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Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior
Abstract
To date, there are few known predictors of stress-induced eating. The purpose of this study was to identify whether physiological and psychological variables are related to eating after stress. Specifically, we hypothesized that high cortisol reactivity in response to stress may lead to eating after stress, given the relations between cortisol with both psychological stress and mechanisms affecting hunger. To test this, we exposed fifty-nine healthy pre-menopausal women to both a stress session and a control session on different days. High cortisol reactors consumed more calories on the stress day compared to low reactors, but ate similar amounts on the control day. In terms of taste preferences, high reactors ate significantly more sweet food across days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological response to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health.
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“stress and adversity can increase consumption of fast food (Steptoe, Lipsey, & Wardle, 1998), snacks (Oliver & Wardle, 1999), calorie-dense and highly-palatable foods (Epel et al., 2001), and stress has been associated with increased binge eating”
From Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity (2018) · cites this paper as Epel et al., 2001
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“Chronic high GCs and increases in insulin have synergistic effects on increasing HP food intake and abdominal fat deposition”
From Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity (2018) · cites this paper as Epel et al., 2001
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“…associated with stressful life events that appear to not only spur weight gain for those who are highly stress reactive (i.e. respond to stress with sudden increases in cortisol that may, in turn, trigger eating) (Epel et al., 2001) but also contribute to weight maintenance after treatment ends.”
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“It is known that activation of acute stress responses has effects on voluntary preference for sweets and high-fat foods, in a cortisol-mediated process (Epel, Lapidus, McEwen, & Brownell, 2001; Ulrich-Lai, 2016).”
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“…their food intake, especially of highly palatable (high fat and sweet) foods when exposed to stress (Adam and Epel, 2007; Epel et al., 2004; Epel et al., 2001; Groesz et al., 2012), and long-term adaptation to chronic stress may result in greater visceral fat accumulation via excess…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Epel, Elissa
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-49
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101290962
- Cited by
- 1,060
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 17.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000125, RR00125)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- stress eating, cortisol response, dietary habits, appetite, premenopausal women, taste preference, sweets consumption, negative mood, hunger, psychophysiological stress response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Appetite, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Eating, Educational Status, Female, Food Preferences, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Income, Stress, Physiological, Body Mass Index, Premenopause
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