The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relationship of attachment style to depression, catastrophizing and health care utilization in patients with chronic pain
Abstract
Attachment theory and research suggest that patterns of interpersonal relationships may be important determinants of illness behavior, care seeking, and treatment response in individuals with chronic health problems, including chronic pain. Attachment styles have been shown to be associated with psychological adjustment in the context of chronic illness, but little research has been conducted so far examining these relationships in patients with chronic pain. We assessed 111 patients with chronic pain participating in a multidisciplinary pain treatment program to determine if attachment style is associated with pain, depression, catastrophizing and physical disability at pre-treatment and 12-month follow-up, and with change in health care utilization pre-treatment to follow-up. At both pre-treatment and follow-up, fearful attachment style was associated with significantly greater depression and catastrophizing, and secure attachment was associated with significantly lower levels of depression. Preoccupied attachment style was associated with greater than weekly pain-related visits at 12 months follow-up, even after controlling for depression, catastrophizing and pre-treatment pain-related health care utilization. The findings suggest that attachment style may be a useful construct for examining factors affecting adjustment and treatment response of patients with chronic pain.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Depressed patients with a chronic medical illness are usually sicker than their counterparts37–46 and have lower treatment adherence.37,47–51”
From Anxiety and Depression in COPD (2008) · cites this paper as [39]
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,570
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227
Self-citationAttachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.226 · Cited by 6,009
Attachment theory and close relationships
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6513 · Cited by 3,642
A Study of the Natural History of Back Pain: Part I
ROLAND, M., & MORRIS, R. (1983) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-198303000-00004 · Cited by 3,395
Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.
Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.2.234 · Cited by 3,030
Bowlby (1977) · doi:10.1192/bjp.130.3.201 · Cited by 2,844
The making & breaking of affectional bonds
Bowlby, J. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,668
Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A., & Lefebvre, J. C. (2001) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200103000-00008 · Cited by 2,472
Self-citationRosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90125-2 · Cited by 2,314
Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective
Bartholomew, K. (1990) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407590072001 · Cited by 2,153
(1973) · Cited by 2,004
Williams, A. C. D. C. (1995) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)90016-0 · Cited by 1,472
Attachment Security in Infancy and Early Adulthood: A Twenty-Year Longitudinal Study
Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00176 · Cited by 1,228
Neuroticism, Somatic Complaints, and Disease: Is the Bark Worse than the Bite?
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1987) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00438.x · Cited by 1,010
(1992) · Cited by 881
Self-citationCoping with chronic pain: a critical review of the literature
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., Romano, J. M., & Karoly, P. (1991) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90216-k · Cited by 835
Self-citationThe metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994) · Cited by 738
Coping with rheumatoid arthritis pain: catastrophizing as a maladaptive strategy
Keefe, F. J., Brown, G. K., Wallston, K. A., & Caldwell, D. S. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90152-8 · Cited by 694
Mikulincer, M., & Florián, V. (1998) · Cited by 677
AGREEMENT BETWEEN QUESTIONNAIRE DATA AND MEDICAL RECORDS
Harlow, S. D., & Linet, M. S. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115129 · Cited by 610
Continuity and Discontinuity of Attachment from Infancy through Adolescence
Hamilton, C. E. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00177 · Cited by 596
Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns
Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1994) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00053.x · Cited by 595
Attachment styles and close relationships: A four‐year prospective study
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00058.x · Cited by 532
Geisser, M. E., Roth, R. S., & Robinson, M. E. (1997) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199706000-00011 · Cited by 515
Turner, J. A., Jensen, M. P., & Romano, J. M. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00259-6 · Cited by 487
Self-citationJensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.4.655 · Cited by 473
Self-citationAttachment Theory: A Model for Health Care Utilization and Somatization
Ciechanowski, P. S., Walker, E. A., Katon, W. J., & Russo, J. E. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000021948.90613.76 · Cited by 372
Self-citationAdult Attachment Styles, Perceived Social Support and Coping Strategies
Ognibene, T. C., & Collins, N. L. (1998) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407598153002 · Cited by 360
Relation between catastrophizing and depression in chronic pain patients.
Sullivan, M. J. L., & D’Eon, J. L. (1990) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.99.3.260 · Cited by 325
Self-citationPain coping strategies in osteoarthritis patients.
Keefe, F. J., Caldwell, D. S., Queen, K. T., Gil, K. M., Martinez, S., Crisson, J. E., Ogden, W., & Nunley, J. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.55.2.208 · Cited by 320
Review of Psychosocial factors in pain: Critical perspectives.
McGrath, P. J. (1999) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0092502 · Cited by 315
Gender Differences in Pain and Pain Behavior: The Role of Catastrophizing
Sullivan, M. J. L., Tripp, D. A., & Santor, D. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005459110063 · Cited by 285
Self-citationCorrelates of improvement in multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pain.
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.1.172 · Cited by 280
Self-citationPain coping strategies in osteoarthritis patients.
Keefe, F. J., Caldwell, D. S., Queen, K. T., et al. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.2.208 · Cited by 260
Handbook of pain assessment, 2nd ed.
Turk, D. C., & Melzack, R. (2001) · Cited by 259
Detecting depression in chronic pain patients: Adequacy of self-reports
Turk, D. C., & Okifuji, A. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90078-7 · Cited by 256
Deyo, R. A. (1986) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-198611000-00017 · Cited by 238
Patients as Reliable Reporters of Medical Care Process
Brown, J. B., & Adams, M. E. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199205000-00003 · Cited by 200
A Comparison of Coping Strategies in Chronic Pain Patients in Different Age Groups
Keefe, F. J., & Williams, D. A. (1990) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/45.4.p161 · Cited by 196
Feeney, J. A., & Ryan, S. (1994) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.13.4.334 · Cited by 191
Jensen, M. P., Strom, S. E., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90156-6 · Cited by 187
Self-citationJensen, M. P., Romano, J. M., Turner, J. A., Good, A. B., & Wald, L. H. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00005-6 · Cited by 187
Self-citationAdult attachment processes: Individual and couple perspectives
Bartholomew, K. (1997) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01903.x · Cited by 179
Evaluation of Two Time-Specific Back Pain Outcome Measures
Underwood, M. R., Barnett, A. G., & Vickers, M. R. (1999) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199906010-00010 · Cited by 152
Pain coping strategies that predict patients’ and spouses’ ratings of patients’ self-efficacy
Keefe, F. J., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., Robinson, E. L., Salley, A., Beaupre, P. M., Caldwell, D. S., Baucom, D. H., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00109-7 · Cited by 123
From childhood to adult relationships: Attachment theory and research.
Bartholomew, K. (1993) · Cited by 123
Working models of attachment: A theory-based prototype approach.
Klohnen, E. C., & John, O. P. (1998) · Cited by 122
An interpersonally based model of chronic pain: An application of attachment theory
Mikail, S. F., Henderson, P. R., & Tasca, G. A. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90045-0 · Cited by 119
Sickle cell disease pain: II. Predicting health care use and activity level at 9-month follow-up.
Gil, K. M., Abrams, M. R., Phillips, G., & Williams, D. A. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.2.267 · Cited by 117
What do adult attachment scales measure?
Stein, H., Jacobs, N. J., Ferguson, K., Allen, J. G., & Fonagy, P. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 102
Chronic pain coping measures: individual vs. composite scores
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90210-3 · Cited by 102
Self-citationCiechanowski, P. S., Katon, W. J., Russo, J. E., & Dwight‐Johnson, M. (2002) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.206 · Cited by 79
Self-citationMcWilliams, L. A., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2000) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200012000-00014 · Cited by 75
Neuroticism and Extraversion as Predictors of Health Outcomes in Depressed Primary Care Patients
Russo, J. E., Katon, W. J., Lin, E. H. B., Korff, M. V., Bush, T. M., Simon, G., & Walker, E. A. (1997) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(97)71441-5 · Cited by 57
Attachment behavior and pain complaints
Kolb, L. C. (1982) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(82)73404-8 · Cited by 53
Keefe, F. J., Lefebvre, J. C., & Smith, S. J. (1999) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(99)70004-8 · Cited by 30
Application of the High Risk Model of Threat Perception to a Primary Care Patient Population
McGrady, A. V., Lynch, D. J., Nagel, R. W., & Zsembik, C. (1999) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199906000-00006 · Cited by 13
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Why rejection hurts: a common neural alarm system for physical and social pain
Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010 · Cited by 1,246
Anxiety and Depression in COPD
Maurer, J., Rebbapragada, V., Borson, S., Goldstein, R., Kunik, M. E., Yohannes, A. M., & Hanania, N. A. (2008) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-0342 · Cited by 720
A biopsychosocial formulation of pain communication.
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Craig, K. D., Duck, S., Cano, A., Goubert, L., Jackson, P. L., Mogil, J. S., Rainville, P., Sullivan, M. J. L., Williams, A. C. D. C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023876 · Cited by 466
Self-citationRodin, G., Lo, C., Mikulincer, M., Donner, A., Gagliese, L., & Zimmermann, C. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.037 · Cited by 323
An experimental study of shared sensitivity to physical pain and social rejection
Eisenberger, N. I., Jarcho, J. M., Lieberman, M. D., & Naliboff, B. D. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.024 · Cited by 304
Metadata
- Authors
- Ciechanowski, P., Sullivan, M., Jensen, M., Romano, J., & Summers, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ciechanowski, Paul
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 627-637
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029650441
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS031638, R01 NS31638)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- attachment styles, chronic pain, depression, pain catastrophizing, health care utilization, fearful attachment, secure attachment, preoccupied attachment, multidisciplinary pain management, physical disability, psychological adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Pain, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Logistic Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
