuvant chemotherapy have improved long-term outcomes in these patients. Systemic chemotherapy combinations including FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil, folinic acid [leucovorin], irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel remain the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced disease. Data on the benefit of PARP inhibition as maintenance therapy in patients with germline BRCA1 or BRACA2 mutations migh…
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EUS and its related techniques, such as CE-EUS and EUS elastography, show high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing pancreatic diseases, and EUS can guide tissue sampling to obtain pathological information.
“EUS and its related techniques, such as CE-EUS and EUS elastography, show high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing pancreatic diseases. Furthermore, it is frequently used to identify regional lymph nodes and assess the relationship of tumors to nearby vascular structures 19,97. In addition, EUS can guide tissue sampling to obtain pathological information about the cancerous tissue 20,98.”
From Artificial intelligence in pancreatic cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [97]
In general, 15-20% of patients are eligible for curative surgery.
“In general, 15–20% of patients are eligible for curative surgery (38), and the patients in this study were often diagnosed with less disease progression.”
From Suspicious findings observed retrospectively on CT imaging performed before the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
At diagnosis, only 10-15% of pancreatic cancer patients have localised disease and are potential candidates for curative resection.
“At diagnosis, only 10–15% of patients have localised disease and are potential candidates for curative resection [2, 3].”
From Systematic review of caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life among informal caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The overall survival at 5-years for pancreatic cancer is 6-10%, due in large part to late diagnosis which precludes curative resections.
“The overall survival at 5-years is 6–10%, due in large part to late diagnosis which precludes curative resections [1, 2].”
From Systematic review of caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life among informal caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Even for pancreatic cancer patients who received resection, the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 25% because of early recurrence.
“Even for patients who received resection, the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 25% because of early recurrence [1, 2].”
From Systematic review of caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life among informal caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Cancer patients tend to experience severe symptoms more frequently and have a sharper decline in quality-of-life compared to other chronic diseases, particularly in pancreatic cancer.
“Cancer patients tend to experience severe symptoms more frequently and to have a sharper decline in quality-of-life when compared to other chronic diseases [29]; this is particularly true in pancreatic cancer [2].”
From Systematic review of caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life among informal caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Mizrahi, J. D., Surana, R., Valle, J. W., & Shroff, R. T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of Arizona Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shroff, Rachna T
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 10242
- Pages
- 2008-2020
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4211253487
- Cited by
- 2,559
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 260 · 2025: 396 · 2024: 524 · 2023: 520 · 2022: 533 · 2021: 300 · 2020: 22 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 36.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009666)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- pancreatic cancer, risk factors, obesity, type 2 diabetes, tobacco use, family history (medicine), computed tomography staging, endoscopic ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration, borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, PARP inhibition, BRCA1, BRCA2, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Contrast Media, DNA Damage, Humans, Immunotherapy, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neoplasm Staging, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Survival Rate, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Tumor Microenvironment, Administration, Intravenous, Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
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