The impostor phenomenon in British university students: Relationships between self-esteem, mental health, parental rearing style and socioeconomic status
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In predominantly White samples, IP has been linked to more social and performance anxiety, more perfectionistic concerns about mistakes, and lower self-esteem.
“IP has been linked to numerous indices of negative psychological adjustment outcomes including increases in social and performance anxiety (Chrisman et al., 1995), perfectionistic concerns of making mistakes (Thompson et al., 2000), and lower self-esteem (Sonnak & Towell, 2001).”
From Impostor Phenomenon and Psychological Well-Being: The Moderating Roles of John Henryism and School Racial Composition Among Black College Students (2020) · cites this paper as Sonnak & Towell, 2001
Cites
A parental bonding instrument.
Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x · Cited by 3,788 · see citing works
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Cokley, K., Smith, L., Bernard, D., Hurst, A., Jackson, S., Stone, S., Awosogba, O., Saucer, C., Bailey, M., & Roberts, D. (2017) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000198 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Impostor Phenomenon Measurement Scales: A Systematic Review
Mak, K. K. L., Kleitman, S., & Abbott, M. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00671 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Imposter syndrome among Russian students: The link between perfectionism and psychological distress
Wang, K. T., Sheveleva, M. S., & Permyakova, T. M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.005 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Racial Identity, Self-Esteem, and the Impostor Phenomenon Among African American College Students
Lige, Q. M., Peteet, B. J., & Brown, C. M. (2017) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798416648787 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Bernard, D. L., Jones, S. C. T., & Volpe, V. V. (2020) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798420924529 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…of scholarship, IP has been linked to numerous indices of negative psychological adjustment outcomes including increases in social and performance anxiety (Chrisman et al., 1995), perfectionistic concerns of making mistakes (Thompson et al., 2000), and lower self-esteem (Sonnak & Towell, 2001).”
BackgroundBernard, D., & Neblett, E. (2018) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-017-0073-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sonnak, C., & Towell, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Westminster (GB)
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 863-874
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034472468
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- impostor syndrome, self-esteem, parental rearing style, parental overprotection, parental control, parental care, mental health, socioeconomic status, private school attendance, university students, British students
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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