The DOI matches its Crossref record; 115 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Tests with high g loadings demand higher cognitive complexity, and tests with low g loadings demand lower cognitive complexity [3,5].”
From Spearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“which is consistently associated with academic, social, and vocational success [20,21].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Klitgaard, R. E., & Gardner, H. (1984) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324560 · Cited by 13,639
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A META‐ANALYSIS
BARRICK, M. R., & MOUNT, M. K. (1991) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x · Cited by 8,689
Schwarz, S. (1941) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/schw92626-009 · Cited by 4,698
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life.
Preston, S. H., Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. A. (1995) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/2137757 · Cited by 4,027
Denning, P. J. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/358150.358154 · Cited by 3,927
Human cognitive abilities a survey of factor-analytic studies
Carroll, J. B. (2004) · Cited by 3,395
Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America
Buckles, S. G., & Jencks, C. (1973) · The Journal of Economic Education · doi:10.2307/1182840 · Cited by 2,364
A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform
National Commission on Excellence in Education (1983) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/461348 · Cited by 2,341
Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance.
Hunter, J. E., & Hunter, R. F. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.1.72 · Cited by 2,107
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Gottfredson, 1985, Education as a valid but fallible signal of worker quality: Reorienting an old debate about the functional basis of the occupational hierarchy, Vol. 5
- 1986, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29
- Gottfredson, 1996, What do we know about intelligence?, American Scholar, 15
- 1988, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33
- Harvey, 1991, Job analysis, Vol. 2
- Hogan, 1991, Physical abilities, Vol. 2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,001
Intelligence 2.0: Reestablishing a Research Program on g in I–O Psychology
Scherbaum, C. A., Goldstein, H. W., Yusko, K. P., Ryan, R., & Hanges, P. J. (2012) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2012.01419.x · Cited by 64
Investing in Early Childhood Development in Preschool and at Home
Duncan, G. J., Kalil, A., Mogstad, M., & Rege, M. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29985 · Cited by 68
National intelligence and personality: Their relationships and impact on national economic success
Stolarski, M., Zajenkowski, M., & Meisenberg, G. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.11.003 · Cited by 58
Intelligence as a Developing Function: A Neuroconstructivist Approach
Rinaldi, L., & Karmiloff‐Smith, A. (2017) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence5020018 · Cited by 70
Lin, X. (2020) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-020-09554-w · Cited by 69
The social and scientific temporal correlates of genotypic intelligence and the Flynn effect
Menie, M. A. W. O. (2012) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.12.002 · Cited by 57
Brain Imaging Studies of Intelligence and Creativity: What is the Picture for Education?
Haier, R. J., & Jung, R. E. (2008) · Roeper Review · doi:10.1080/02783190802199347 · Cited by 60
Does Cultural Background Influence the Intellectual Performance of Children from Immigrant Groups?
Nijenhuis, J. T., Tolboom, E., Resing, W. C. M., & Bleichrodt, N. (2003) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.20.1.10 · Cited by 60
Graduate Skills Assessment : Stage One Validity Study
Hambur, S., Rowe, K., & Le, L. T. (2002) · Cited by 57
A Role for the X Chromosome in Sex Differences in Variability in General Intelligence?
Johnson, W., Carothers, A. D., & Deary, I. J. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01168.x · Cited by 57
Reeve, C. L. L. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.07.006 · Cited by 59
Hough, L. M., & Oswald, F. L. (2005) · Human Performance · doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1804_4 · Cited by 64
Baniqued, P. L., Allen, C. M., Kranz, M. B., Johnson, K., Sipolins, A., Dickens, C., Ward, N., Geyer, A., & Kramer, A. F. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142169 · Cited by 64
Let's Not Do Away with Comprehensive Cognitive Assessments Just Yet
Schneider, W. J., & Kaufman, A. S. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acw104 · Cited by 60
Clinical Interpretation of the WISC-IV FSIQ and GAI
Saklofske, D. H., Prifitera, A., Weiss, L. G., Rolfhus, E. L., & Zhu, J. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012564931-5/50003-7 · Cited by 58
Warne, R. T., Astle, M. C., & Hill, J. C. (2018) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000038 · Cited by 58
Exploring the various interpretations of “test bias”.
Warne, R. T., Yoon, M., & Price, C. J. (2014) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036503 · Cited by 65
The moderation of conscientiousness by cognitive ability when predicting workplace safety behavior
Postlethwaite, B. E., Robbins, S. B., Rickerson, J., & McKinniss, T. L. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.008 · Cited by 55
SMART POLICY: COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST
Bostrom, N., Roache, R., & Martin, J. E. (2009) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 54
IQ interpretation for children with flat and variable test profiles
Fiorello, C. A., Hale, J. B., McGrath, M., Ryan, K., & Quinn, S. (2002) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s1041-6080(02)00075-4 · Cited by 51
McGill, R. J., & Spurgin, A. R. (2016) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21940 · Cited by 53
Validation of a Latent Variable Representing the Dementing Process
Royall, D. R., Palmer, R. F., & O’Bryant, S. E. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-120055 · Cited by 53
An envisioned bridge: Schooling as a neurocognitive developmental institution
Baker, D. P., Salinas, D., & Eslinger, P. J. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.12.001 · Cited by 57
Arendasy, M. E., & Sommer, M. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.11.005 · Cited by 53
Why do IQ scores predict job performance?
Byington, E. K., & Felps, W. (2010) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2010.08.003 · Cited by 56
Mõttus, R., Realo, A., Allïk, J., Esko, T., Metspalu, A., & Johnson, W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119667 · Cited by 56
Reeve, C. L. L., & Lam, H. (2005) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.05.003 · Cited by 54
Kosiński, M., Bachrach, Y., Kasneci, G., Gael, J. V., & Graepel, T. (2012) · ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci) · doi:10.1145/2380718.2380739 · Cited by 59
Reeve, C. L. L. (2009) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.06.003 · Cited by 51
Parasite prevalence and the distribution of intelligence among the states of the USA
Eppig, C., Fincher, C. L., & Thornhill, R. (2011) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.02.008 · Cited by 54
Lin, X., & Powell, S. R. (2021) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543211054576 · Cited by 60
Crowd IQ -- Aggregating Opinions to Boost PerformancePreprint
Kosiński, M., Bachrach, Y., Graepel, T., Kasneci, G., & Gael, J. V. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.5555/2343576.2343653 · Cited by 54
What If We Took Our Models Seriously? Estimating Latent Scores in Individuals
Schneider, W. J. (2013) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282913478046 · Cited by 51
The big g‐factor of national cognitive ability
Rindermann, H. (2007) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.658 · Cited by 54
Increased intelligence is a myth (so far)
Haier, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00034 · Cited by 57
Deary, I. J., Johnson, W., Gow, A. J., Pattie, A., Brett, C. E., Bates, T. C., & Starr, J. M. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr059 · Cited by 51
Ebisch, S. J. H., Perrucci, M. G., Mercuri, P., Romanelli, R., Mantini, D., Romani, G. L., Colom, R., & Saggino, A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.053 · Cited by 53
Numerical and Arithmetical Cognition: Performance of Low- and Average-IQ Children
Hoard, M. K., Geary, D. C., & Hamson, C. O. (1999) · Mathematical Cognition · doi:10.1080/135467999387324 · Cited by 49
Asking the Right Questions About g
Reeve, C. L. L., & Hakel, M. D. (2002) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.1080/08959285.2002.9668083 · Cited by 51
Vocational interests of intellectually gifted and highly achieving young adults
Vock, M., Köller, O., & Nagy, G. (2012) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02063.x · Cited by 49
Preliminary Real-World Evidence That Average Human Intelligence Really is Rising
Howard, R. W. (1999) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(99)00018-5 · Cited by 46
Gonzalez-Mule, E. N., & Cockburn, B. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000501 · Cited by 53
Cognitive abilities independent of IQ correlate with regional brain structure
Johnson, W., Jung, R. E., Colom, R., & Haier, R. J. (2007) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.01.005 · Cited by 48
Gagné, F. (2005) · Gifted Child Quarterly · doi:10.1177/001698620504900204 · Cited by 48
Rare Copy Number Deletions Predict Individual Variation in Intelligence
Yeo, R. A., Gangestad, S. W., Liu, J., Calhoun, V. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016339 · Cited by 46
The search for worthy leadership.
Thompson, A. D., Grahek, M., Phillips, R. E., & Fay, C. L. (2008) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/1065-9293.60.4.366 · Cited by 47
Silventoinen, K., Modig, K., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2007) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e328014672e · Cited by 46
Well-being and economic freedom: Evidence from the States
Belasen, A. R., & Hafer, R. W. (2012) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.03.002 · Cited by 47
Woodley, M. A., te Nijenhuis, J., Must, O., & Must, A. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.004 · Cited by 46
Roorda, D., Königs, M., Schattenkerk, L. D. E., van der Steeg, L., van Heurn, E. L. W., & Oosterlaan, J. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2021-322158 · Cited by 46
Beyond “Use It or Lose It”: The Impact of Engagement on Cognitive Aging
Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L., & Manavbasi, I. E. (2022) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121020-030017 · Cited by 52
Clues of subjective social status among young adults
Nielsen, F., Roos, J. M., & Combs, R. M. (2015) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.02.006 · Cited by 46
The Gifted Rating Scales-School Form: A Validation Study Based on Age, Gender, and Race
Pfeiffer, S. I., Petscher, Y., & Kumtepe, A. T. (2008) · Roeper Review · doi:10.1080/02783190801955418 · Cited by 46
Plomin, R. J. (2003) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10480-011 · Cited by 45
Schmidt, F. L. (2017) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000033 · Cited by 45
Improving intergroup attitudes and reducing stereotype threat: An integrated contact model
Crisp, R. J., & Abrams, D. (2008) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280802547171 · Cited by 46
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, INTELLIGENCE, AND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Williams, B., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2008) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.90-219 · Cited by 42
A place at the policy table? Behavior genetics and estimates of family environmental effects on IQ
Rowe, D. (1997) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90015-5 · Cited by 44
Beyond Qualifications: Returns to Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Skills in Colombia
Sarzosa, M., Acosta, P. A., & Muller, N. (2015) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7430 · Cited by 44
Barkl, S. J., Porter, A. W., & Ginns, P. (2012) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21638 · Cited by 44
Meter, A. V., Youngstrom, E. A., Youngstrom, J. K., Ollendick, T. H., Demeter, C., & Findling, R. L. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.883930 · Cited by 44
The “Other IQ”: Historiometric Assessments of Intelligence and Related Constructs
Simonton, D. K. (2009) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017141 · Cited by 43
Helping Disadvantaged and Spatially Talented Students Fulfill Their Potential
Wai, J., & Worrell, F. C. (2015) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732215621310 · Cited by 43
Reassessing the relationship between general intelligence and self-control in childhood
Meldrum, R. C., Petkovsek, M. A., Boutwell, B. B., & Young, J. T. N. (2016) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.10.005 · Cited by 46
Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Short Grit Scale
Wyszyńska, P., Ponikiewska, K., Karaś, D., Najderska, M., & Rogoza, R. (2017) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1515/ppb-2017-0026 · Cited by 54
Marks, G. N., & McMillan, J. (2003) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1080/0007131032000143555 · Cited by 43
Intelligence, but not emotional intelligence, predicts Iowa Gambling Task performance
Demaree, H. A., Burns, K. J., & DeDonno, M. A. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.12.004 · Cited by 42
Cognitive Ability in Personnel Selection Decisions
Öneş, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Dilchert, S. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781405164221.ch7 · Cited by 44
Investing in early childhood development in preschool and at home
Duncan, G. J., Kalil, A., Mogstad, M., & Rege, M. (2023) · Handbook of the economics of education · doi:10.1016/bs.hesedu.2022.11.005 · Cited by 62
Intellectual Functioning in Children with Early Shunted Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
Lacy, M. A., Pyykkonen, B., Hunter, S. J., Do, T., Oliveira, M., Austria, E., Mottlow, D., Larson, E., & Frim, D. M. (2008) · Pediatric Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000149904 · Cited by 41
Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Caspi, A., Gregory, A. M., Harrington, H., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4584 · Cited by 43
Causes and Consequences of Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Course
Hauser, R. M. (2010) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x10363171 · Cited by 41
Cognitive demands of the workplace.
Hunt, E. B., & Madhyastha, T. M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics · doi:10.1037/a0026177 · Cited by 45
Competencies, occupational status, and earnings among European university graduates
Blázquez, M., Sánchez, A. H., & Llorente-Heras, R. (2017) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.10.006 · Cited by 44
Euler, M. J. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.013 · Cited by 42
Cochrane, A., Simmering, V. R., & Green, C. S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221353 · Cited by 46
Occupation and income related to psychometric g
Nyborg, H., & Jensen, A. R. (2001) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(00)00042-8 · Cited by 41
Practice and Coaching on IQ Tests: Quite a Lot of g
Nijenhuis, J. T., Voskuijl, O. F., & Schijve, N. B. (2001) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00182 · Cited by 42
Williams, W. M., & Ceci, S. J. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.52.11.1226 · Cited by 42
Dong, M., Weststrate, N. M., & Fournier, M. A. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221114096 · Cited by 51
Use of factor mixture modeling to capture Spearman's law of diminishing returns☆
Reynolds, M. R., Keith, T. Z., & Beretvas, S. N. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.01.002 · Cited by 33
Social and Cultural Barriers: Understanding Musculoskeletal Health Literacy*
Rosenbaum, A. J., Uhl, R. L., Rankin, E. A., & Mulligan, M. T. (2016) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.o.00718 · Cited by 40
Willoughby, E. A., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., Rustichini, A., & Lee, J. J. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0494-1 · Cited by 43
No evidence for general intelligence in a fish
Aellen, M., Burkart, J. M., & Bshary, R. (2022) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.13275 · Cited by 43
Home country national intelligence and self-employment rates among immigrants in Norway
Vinogradov, E., & Kolvereid, L. (2009) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.09.004 · Cited by 39
Intelligence and the Workplace
Drasgow, F. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei1206 · Cited by 41
Democratic Reason : The Mechanisms of Collective Intelligence in Politics
Landemore, H. E. (2008) · doi:10.60527/w8ad-fj69 · Cited by 39
Nutritional status, brain network organization, and general intelligence
Zamroziewicz, M. K., Talukdar, M. T., Zwilling, C. E., & Barbey, A. K. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.043 · Cited by 39
Warne, R. T. (2018) · Gifted Child Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0016986218799433 · Cited by 52
Crystallized and fluid intelligence are predicted by microstructure of specific white‐matter tracts
Góngora, D., Vega‐Hernández, M., Jahanshahi, M., Valdes-Sosa, P. A., Bringas-Vega, M. L., & CHBMP (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24848 · Cited by 38
Fluid ability, crystallized ability, and performance across multiple domains
Postlethwaite, B. E. (2011) · doi:10.17077/etd.zopi8wvs · Cited by 45
Does test anxiety induce measurement bias in cognitive ability tests?
Reeve, C. L. L., & Bonaccio, S. (2008) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.11.003 · Cited by 41
Mechanisms linking parental education and stunting
Wachs, T. D. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60144-0 · Cited by 38
Ntolka, E., & Παπαδάτου-Παστού, Μ. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.007 · Cited by 36
Flores-Mendoza, C. E., Ardila, R., Gallegos, M., & Colareta, N. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.632289 · Cited by 42
Malanchini, M., Rimfeld, K., Gidziela, A., Cheesman, R., Allegrini, A. G., Shakeshaft, N. G., Schofield, K. L., Packer, A. E., Ogden, R., McMillan, A. J., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01300-0 · Cited by 38
Core self-evaluations interact with cognitive ability to predict academic achievement
Rosopa, P. J., & Schroeder, A. N. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.028 · Cited by 38
The Nature and Nurture of High IQ
Brant, A. M., Munakata, Y., Boomsma, D. I., DeFries, J. C., Haworth, C. M. A., Keller, M. C., Martin, N. G., McGue, M., Petrill, S. A., Plomin, R. J., et al. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612473119 · Cited by 42
Issues in the Cognitive Development of Exceptionally and Profoundly Gifted Individuals
Gross, M. U. M. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043796-5/50013-9 · Cited by 38
Grier, R. A. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making · doi:10.1177/1555343412444606 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Gottfredson, L. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gottfredson, Linda S.
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-132
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079072929
- Cited by
- 1,408
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 24.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Keywords
- general intelligence, cognitive complexity, everyday life, employee performance, adult literacy, National Adult Literacy Survey, post-industrial economy, life chances, information processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review