The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Haber–Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity
Abstract
The concept that the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO) could be generated from an interaction between superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was proposed (with Joseph Weiss) in Professor Haber's final paper published in 1934. Until it was recognized that free radicals are produced in biological systems, this finding seemed to have no relevance to biology. However, following the discovery that O(2)(-) was a normal cellular metabolite, it was quickly recognized that the Haber-Weiss reaction (O(2)(-)+H(2)O(2) -->HO+O(2)+HO(-)) might provide a means to generate more toxic radicals. Although the basic reaction has a second order rate constant of zero in aqueous solution and thus cannot occur in biological systems, the ability of iron salts to serve as catalysts was discussed by these authors. Because transition metal ions, particularly iron, are present at low levels in biological systems, this pathway (commonly referred to as the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction) has been widely postulated to account for the in vivo generation of the highly reactive HO. Recent data documenting the importance of redox regulation of various cellular signaling pathways makes it clear that free radicals are essential for normal cellular function. However, this also makes it obvious that disruptions of free radical production or defenses at many different levels can lead to adverse effects on cells. While the generation of HO, which is by far the most reactive oxygen species, is generally indicative of an overtly toxic event, it is through studies at this level that we have reached a better understanding of free radicals as both signaling molecules and toxic species.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Superoxide can also react with ferric iron in the Haber-Weiss reaction [67] to produce Fe(II) again, thereby effecting redox cycling:”
In the citing paper
“Superoxide (also produced by mitochondria) can react with ferric iron in the Haber-Weiss reaction (Kehrer 2000) to produce Fe(II) again, thereby effecting redox cycling of the iron (Fig. 1):2”
Citations
Cites
Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.
Chance, B., Sies, H., & Boveris, A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527 · Cited by 5,827
Nagata, S. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81874-7 · Cited by 4,934
Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants
Sies, H. (1997) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004024 · Cited by 4,577
The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts
Haber, F., & Weiss, J. (1934) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1934.0221 · Cited by 2,571
Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation
Dean, R. T., Fu, S., Stocker, R., & Davies, M. J. (1997) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3240001 · Cited by 1,678
Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria
Turrens, J. F., & Boveris, A. (1980) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1910421 · Cited by 1,601
The cellular production of hydrogen peroxide
Boveris, A., Oshino, N., & Chance, B. (1972) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1280617 · Cited by 1,549
Lindahl, T. L., & Wood, R. D. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5446.1897 · Cited by 1,521
Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants.
Haddock, P. (1992) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/26.8.816a · Cited by 1,190
Degradation of oxidized proteins in mammalian cells
Grune, T., Reinheckel, T., & Davies, K. J. A. (1997) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.11.7.9212076 · Cited by 835
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 999
Mittal, S. P. K., Khole, S., Jagadish, N., Ghosh, D., Gadgil, V., Sinkar, V. P., & Ghaskadbi, S. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.005 · Cited by 72
Pisciotta, J. M., & Sullivan, D. J. (2007) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2007.09.009 · Cited by 72
“The Fenton reaction (iron-catalyzed Haber– Weiss reaction) is the primary mechanism by which the hydroxyl radical is formed in the digestive vacuole [24].”
BackgroundOxidative Stress Partially Contributes to Iron-Induced Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in SK-N-SH Cells
Li, W., Jiang, H. F., Song, N., & Xie, J. (2010) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9187-x · Cited by 73
“Ferric iron can also react with superoxide in the Haber–Weiss reaction (Kehrer 2000) to produce ferrous again, thereby affecting redox cycling and resulting in oxidative stress.”
Role of pyrite in formation of hydroxyl radicals in coal: possible implications for human health.
Cohn, C. A., Laffers, R., Simon, S. R., O’Riordan, T. G., & Schoonen, M. A. A. (2006) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-3-16 · Cited by 72
“, iron released by ferritin under pathological conditions) can cause oxidation to biomolecules [12-16] and iron associated with asbestos [17,18], quartz [19], iron oxides [20,21], and iron sulfides [22-24] has been shown to be a key reactant in the mechanisms leading to lung injury.”
Majumdar, T. D., Singh, M., Thapa, M., Dutta, M., Mukherjee, A., & Ghosh, C. K. (2019) · Colloids and Interface Science Communications · doi:10.1016/j.colcom.2019.100190 · Cited by 72
Impact of Reactive Species on Amino Acids—Biological Relevance in Proteins and Induced Pathologies
Andrés, C. M. C., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., Andrés Juan, C., Plou, F. J., & Pérez-Lebeña, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214049 · Cited by 71
“eiss e t reactions [4] describe the production of • , Fig re 2.”
BackgroundFerroptosis and its Role in Gastric Cancer
Gu, R., Xia, Y., Li, P., Zou, D., Lu, K., Ren, L., Zhang, H., & Sun, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.860344 · Cited by 75
“In addition, excess Fe3+ can also be reduced to Fe2+ through the Haber–Weiss reaction (Kehrer, 2000).”
BackgroundThe Enzymatic Antioxidant System of Human Spermatozoa
O’Flaherty, C. (2014) · Advances in Andrology · doi:10.1155/2014/626374 · Cited by 75
“react with ferric ion (Fe) by the Haber-Weiss reaction [55]:”
BackgroundWang, X., Han, M., Bao, J., Tu, W., & Dai, Z. H. (2012) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.045 · Cited by 71
Wadhwa, S., & Mumper, R. J. (2013) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.027 · Cited by 72
“potenthydroxyl radical (step5) [61].”
Olmedo‐Díaz, S., Estévez-Silva, H. M., Orädd, G., af Bjerkén, S., Marcellino, D. J., & Virel, A. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.023 · Cited by 71
“However, in biological systems this reaction is only favored when it is catalyzed by iron via the Fenton reaction (Kehrer, 2000).”
Oxidative stress induces axonal beading in cultured human brain tissue
Roediger, B., & Armati, P. J. (2003) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/s0969-9961(03)00038-x · Cited by 71
“H2O2 has also been implicated a major contributor to oxidative stress in vivo, given that it is a naturally occurring, abundant reactant in mitochondria (Kehrer, 2000).”
BackgroundOuédraogo, G., & Redmond, R. W. (2003) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770192sroset2.0.co2 · Cited by 68
Oxidative‐Species‐Selective Materials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Zhao, C., Chen, J., Zhong, R., Chen, D. S., Shi, J., & Song, J. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201915833 · Cited by 70
Kell, D. B., & Pretorius, E. (2022) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20220154 · Cited by 74
Toxicity of copper excess on the lichen Dermatocarpon luridum: Antioxidant enzyme activities
Monnet, F., Bordas, F., Deluchat, V., & Baudu, M. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.022 · Cited by 69
Hamada, A., Sharma, R. K., du Plessis, S. S., Willard, B. B., Yadav, S. P., Sabanegh, E., & Agarwal, A. K. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.046 · Cited by 70
“Iron is an essential catalyst for the ROS production as it immediately reacts with H2O2, thereby producing highly reactive OH (Fenton/Haber-Weiss biochemical pathway) (44).”
Nasuha, N., Ismail, S. B., & Hameed, B. H. (2016) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2016.07.023 · Cited by 70
A comparison study of SiO 2 /nano metal oxide composite sphere for antibacterial application
Hou, Y.-X., Abdullah, H., Kuo, D., Leu, S., Gultom, N. S., & Su, C.-H. (2017) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.021 · Cited by 70
Modulation of iron homeostasis in macrophages by bacterial intracellular pathogens
Pan, X., Tamilselvam, B., Hansen, E. J., & Daefler, S. (2010) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-64 · Cited by 69
“On the other hand, iron is needed by host cells for cellular functions and first line defense mechanisms [7].”
BackgroundJanknegt, P. J., van de Poll, W. H., Visser, R. J. W., Rijstenbil, J. W., & Buma, A. G. J. (2008) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00553.x · Cited by 69
“Cadenas, E. 1989.”
BackgroundFormation of ring-opened and rearranged products of guanine: Mechanisms and biological significance
Jena, N. R., & Mishra, P. C. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.008 · Cited by 70
New Insights into the Process of Placentation and the Role of Oxidative Uterine Microenvironment
Mendes, S., Timóteo-Ferreira, F., Almeida, H., & Silva, E. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/9174521 · Cited by 74
“In contrast, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is capable of crossing cell membranes and exerts its effects beyond the cell limits [150, 151].”
BackgroundHosseini, A., Jazini, M., Mahdieh, M., & Karimi, K. (2020) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123100 · Cited by 69
Chang, S., García, J. A., Melendez, J. A., Kilberg, M. S., & Agarwal, A. (2003) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20021731 · Cited by 69
UFRGS-UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Saúde, B. D., & Pós-Graduação, P. R. D. (2009) · Cited by 68
Multicopper oxidases: Biocatalysts in microbial pathogenesis and stress management
Kaur, K., Sharma, A., Capalash, N., & Sharma, P. (2019) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2019.02.007 · Cited by 67
Pucelik, B., & Dąbrowski, J. M. (2022) · Advances in inorganic chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.adioch.2021.12.003 · Cited by 71
Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H2O2
Kumar, H., Dhalaria, R., Guleria, S., Cimler, R., Sharma, R., Siddiqui, S. A., Valko, M., Nepovimová, E., Dhanjal, D. S., Singh, R., et al. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022 · Cited by 73
“Further, it also interacts with iron (Fe 2 + ) and copper (Cu + ), the transition metal ions present in cells such as ceruloplasmin and ferritin, producing the OH radical, an extremely unstable molecule [31,32].”
Chen, B., Yan, Y., Liu, C., Bo, L., Li, G., Wang, H., & Xu, Y. (2014) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-013-9817-4 · Cited by 68
“Thus, it appears that the inhibitory effects of iron on bone formation are largely attributed to its catalytic role in the Fenton reaction, through which ROS are produced [36].”
BackgroundBergayou, H., Mouneyrac, C., Pellerin, J., & Moukrim, A. (2008) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.012 · Cited by 68
“The importance of CAT activity as an anti-oxydant enzyme lies in its interference with the Haber–Weiss reaction, by removing H202 which generates extremely reactive molecules such as OH (Storey, 1996; Kehrer, 2000).”
BackgroundSzewczyk‐Golec, K., Pawłowska, M., Wesołowski, R., Wróblewski, M., & Mila-Kierzenkowska, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115705 · Cited by 67
“Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system of the organism [25,26].”
BackgroundPuentes-Díaz, N., Chaparro, D., Morales-Morales, D., Flores-Gaspar, A., & Alí-Torres, J. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c06939 · Cited by 67
Oxidative Stress in COPD: Molecular Background and Clinical Monitoring
Antus, B., & Kardos, Z. (2015) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986732205150112104411 · Cited by 67
Hung, H., Schwartz, J. M., Maldonado, E. N., Lemasters, J. J., & Nieminen, A. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.422667 · Cited by 67
Dissecting plant iron homeostasis under short and long-term iron fluctuations
Darbani, B., Briat, J., Holm, P. B., Husted, S., Noeparvar, S., & Borg, S. (2013) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.003 · Cited by 68
“Metals and specifically iron can catalyze the Haber-Weiss reaction leading to the production of extremely active hydroxyl radicals that damage macromolecules (Buonocore et al., 2010; Haber and Weiss, 1934; Kehrer, 2000).”
BackgroundMacManus‐Spencer, L. A., & McNeill, K. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja052045b · Cited by 67
Antioxidative properties of Lactobacillus sake upon exposure to elevated oxygen concentrations
Amanatidou, A., Smid, E. J., Bennik, M. H. J., & Gorris, L. G. M. (2001) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(01)00336-6 · Cited by 67
Jurva, U., Wikström, H., & Bruins, A. P. (2002) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.808 · Cited by 65
Boşgelmez, İ. İ., Söylemezoğlu, T., & Güvendik, G. (2008) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8154-3 · Cited by 66
“radical makes it a particularly important player in free radical-mediated toxic processes [ 45 ].”
BackgroundGarrel, C., Fowler, P., & Al-Gubory, K. H. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-09-0362 · Cited by 66
“In the presence of iron, H2O2 and O $K 2 can interact in a Haber–Weiss reaction (Kehrer 2000) to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH).”
BackgroundVani, J. R., Mohammadi, M. T., Foroshani, M. S., & Jafari, M. (2016) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2016-309 · Cited by 67
“Based on previous findings, upregulation of NADPH-oxidase is the main endogenous source of ROS during brain ischemia (Kehrer, 2000; Yoshioka et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBiological Relevance of Free Radicals and Nitroxides
Prescott, C., & Bottle, S. E. (2016) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s12013-016-0759-0 · Cited by 65
“For this reason, the overall process is often called the iron-catalysed Haber–Weiss Reaction [36] or the superoxide-driven Fenton Reaction [35].”
BackgroundCatalytic Metallodrugs: Substrate‐Selective Metal Catalysts as Therapeutics
Yu, Z., & Cowan, J. A. (2017) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201701714 · Cited by 67
Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Pulmonary Disease
Tao, N., Li, K., & Liu, J. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/9547127 · Cited by 65
“However, too heavy loading of iron can promote the generation of ROS via Fenton reaction and ironincorporating proteins, facilitating the initiation of ferroptosis [3, 33, 34].”
BackgroundAntioxidant enzymatic defence systems in sheep corpus luteum throughout pregnancy
Al-Gubory, K. H., Bolifraud, P., Germain, G., Nicole, A., & Ceballos-Picot, I. (2004) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep.1.00389 · Cited by 64
“In the presence of iron, H2O2 and O2 20 can interact in a Haber–Weiss reaction to generate OH (Kehrer 2000) which is thought to be an extremely powerful initiator of”
BackgroundMitochondrial reactive oxygen species: which ROS signals cardioprotection?
Garlid, A. O., Jabůrek, M., Jacobs, J. P., & Garlid, K. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00858.2012 · Cited by 66
“The highly reactive HO ̇ oxidizes proteins and lipids in diffusion-limited reactions (27).”
Karim, S., Bae, S., Greenwood, D. R., Hanna, K., & Singhal, N. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.029 · Cited by 64
Abidi, P., Zhang, H., Zaidi, S. K., Shen, W., Leers‐Sucheta, S., Cortez, Y., Han, J., & Azhar, S. (2008) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-07-0570 · Cited by 64
“…reduction of H2O2 by O $K 2 by a Haber–Weiss reaction ½O$K2 CFe2C/ ½O$K2 CFe2C/O2CFe2C (a); 2O$K2 C2HC/O2C 2O$K2 C2H C/O2CH2O2 (b); H2O2CFe 2C/Fe3CC H2O2CFe 2C/Fe3CCOHKC$OH (c)], leading to formation of hydroxyl radical (%OH), a highly reactive and strong oxidant (Kehrer 2000, Welch et al. 2002).”
BackgroundLi, P., Xiao, Z., Xie, X., Li, Z., Yang, H., Ma, X., Sun, J. B., & Li, J. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117246 · Cited by 62
A better index for analysis of co-occurrence and similarity
Mainali, K. P., SLUD, E. V., Singer, M. C., & Fagan, W. F. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj9204 · Cited by 63
Yin, Y., Liu, C., Zhao, G., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129703 · Cited by 60
Kamanzi, C., Becker, M., Jacobs, M., Konečný, P., von Holdt, J., & Broadhurst, J. L. (2023) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-023-01583-y · Cited by 65
“3 and 4) (Ghio & Quigley, Vol.: (0123456789) 1994; Kehrer, 2000; Schoonen et al., 2010; Winter-bourn, 1995).”
Nanozymes: A comprehensive review on emerging applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics
Deshwal, A., Saxena, K., Sharma, G., Rajesh, R., Sheikh, F. A., Seth, C. S., & Tripathi, R. M. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128272 · Cited by 64
de Vasconcellos, A. P. S., Nieto, F., Crema, L. M., Diehl, L. A., de Almeida, L. M., Prediger, M. E., da Rocha, E. R., & Dalmaz, C. (2006) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-006-9139-2 · Cited by 63
“The removal of superoxide and H2O2 reduces the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which are formed by the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction or by the Haber–Weiss reaction [12].”
BackgroundHamilton, J. L., ul‐haq, M. I., Abbina, S., Kalathottukaren, M. T., Lai, B., Hatef, A., Unniappan, S., & Kizhakkedathu, J. N. (2016) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.019 · Cited by 64
Zhang, X., & Lemasters, J. J. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.004 · Cited by 62
“OH•, especially, damages DNA, protein, and membranes [8].”
Several pathways of hydrogen peroxide action that damage the E. coli genome
Asad, N. R., Asad, L. M. B. O., de Almeida, C. E. B., Felzenszwalb, I., Cabral-Neto, J. B., & Leitão, Á. C. (2004) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/s1415-47572004000200026 · Cited by 63
“However, this reaction depends on the presence of transition metals such as Cu+ and/or Fe2+, which work as reducing agents, according to the reactions below (Kehrer, 2000).”
BackgroundCu accumulation, detoxification and tolerance in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii
Zhao, D. Y., Zhang, X., Liu, D., & Ru, S. (2019) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.031 · Cited by 60
Iron toxicity in organotypic cultures of hippocampal slices: role of reactive oxygen species
Liu, R., Liu, W., Doctrow, S. R., & Baudry, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01708.x · Cited by 61
Lantto, T. A., Dorman, H. J. D., Shikov, A. N., Pozharitskaya, O. N., Makarov, V. G., Tikhonov, V. P., Hiltunen, R., & Raasmaja, A. (2008) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.008 · Cited by 61
Sabullah, M. K., Ahmad, S. A., Shukor, M. Y., Gansau, A. J., Syed, M. A., Sulaiman, M. R., & Shamaan, N. A. (2015) · UMS Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) · Cited by 61
Young, M., & Santra, S. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf502350w · Cited by 61
Zheng, J., Liu, L., Dai, Z., Tian, Y., Fang, T., Xin, S., Zhu, B., Liu, Z., & Nie, L. (2021) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151305 · Cited by 60
Hydroxyl radical as a strong electrophilic species
Marusawa, H., Ichikawa, K., Narita, N., Murakami, H., Ito, K., & Tezuka, T. (2002) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00048-2 · Cited by 60
Mitochondrial ferritin in neurodegenerative diseases
Yang, H., Yang, M., Guan, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, S., Takeuchi, S., Yanagisawa, D., & Tooyama, I. (2013) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2013.07.005 · Cited by 59
Abdalla, M. Y., Ahmad, I. M., Switzer, B., & Britigan, B. E. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.012 · Cited by 59
“In addition, HO-1 prevents free Fe2þ accumulation within cell through sequestrating it by ferritin and thus, limiting the generation of free radicals via the Fenton reaction [8,31].”
BackgroundProtective Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer’s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury
Paul, B. D., & Pieper, A. A. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12051095 · Cited by 59
Acute toxicity of the fungicide azoxystrobin on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Du, B., Zhang, Z., Liu, W., Ye, Y., Lu, T., Zhou, Z., Li, Y., Fu, Z., & Qian, H. (2018) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.074 · Cited by 59
Ambrose, H. W., Philip, L., Suraishkumar, G. K., Karthikaichamy, A., & Sen, T. K. (2020) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101498 · Cited by 58
Role of cytochrome P450 reductase in nitrofurantoin-induced redox cycling and cytotoxicity
Wang, Y., Gray, J. P., Mishin, V. M., Heck, D. E., Laskin, D. L., & Laskin, J. D. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.013 · Cited by 57
Ali, A. Q., Teoh, S. G., Eltayeb, N. E., Ahamed, M. B. K., & Majid, A. M. S. A. (2014) · Polyhedron · doi:10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.025 · Cited by 58
Toyoda, S., Haruyama, A., Inami, S., Arikawa, T., Saito, F., Watanabe, R., Sakuma, M., Abe, S., Nakajima, T., Tanaka, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.07.011 · Cited by 63
Hsieh, R.-Y., Huang, I.-C., Chen, C., & Sung, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163634 · Cited by 66
“Additionally, free radicals can lead to the formation of another secondary radical, which may lead to oxidative stress and toxicity [32].”
BackgroundMele, J., Remmen, H. V., Vijg, J., & Richardson, A. (2006) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.628 · Cited by 57
Investigation of in vitro cytotoxicity of the redox state of ionic iron in neuroblastoma cells
Singh, A. V., Vyas, V., Montani, E., Cartelli, D., Parazzoli, D., Oldani, A., Zeri, G., Orioli, E., Gemmati, D., & Zamboni, P. (2012) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.4103/0976-3147.102611 · Cited by 58
The incidence rate of post-stroke epilepsy: A 5-year follow-up study in Taiwan
Chen, T.-C., Chen, Y., Cheng, P., & Lai, C.-H. (2012) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.06.003 · Cited by 57
Magnetic nanoparticles-based Drug and Gene Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases
El-sherbiny, I. M., Elbaz, N. M., Sedki, M., Elgammal, A., & Yacoub, M. H. (2017) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0341 · Cited by 57
Michalke, B., Willkommen, D., & Venkataramani, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00136 · Cited by 47
“While Fe(III) is redox-inactive, Fe(II) potently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) via catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2, that results in highly toxic hydroxyl radicals and membrane LPO via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions (Kehrer, 2000; Sies, 2015; Gaschler and Stockwell, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Toxicity of Copper to Crocosphaera watsonii and Other Marine Phytoplankton: A Systematic Review
Lopez, J. S., Lee, L., & Mackey, K. R. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00511 · Cited by 57
“Cu2+ + •O−2 → Cu + +O2 Cu+ +H2O2 → Cu 2+ +OH− + •OH •O−2 +H2O2 → •OH+OH − +O2 The resulting production of hydroxl radicals leads to severe lipid, protein, and DNA damage (Kehrer, 2000).”
Lin, S. M., Baek, C. Y., Jung, J., Kim, W. S., Song, H.-Y., Lee, J. H., Ji, H. J., Zhi, Y., Kang, B. S., Bahn, Y., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56141-3 · Cited by 59
Shevyakova, N. I., Rakitin, V. Y., Stetsenko, L. A., Aronova, E. E., & Kuznetsov, V. V. (2006) · Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s10725-006-0018-2 · Cited by 56
“ROS react with lipids, proteins and nucleic acids leading to the destruction of these macromolecules (Kehrer 2000).”
BackgroundZhang, J., Huang, W., Yang, D., Xiang, J., & Chen, Y. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156802 · Cited by 55
The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice
Eraslan, G., Kanbur, M., Aslan, Ö., & Karabacak, M. (2011) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.20763 · Cited by 55
Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Lu, X., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Guo, X., Qi, X., & Qian, H. (2013) · International Journal of Food Properties · doi:10.1080/10942912.2012.675605 · Cited by 55
“Fe2+ chelation may render important antioxidative effects by retarding metal-catalyzed oxidation.[40] Fe2+ chelating activities of peanut peptides and EDTA are shown in Fig.”
BackgroundKovesdy, C. P., Estrada, W. B., Ahmadzadeh, S., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.03980808 · Cited by 55
Janknegt, P. J., de Graaff, C. M., van de Poll, W. H., Visser, R. J. W., Rijstenbil, J. W., & Buma, A. G. J. (2009) · European Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1080/09670260902943273 · Cited by 55
“gif"/> is able to reduce H 2 O 2 , thereby generating the hydroxyl radical (HO • ) (Kehrer, 2000 ).”
BackgroundNrf2, the master redox switch: The Achilles' heel of ovarian cancer?
van der Wijst, M. G. P., Brown, R. E., & Rots, M. G. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.004 · Cited by 54
“O2 can further react to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and if not neutralized by antioxidants, both these free radicals together can, via the iron-catalyzed Haber–Weiss reaction, be transformed to the most reactive radical among all ROS: the hydroxyl radical (OH•) [2].”
BackgroundCopper homeostasis in chronic kidney disease and its crosstalk with ferroptosis
Jiayi, H., Tong, Z., Tianhua, X., Mingyu, Z., Yutong, M., Jingyu, W., Zhou, H., & Sun, L. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107139 · Cited by 60
Piccolo, M., Ferraro, M. G., Iazzetti, F., Santamaria, R., & Irace, C. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16061220 · Cited by 59
“This final part of the process is recognized as the “Haber–Weiss reaction” [45].”
BackgroundGenetics and iron in the systems biology of Parkinson’s disease and some related disorders
Funke, C., Schneider, S. A., Berg, D., & Kell, D. B. (2012) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.015 · Cited by 54
“The process of neurodegeneration may thus be accelerated by increased levels of iron, especially Fe(II) reacting with H2O2 to form OH via the Fenton reaction and favouring a greater turnover of the Haber–Weiss cycle which leads to an amplification of oxidative stress (Gerlach et al., 1994; Riederer and Youdim, 1993) w…”
Luo, C. Y., Li, Y., Yang, L., Wang, X., Long, J., & Liu, J. (2014) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1267-x · Cited by 56
“The Haber–Weiss reaction, which involves Fenton chemistry, explains how the highly reactive hydroxyl radical is generated from superoxide and H2O2 in biological systems (Kehrer 2000).”
Maldonado, A. C. M., Winkler, E. L., Raineri, M., Córdova, A. T., Rodríguez, L. M., Troiani, H. E., Mojica‐Pisciotti, M. L., Mansilla, M. V., Tobia, D., Nadal, M. S., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05371 · Cited by 54
Krikun, G., Critchley, H., Schatz, F., Wan, L. S., Caze, R., Baergen, R. N., & Lockwood, C. J. (2002) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64258-7 · Cited by 54
“Importantly, it is now known that ROS play a major role in the activation of cell signaling pathways leading to vascular pathologies.(39,40) Indeed, SAPK/JNK activation has been shown in rat cardiac myocytes after hypoxia/reperfusion.”
BackgroundReactivity of pyruvic acid and its derivatives towards reactive oxygen species
Kładna, A., Marchlewicz, M., Piechowska, T., Kruk, I., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2015) · Luminescence · doi:10.1002/bio.2879 · Cited by 51
Iron Overload Causes Oxidative Stress and Impaired Insulin Signaling in AML-12 Hepatocytes
Messner, D. J., Rhieu, B. H., & Kowdley, K. V. (2013) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-013-2648-3 · Cited by 54
“As a redoxactive transition metal, free iron can catalyze the production of ROS through Fenton chemistry [10, 11].”
Neuroprotective strategies following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia: Taking aim at NOS
Albrecht, M., Zitta, K., Groenendaal, F., van Bel, F., & Peeters‐Scholte, C. M. P. C. D. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.025 · Cited by 53
“Nonprotein bound iron is a potent pro-radical that strongly contributes to the formation of the toxic hydroxyl (OH) radical via the − O2 -driven Haber-Weiss reaction [26,27].”
BackgroundInterplay of carbon dioxide and peroxide metabolism in mammalian cells
Radí, R. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102358 · Cited by 52
Oxidative Stress Responses in Microalgae: Modern Insights into an Old Topic
Koletti, A., Skliros, D., Dervisi, I., Roussis, A., & Flemetakis, E. (2025) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol5020037 · Cited by 57
“The Haber–Weiss reaction produces HO · and is primarily catalyzed by iron or other metals via the Fenton reaction [45].”
Ooko, E., Kadioglu, O., Greten, H. J., & Efferth, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00038 · Cited by 52
“In the presence of AA, H2O2 reacts with another transition metal ion such as ferrous ion to generate a hydroxyl radical (Kehrer, 2000).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kehrer, J. P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kehrer, James P
- Venue
- Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-50
- ISSN
- 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2126473492
- Cited by
- 1,418
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01es009791-04, 5r01hl051005-05, 5r01hl048035-07)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 48035, HL 51005)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES09791)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- Haber-Weiss reaction, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, redox signaling, toxicity mechanisms, transition metal catalysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Superoxides, Hydroxyl Radical, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
