Military Cognitive Readiness at the Operational and Strategic Levels: A Theoretical Model for Measurement Development
Abstract
Military cognitive readiness is a somewhat new concept that has been defined many ways. In this article, I review these definitions and propose that cognitive readiness is not just one construct, but three inter-related constructs akin to the military levels of war and readiness (tactical, operational, & strategic). Each of these constructs requires cognitive performance in complex, uncertain, and stressful military operations. However, the nature of performance is different for each. Thus, each level of cognitive readiness requires different measures. As a first step in the development of measures for operational and strategic cognitive readiness, a review of research related to predicting cognitive performance in complex, uncertain, and stressful operations was conducted. From this review a set of inherent psychological factors and their measures were identified. The article concludes by indicating what future steps are needed to develop measures of both operational and strategic readiness.
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The future of modern defense may not be determined solely by kinetic firepower, but increasingly by human factor, grounded in the integration of cognitive neuroscience and AI.
“It suggests that the future of modern defense may not be determined solely by kinetic firepower, but increasingly by human factor (Fletcher and Wind, 2013; Grier, 2012), grounded in the integration of cognitive neuroscience and AI (Taddeo and Floridi, 2018).”
From Enhancement of modern defense capabilities by convergence of cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Grier, 2012
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“It suggests that the future of modern defense may not be determined solely by kinetic firepower, but increasingly by human factor (Fletcher and Wind, 2013; Grier, 2012), grounded in the integration of cognitive neuroscience and AI (Taddeo and Floridi, 2018).”
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- Authors
- Grier, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Institute For Defense Analyses (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grier, Rebecca A.
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-04-25
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 358-392
- ISSN
- 1555-3434 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098852844
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Military Strategy and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- operational readiness, strategic readiness, tactical readiness, levels of war, cognitive performance, psychological factors, military decision-making
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