Design and other types of fixation
Integrity signals
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Prior work has extensively documented what usability issues experts identify, but far less is known about how experts reason through these issues across stages of perception, interpretation, and projection.
“While prior work has extensively documented what usability issues experts identify [35, 52], far less is known about how experts reason through these issues across stages of perception, interpretation, and projection [43, 76].”
From Criticmate: Stagewise Human–AI Co-Critique in Single-Screen UI Evaluation (2026) · cites this paper as [76]
When SA stages are disrupted, people tend to fixate and explore less effectively; conversely, scaffolding the cycle from perception through comprehension to projection can broaden search and improve outcomes.
“Prior research shows that when these stages are disrupted, people tend to fi xate and explore less effectively; conversely, scaffolding the cycle from perception through comprehension to projection can broaden search and improve outcomes [43, 46, 76].”
From Criticmate: Stagewise Human–AI Co-Critique in Single-Screen UI Evaluation (2026) · cites this paper as [76]
Creative design processes are subject to measurable fixation effects, through which final proposed solutions are inappropriately constrained by features of earlier solution candidates.
“Creative design processes are subject to measurable fixation effects [21, 42, 71], through which the final proposed solutions to a design problem are inappropriately constrained by features of earlier solution candidates [2]”
From Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Authors
- Purcell, A. T., & Gero, J. S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- ORCID
- Gero, John S.
- Venue
- Design Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 363-383
- ISSN
- 0142-694X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976933533
- Cited by
- 552
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Design Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Architecture › Engineering Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- design fixation, functional fixedness, design problem solving, design process, design education, human problem solving
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