Continuous glucose monitoring used to adjust diabetes therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin: a pilot study
Abstract
A 5-week pilot study was conducted to determine if continuous glucose monitoring could be used to improve glycemic control. A total of nine subjects with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c values greater than 8.5% completed the study. Subjects wore a continuous glucose monitor for two 1-week periods during the study. After each sensor use, changes to diet, insulin dosage and self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) schedule were made. HbA1c decreased from 9.9% (S.D. = 1.1%) at baseline to 8.8% (S.D. = 1.0%) 5 weeks after baseline (P = 0.0006), but daily insulin usage was unchanged over the same period of time (P = 0.428). The glucose sensors performed accurately, with a median correlation of 0.92 and a mean absolute difference of 19.1% (S.D. = 9.0%). The continuous glucose profiles allowed identification of glucose patterns and excursions that helped direct changes in therapy. These treatment changes would not have been made on the basis of meter data alone and were effective in improving glucose control. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings. This pilot study highlights the potential for continuous glucose monitoring to provide the valuable information necessary to make therapy adjustments that can dramatically improve patients' glycemic control and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The continuous glucose monitoring system was validated against plasma glucose.
“The Medtronic Guardian® REAL-Time has been validated against plasma glucose [49] and is widely used in clinical settings [50], [51].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [51]
Standard communication protocols for electronic devices include Bluetooth classic, Zigbee, and Wi-Fi, but these protocols have not been designed to be power-efficient.
“Standard communication protocols for electronic devices include Bluetooth classic,102 Zigbee,103 and Wi‐Fi.104 However, these protocols have not been designed to be power‐efficient.”
From Wearables in Medicine (2018) · cites this paper as [103]
Cites
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667 · see citing works
The Hawthorne effect: A reconsideration of the methodological artifact.
Adair, J. G. (1984) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.334 · Cited by 1,095 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These results should be interpreted with caution, due to the lack of a randomized control group in this study, the selection of patients with elevated HbA1c levels, and the potential influence of the Hawthorne effect [5].”
BackgroundClinical Practice Recommendations
Fowler, M. J. (2011) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.29.4.163 · Cited by 996 · see citing works
The MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Mastrototaro, J. J. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050214078 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cost to Health Plans of Poor Glycemic Control
Gilmer, T., O’Connor, P. J., Manning, W. G., & Rush, W. A. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.12.1847 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Klonoff, D. C. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1231 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Yetisen, A. K., Martinez‐Hurtado, J. L., Ünal, B., Khademhosseini, A., & Butt, H. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201706910 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Biosensors--Sense and Sensitivity
Turner, A. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5495.1315 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Limitations of Conventional Methods of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Boland, E. A., Monsod, T. P., DeLucia, M. C., Brandt, C., Fernando, S. K., & Tamborlane, W. V. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.11.1858 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Not Using Insulin
Welschen, L. M. C., Bloemendal, E., Nijpels, G., Dekker, J. M., Heine, R. J., Stalman, W. A. B., & Bouter, L. M. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.6.1510 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin
Malanda, U. L., Welschen, L. M., Riphagen, I. I., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., & Bot, S. D. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005060.pub3 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Performance Evaluation of the MiniMed® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Patient Home Use
Gross, T. M., Bode, B. W., EINHORN, D. F., Kayne, D. M., Reed, J. H. C., White, N. H., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091500316737 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationSensors for glucose monitoring: technical and clinical aspects
Koschinsky, T., & Heinemann, L. (2001) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.188 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: A Review
Vashist, S. (2013) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics3040385 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Chico, A., Vidal-Ríos, P., Subirà, M., & Novials, A. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1153 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Reynolds, A. C., Dorrian, J., Liu, P. Y., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Wittert, G. A., Harmer, L. J., & Banks, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041218 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“The Medtronic GuardianH REAL-Time has been validated against plasma glucose [49] and is widely used in clinical settings [50,51].”
MethodLudvigsson, J., & Hanås, R. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.5.933 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
A Pilot Study of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Kaufman, F. R., Gibson, L. C., Halvorson, M., Carpenter, S., Fisher, L. K., & Pitukcheewanont, P. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.12.2030 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Can Interstitial Glucose Assessment Replace Blood Glucose Measurements?
Rebrin, K., & Steil, G. M. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050194332 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Guideline for management of postmeal glucose
Ceriello, A., Colagiuri, S., Gerich, J. E., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2008) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.01.012 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Delays in Minimally Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices: A Review of Current Technology
Keenan, D. B., Mastrototaro, J. J., Voskanyan, G., & Steil, G. M. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300528 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Chase, H. P., Kim, L. M., Owen, S. L., MacKenzie, T. A., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Murtfeldt, R., & Garg, S. K. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.222 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Bode, B. W., Gross, K. M., Rikalo, N., Schwartz, S. L., Wahl, T. O., Page, C. W., Gross, T. M., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2004) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091504773731285 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Network-Based Real-Time Prediction of Glucose in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Pappada, S. M., Cameron, B. D., Rosman, P. M., Bourey, R. E., Papadimos, T. J., Olorunto, W. A., & Borst, M. J. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0104 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Monsod, T. P., Flanagan, D., Rife, F., Saenz, R., Caprio, S., Sherwin, R. S., & Tamborlane, W. V. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.5.889 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons
Pecoits‐Filho, R., Abensur, H., Betônico, C. D. C. R., Machado, A. D., Parente, E. B., Queiroz, M. S., Salles, J. E. N., Titan, S., & Vencio, S. A. C. (2016) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0159-z · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Bailey, T. S., Zisser, H. C., & Garg, S. K. (2007) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0205 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Diabetes management in the new millennium using insulin pump therapy
Bode, B. W., Sabbah, H. T., Gross, T. M., Fredrickson, L. P., & Davidson, P. C. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.205 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationCaduff, A., Dewarrat, F., Talary, M., Stalder, G., Heinemann, L., & Feldman, Y. (2006) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.031 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Implantable closed-loop glucose-sensing and insulin delivery: the future for insulin pump therapy
Renard, É. (2002) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(02)00216-3 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
McGowan, K., Thomas, W. T. B., & Moran, A. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.9.1499 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Relationship of Fasting and Hourly Blood Glucose Levels to HbA1c Values
Garg, S. K., & Jovanovič, L. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1361 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Sachedina, N., & Pickup, J. C. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01037.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Chee, F., Fernando, T. L., & van Heerden, P. V. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2003.808509 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Glycemic Characteristics in Continuously Monitored Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Bode, B. W., Schwartz, S., Stubbs, H. A., & Block, J. E. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2361 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationTanenberg, R. J., Bode, B. W., Lane, W. S., Levetan, C. S., Mestman, J. H., Peters, A. L., Tobian, J. A., Gross, T. M., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2004) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/79.12.1521 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationReproducibility of Glucose Measurements Using the Glucose Sensor
Metzger, M., Leibowitz, G., Wainstein, J., Gläser, B., & Raz, I. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1185 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Guerci, B., Floriot, M., Böhme, P., Durain, D., Bénichou, M., Jellimann, S., & Drouin, P. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.582 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Adaptive control strategy for regulation of blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes
Eren-Oruklu, M., Çınar, A., Quinn, L. T., & SMITH, D. P. (2009) · Journal of Process Control · doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2009.04.004 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Allemann, S., Houriet, C., Diem, P., & Stettler, C. (2009) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007990903364665 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Efficacy and Reliability of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Gross, T. M., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050214087 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationGirardin, C. M., Huot, C., Gonthier, M., & DELVIN, E. E. (2008) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.112 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Admon, G., Weinstein, Y., Falk, B., Weintrob, N., Benzaquen, H., Ofan, R., Fayman, G., Zigel, L., Constantini, N., & Phillip, M. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2428 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Insulin pump therapy in the 21st century
Bode, B. W., Tamborlane, W. V., & Davidson, P. C. (2002) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2002.05.1200 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationRealizing a Closed-Loop (Artificial Pancreas) System for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Lal, R., Ekhlaspour, L., Hood, K. K., & Buckingham, B. A. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00174 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Modeling β -Cell Insulin Secretion - Implications for Closed-Loop Glucose Homeostasis
Steil, G. M., Rebrin, K., Janowski, R., Darwin, C. H., & Saad, M. F. (2003) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091503322640999 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Golicki, D., Golicka, D., Groele, L., & Pańkowska, E. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0884-9 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Salardi, S., Zucchini, S., Santoni, R., Ragni, L., Gualandi, S. C., Cicognani, A., & CACCIARI, E. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.10.1840 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A Review of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technology
Klonoff, D. C. (2005) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2005.7.770 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Chetty, V. T., Almulla, A., Odueyungbo, A., & Thabane, L. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.02.014 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Garg, S. K., Voelmle, M. K., Beatson, C. R., Miller, H. A., Crew, L. B., Freson, B. J., & Hazenfield, R. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1852 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Zhu, H., Zhu, Y., & Leung, S.-W. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010524 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The role of continuous glucose monitoring in clinical decision-making in diabetes in pregnancy
McLACHLAN, K., JENKINS, A., & O’NEAL, D. (2007) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2007.00716.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Accuracy of a New Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Algorithm
Keenan, D. B., Cartaya, R., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400114 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationSchaepelynck-Belicar, P., Vague, P., Simonin, G., & Lassmann-Vague, V. (2003) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70076-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Schiaffini, R., Ciampalini, P., Fierabracci, A., Spera, S., Borrelli, P., Bottazzo, G. F., & Crinò, A. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.309 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Zisser, H., Bailey, T. S., Schwartz, S. L., Ratner, R. E., & Wise, J. K. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300519 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Assessing Glycemic Control With Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Measurements
DAILEY, G. E. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/82.2.229 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kohnert, K., Augstein, P., Heinke, P., Zander, E., Peterson, K., Freyse, E., & Salzsieder, E. (2007) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.021 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Conrad, S. C., MCGRATH, M. T., & Gitelman, S. E. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.120509 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Effect of input excitation on the quality of empirical dynamic models for type 1 diabetes
Finan, D. A., Palerm, C. C., Doyle, F. J., Seborg, D. E., Zisser, H., Bevier, W. C., & Jovanovič, L. (2009) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.11699 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Daskalaki, E., Prountzou, A., Diem, P., & Mougiakakou, S. G. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0093 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Recent advances in treatment of youth with Type 1 diabetes: better care through technology
Tamborlane, W. V., Bonfig, W., & Boland, E. A. (2001) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00626.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Valeri, C., Pozzilli, P., & Leslie, D. (2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.512 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Accuracy of the continuous glucose monitoring system in inpatient and outpatient conditions
Djakouré-Platonoff, C., Radermercker, R., Reach, G., Slama, G., & Jl, S. (2003) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70023-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cheyne, E., Cavan, D. A., & Kerr, D. E. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091502320798222 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Kessler, L., Passemard, R., Oberholzer, J., Benhamou, P., Bucher, P., Toso, C., Meyer, P., Penfornis, A., Badet, L., Wolf, P., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.12.2256 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Wong, J. C., Neinstein, A. B., Spindler, M. J., & Adi, S. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0413 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of Phenol and meta-Cresol Depletion on Insulin Analog Stability at Physiological Temperature
Teska, B. M., Alarcón, J., Pettis, R. J., Randolph, T. W., & Carpenter, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.24039 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Yates, K., Milton, A. H., Dear, K. B. G., & Ambler, G. R. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2315 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Clinical Utility of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Bode, B. W. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050214104 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationImproved Real-World Glycemic Control With Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Predictive Alerts
Abraham, S. B., Arunachalam, S., Zhong, A., Agrawal, P., Cohen, O., & McMahon, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296819859334 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetic dogs
Davison, L. J., Slater, L. A., HERRTAGE, M. E., Church, D. B., Judge, S., Ristic, J. M. E., & Catchpole, B. (2003) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00102.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Overview of Its Development
Skyler, J. S. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0045 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Management of diabetes using adaptive control
Hovorka, R. (2005) · International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing · doi:10.1002/acs.851 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Subcutaneous Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Jungheim, K., Wientjes, K. J. C., Heinemann, L., Lodwig, V., Koschinsky, T., Schoonen, A. J. M., & for the glucose monitoring study group (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.9.1696 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Current Application of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Treatment of Diabetes
Hermanides, J., Phillip, M., & DeVries, J. H. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s219 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Guillod, L., Comte-Perret, S., Monbaron, D., Gaillard, R. C., & Ruiz, J. C. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.03.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Wentholt, I. M. E., Maran, A., Masurel, N., Heine, R. J., Hoekstra, J. B. L., & DeVries, J. H. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02107.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
New-generation diabetes management: glucose sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy
Cengiz, E., Sherr, J. L., WEINZIMER, S. A., & Tamborlane, W. V. (2011) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1586/erd.11.22 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cappuccio, F. E., Suri, J. T., Cordes, D. B., Wessling, R. A., & Singaram, B. (2004) · Journal of Fluorescence · doi:10.1023/b:jofl.0000039340.94188.2a · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin
Welschen, L. M., Bloemendal, E., Nijpels, G., Dekker, J. M., Heine, R. J., Stalman, W. A., & Bouter, L. M. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005060.pub2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Secher, A. L., Madsen, A. B., Ringholm, L., Barfred, C., Stage, E., Andersen, H. U., Damm, P., & Mathiesen, E. R. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03426.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Monitoring of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Marks, B. E., & Wolfsdorf, J. I. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00128 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kerssen, A., Evers, I. M., de Valk, H. W., & Visser, G. H. A. (2003) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/jmf.13.5.309.313 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Making ?sense? of diabetes: using a continuous glucose sensor in clinical practice
Cheyne, E., & Kerr, D. E. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.209 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
How to Assess and Compare the Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitors?
Wentholt, I. M. E., Hart, A. A. M., Hoekstra, J. B. L., & DeVries, J. H. (2008) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0216 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Akasaka, T., Sueta, D., Tabata, N., Takashio, S., Yamamoto, E., Izumiya, Y., Tsujita, K., Kojima, S., Kaikita, K., Matsui, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004841 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Continuous Home Monitoring of Glucose
Garg, S. K., Kelly, W. C., Voelmle, M. K., Ritchie, P. J., Gottlieb, P. A., McFann, K., & Ellis, S. L. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1436 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in children with glycogen storage disease type I
Hershkovitz, E., Rachmel, A., Ben‐Zaken, H., & Phillip, M. (2001) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1023/a:1013996325720 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Novel Real-Time Continuous Glucose-Monitoring System for Use in Cats
Moretti, S., Tschuor, F., Osto, M., Franchini, M., Wichert, B. A., Ackermann, M., Lutz, T. A., Reusch, C. E., & Zini, E. (2009) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0425.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Allen, N. A., Fain, J. A., Braun, B., & Chipkin, S. R. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0053 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Prevention of Hypoglycemia Using Risk Assessment With a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Choleau, C., Dokládal, P., Klein, J. C., Ward, W. K., Wilson, G. S., & Reach, G. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.11.3263 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in cats with diabetes mellitus
Ristic, J. M. E., HERRTAGE, M. E., Walti-Lauger, S. M., Slater, L. A., Church, D. B., Davison, L. J., & Catchpole, B. (2005) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.07.006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Review of Current Evidence with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Diabetes
Block, C. E. M. D., Manuel‐y‐Keenoy, B., & Gaal, L. V. (2008) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680800200426 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alemzadeh, R., Palma-Sisto, P., Parton, E. A., & Holzum, M. K. (2005) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2005.7.587 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biocompatibility of Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Implanted in the Subcutis of Pigs
Kvist, P. H., Iburg, T. M., Bielecki, M., Gerstenberg, M., Buch‐Rasmussen, T., Hasselager, E., & Jensen, H. E. (2006) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2006.8.463 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in conditions other than diabetes
Maran, A., Crepaldi, C., Avogaro, A., Catuogno, S., Burlina, A., Poscia, A., & Tiengo, A. (2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.518 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Skyler, J. S. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050214069 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Diabetes Health Outcomes: A Critical Appraisal
Reach, G. (2008) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0261 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-monitoring of blood glucose in children and teens with diabetes
Bui, H., Perlman, K., & Daneman, D. (2005) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-543x.2005.00095.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tohda, K., & Gratzl, M. (2006) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.22.383 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Implantable glucose sensors for diabetes monitoring
Renard, É. (2004) · Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies · doi:10.1080/13645700410026993 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitors: The Long-Awaited Watch Dogs?
Wentholt, I. M. E., Hoekstra, J. B. L., & DeVries, J. H. (2007) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0215 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Richardson, T., Thomas, P., Ryder, J., & Kerr, D. E. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.6.1316 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bode, B. W., Gross, T. M., Thornton, K. R., & Mastrototaro, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bode, Bruce W.
- Venue
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-190
- ISSN
- 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103516801
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, insulin dose adjustment, self-monitoring of blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Pilot Projects, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
