The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Taylor, R. B. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571237 · Cited by 285
Self-citationEnvironmental Design, Crime, and Prevention: An Examination of Community Dynamics
Taylor, R. B., & Gottfredson, S. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449128 · Cited by 174
Self-citationNeighborhood permeability and burglary rates
White, G. F. (1990) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418829000090471 · Cited by 114
Cited by
Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods
Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1999) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/210356 · Cited by 2,485
Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of “Broken Windows”
Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2004) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250406700401 · Cited by 1,436
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography
Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005) · Property Management · doi:10.1108/02637470510631483 · Cited by 684
A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of Health, Safety, and Greening Vacant Urban Space
Branas, C. C., Cheney, R. A., MacDonald, J. M., Tam, V. W., Jackson, T. D., & Ten Have, T. R. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr273 · Cited by 599
Hot Spots of Bus Stop Crime: The Importance of Environmental Attributes
Loukaitou-sideris, A. (1999) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944369908976070 · Cited by 299
Metadata
- Authors
- Perkins, D. D., Wandersman, A., Rich, R. C., & Taylor, R. B.
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-49
- ISSN
- 0272-4944 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075400387
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 16.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80213-0
- The paper
- Perkins, D. D., Wandersman, A., Rich, R. C., & Taylor, R. B. (1993). The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities. Journal of Environmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80213-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.