CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 206Bone health and osteoporosis researchSports Performance and TrainingLower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies

Bone mineral density of female athletes in different sports

Heinonen, Ari, Oja, Pekka, Kannus, Pekka, Sievänen, Harri, Mänttäri, Ari, Vuori, Ilkka·1993·Bone and Mineral
DOI 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80086-4
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Anthropometry, training history, cardiorespiratory and muscular performance capacity, and bone mineral density (BMD) were studied in female orienteers (n = 30), cross-country skiers (n = 28), cyclists (n = 29), weight lifters (n = 18) and in a reference group (n = 25). BMD was measured at lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal femur, patella, proximal tibia, calcaneus and distal radius by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The weight lifters had significantly higher weight adjusted BMD (P < 0.001) than the referents at all sites (9-26%) except in femoral neck and calcaneus. Of the endurance athletes, the orienteers were the only group which had significantly higher BMD (P < 0.05) than referents, only at distal femur (5%) and proximal tibia (5%). BMD did not differ significantly at any skeletal site between subjects with different calcium intake. Weight training seems to provide more effective osteogenic stimulus than endurance training. The differences in BMD at different sites between the groups were consistent with specificity of the stimulus to the training of the studied sports.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80086-4

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Exercise, especially resistance exercise, increases bone mineral density.

    “Exercise, especially resistance exercise, increases bone mineral desnity160.”

    From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [160]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Heinonen, A., Oja, P., Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Mänttäri, A., & Vuori, I.
Affiliations
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute (FI)
Corresponding author
Heinonen, Ari
ORCID
Venue
Bone and Mineral
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1993-10
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
1-14
ISSN
0169-6009 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80086-4
OpenAlex
W2069718221
Cited by
206
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
7.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Bone and Mineral (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Keywords
bone mineral density, female athletes, weightlifting, endurance training, orienteering, cross-country skiing, cycling, calcium intake, training specificity, lumbar spine, femoral neck, tibia, calcaneus, distal radius
MeSH terms
Adult, Bicycling, Calcium, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Menstruation, Muscles, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Reference Values, Skiing, Sports, Weight Lifting, Bone Density

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review