A schizophrenic patient with an arrhythmic circadian rest-activity cycle
Abstract
A haloperidol-treated patient with chronic schizophrenia had a near-arrhythmic circadian rest-activity cycle, whereas rhythms of 6-sulphatoxy-melatonin and core body temperature were of normal amplitude and phase-advanced. Sleep electroencephalography measured throughout a 31-h 'constant-bedrest' protocol revealed a phase-delayed sleep-wake propensity cycle, low sleep continuity (ultradian 'bouts'), and very little slow-wave sleep and slow-wave activity (0.75-4.5 Hz). Switching treatment to the atypical neuroleptic clozapine improved both the circadian organization of the rest-activity cycle and the patient's clinical state. This observation can be conceptualized in terms of the two-process model of sleep regulation. High-dose haloperidol treatment may have lowered the circadian alertness threshold, whereas clozapine augmented circadian amplitude (perhaps through its high affinity to dopamine D4 and serotonin 5HT7 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nuclei). Measurement of the circadian rest-activity cycle may be a useful non-invasive method to follow functional consequences of neuroleptic treatment.
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Among medicated schizophrenia patients, a subset of individuals exhibit a phase delay or phase advance of an otherwise typical melatonin rhythm, whereas others experience a blunting of the rhythm with or without a phase shift.
“Among medicated SZ patients, a subset of individuals exhibit a phase delay153 or phase advance154 of an otherwise typical melatonin rhythm, whereas others experience a blunting of the rhythm with or without a phase shift143.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [154]
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- Authors
- Wirz-Justice, A., Cajochen, C., & Nussbaum, P.
- Affiliations
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (CH)
- ORCID
- Cajochen, Christian
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 83-90
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998993322
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronic schizophrenia, circadian rhythm disruption, haloperidol, clozapine, atypical antipsychotics, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, core body temperature, sleep continuity, slow-wave sleep, suprachiasmatic nucleus, dopamine D4 receptor
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bed Rest, Body Temperature, Catatonia, Chronic Disease, Circadian Rhythm, Clozapine, Haloperidol, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Motor Activity, Recurrence, Rest, Schizophrenia, Sleep, Time Factors, Antipsychotic Agents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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