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Cited by 1,085Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsSex and Gender in HealthcarePain Management and Placebo Effect

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex differences in the perception of noxious experimental stimuli: a meta-analysis

Riley, Joseph L, Robinson, Michael E, Wise, Emily A, Myers, Cynthia D, Fillingim, Roger B·1998·Pain
DOI 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00199-1
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Abstract

Fillingim and Maixner (Fillingim, R.B. and Maixner, W., Pain Forum, 4(4) (1995) 209-221) recently reviewed the body of literature examining possible sex differences in responses to experimentally induced noxious stimulation. Using a 'box score' methodology, they concluded the literature supports sex differences in response to noxious stimuli, with females displaying greater sensitivity. However, Berkley (Berkley, K.J., Pain Forum, 4(4) (1995) 225-227) suggested the failure of a number of studies to reach statistical significance suggests the effect may be small and of little practical significance. This study used meta-analytic methodology to provide quantitative evidence to address the question of the magnitude of these sex differences in response to experimentally induced pain. We found the effect size to range from large to moderate, depending on whether threshold or tolerance were measured and which method of stimulus administration was used. The values for pressure pain and electrical stimulation, for both threshold and tolerance measures, were the largest. For studies employing a threshold measure, the effect for thermal pain was smaller and more variable. The failures to reject the null hypothesis in a number of these studies appear to have been a function of lack of power from an insufficient number of subjects. Given the estimated effect size of 0.55 threshold or 0.57 for tolerance, 41 subjects per group are necessary to provide adequate power (0.70) to test for this difference. Of the 34 studies reviewed by Fillingim and Maixner, only seven were conducted with groups of this magnitude. The results of this study compels to caution authors to obtain adequate sample sizes and hope that this meta-analytic review can aid in the determination of sample size for future studies.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Coulthard, 1993, Anxiety during induced experimental pain. Anesth., Pain Control Dentis, 2, 150
  2. Fillingim, 1996, The influence of gender and psychological factors on pain perception. J., Gender Culture Health, 1, 21
  3. Procacci, 1970, The cutaneous pricking threshold in old age. Clin., Gerontol, 12, 213

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Metadata

Authors
Riley, J. L., Robinson, M. E., Wise, E. A., Myers, C. D., & Fillingim, R. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Florida Health (US)
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author
Riley, Joseph L
ORCID
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1998-01
Volume
74
Issue
2
Pages
181-187
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00199-1
OpenAlex
W2018901856
Cited by
1,085
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 55
FWCI
3.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE-07283)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords
sex differences, pain perception, noxious stimuli, pain threshold, pain tolerance, pressure pain, electrical stimulation, thermal pain, sample size, statistical power, effect size
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Male, Noxae, Sex Characteristics, Pain Threshold

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