Cited by 1,060Eating Disorders and BehaviorsRegulation of Appetite and ObesityStress Responses and Cortisol

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior

Epel, Elissa, Lapidus, Rachel, McEwen, Bruce, Brownell, Kelly·2001·Psychoneuroendocrinology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To date, there are few known predictors of stress-induced eating. The purpose of this study was to identify whether physiological and psychological variables are related to eating after stress. Specifically, we hypothesized that high cortisol reactivity in response to stress may lead to eating after stress, given the relations between cortisol with both psychological stress and mechanisms affecting hunger. To test this, we exposed fifty-nine healthy pre-menopausal women to both a stress session and a control session on different days. High cortisol reactors consumed more calories on the stress day compared to low reactors, but ate similar amounts on the control day. In terms of taste preferences, high reactors ate significantly more sweet food across days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological response to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates
Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. (1982) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700049163 · Cited by 4,902
Profile of mood states
McNair, D. M. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,527
Salivary Cortisol in Psychobiological Research: An Overview
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118611 · Cited by 1,532
Stress-induced eating.
Greeno, C. G., & Wing, R. R. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.444 · Cited by 934
Attenuated free cortisol response to psychosocial stress in children with atopic dermatitis
Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Jobst, S., Wustmans, A., Kirschbaum, C., Rauh, W., & Hellhammer, D. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199707000-00012 · Cited by 696
Neuropeptide Regulation of Appetite and Weight*
Morley, J. E. (1987) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-8-3-256 · Cited by 593
Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: An Updated Guide to Stress, Stress Related Diseases, and Coping
Sapolsky, R. M. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 445
High-fat feeding alters both basal and stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in the rat
Tannenbaum, B. M., Brindley, D. N., Tannenbaum, G. S., Dallman, M. F., McArthur, M. D., & Meaney, M. J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.6.e1168 · Cited by 289
The stress-eating paradox: Multiple daily measurements in adult males and females
Stone, A. A., & Brownell, K. D. (1994) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449408407469 · Cited by 233

Show all 26 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Flatt, 1989, Effects of corticosterone on RG, food intake, and energy balance, International Journal of Obesity, 13, 552
Greeno, 1998, Stress predicts overeating and weight gain outside of the laboratory: data from multiple studies, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 20, S032
Klein, 1996, Gender differences in eating after exposure to a noise stressor, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18, S103
Tataranni, 1996, Effects of glucocorticoid on energy metabolism and food intake in humans, American Journal of Physiology, 271, E317

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 999

Having your cake and eating it too: A habit of comfort food may link chronic social stress exposure and acute stress-induced cortisol hyporesponsiveness
Tryon, M. S., DeCant, R., & Laugero, K. D. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.02.018 · Cited by 153
Female breakfast skippers display a disrupted cortisol rhythm and elevated blood pressure
Witbracht, M. G., Keim, N. L., Forester, S. M., Widaman, A. M., & Laugero, K. D. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.044 · Cited by 143
CRH-stimulated cortisol release and food intake in healthy, non-obese adults
George, S. A., Khan, S. A., Briggs, H., & Abelson, J. L. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.017 · Cited by 140
“…intake, as the cortisol response to a laboratory stressor has predicted increased intake, particularly of high calorie foods, in a group of healthy adult women (Epel et al., 2001), and also predicted a link between ecologically measured daily hassles and increased snacking (Newman et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Chronic and acute effects of stress on energy balance: are there appropriate animal models?
Harris, R. B. S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2014 · Cited by 145
Elaborated Intrusion Theory: A Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Food Craving
May, J., Andrade, J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M. (2012) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-012-0010-2 · Cited by 143
The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
Wells, J. C. K. (2012) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.009613 · Cited by 145
The weight of stigma: Cortisol reactivity to manipulated weight stigma
Himmelstein, M. S., Rodriguez, A. C. I., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20959 · Cited by 142
Place matters: Neighborhood deprivation and cardiometabolic risk factors in the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)
Laraia, B. A., Karter, A. J., Warton, E. M., Schillinger, D., Moffet, H. H., & Adler, N. E. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.036 · Cited by 145
A Humanities-Based Explanation for the Effects of Emotional Eating and Perceived Stress on Food Choice Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shen, W., Long, L. M., Shih, C.-H., & Ludy, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092712 · Cited by 159
“Existing studies have demonstrated that perceived stress influences specific food choices [22,27,31,33,37,61,76,77], yet, it is important to reveal the underlying reason(s) that food choice determinants are affected under stress so that proper intervention can be developed.”
Background
Stress‐related Development of Obesity and Cortisol in Women
Vicennati, V., Pasqui, F., Cavazza, C., Pagotto, U., & Pasquali, R. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.76 · Cited by 138
Framing the biosocial pathways underlying associations between place and cardiometabolic disease
Daniel, M., Moore, S., & Kestens, Y. (2007) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.05.003 · Cited by 143
Food insecurity during pregnancy leads to stress, disordered eating, and greater postpartum weight among overweight women
Laraia, B. A., Vinikoor-Imler, L. C., & Siega‐Riz, A. M. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21075 · Cited by 147
Daily Limited Access to Sweetened Drink Attenuates Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Stress Responses
Ulrich‐Lai, Y. M., Ostrander, M. M., Thomas, I., Packard, B. A., Furay, A. R., Dolgas, C. M., Hooren, D. C. V., Figueiredo, H. F., Mueller, N. K., Choi, D. C., et al. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1241 · Cited by 135
Cerebral consequences of environmental noise exposure
Hahad, O., Jiménez, M. T. B., Kuntić, M., Frenis, K., Steven, S., Daiber, A., & Münzel, T. F. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107306 · Cited by 144
Hair cortisol and adiposity in a population‐based sample of 2,527 men and women aged 54 to 87 years
Jackson, S. E., Kirschbaum, C., & Steptoe, A. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21733 · Cited by 133
Stress response and binge eating disorder
Gluck, M. E. (2006) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.05.004 · Cited by 130
“Only one study has examined both cortisol changes and food intake following a laboratory stressor and found that among healthy women, high cortisol reactors ate significantly more food following a cognitive stress task compared to low cortisol reactors (Epel et al., 2001).”
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sex hormones in chronic stress and obesity: pathophysiological and clinical aspects
Pasquali, R. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06569.x · Cited by 135
Effects of distraction on the development of satiety.
Brunstrom, J. M., & Mitchell, G. L. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1079//bjn20061880 · Cited by 129
Reduced reward-driven eating accounts for the impact of a mindfulness-based diet and exercise intervention on weight loss: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial
Mason, A. E., Epel, E. S., Aschbacher, K., Lustig, R. H., Acree, M., Kristeller, J., Cohn, M., Dallman, M., Moran, P. J., Bacchetti, P., et al. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.009 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
Psychosocial stressor effects on cortisol and ghrelin in emotional and non-emotional eaters: Influence of anger and shame
Raspopow, K., Abizaid, A. B., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.003 · Cited by 130
“It seems that individualswho exhibit high cortisol reactivity following stressor exposure consumedmore calories on stress days than did low cortisol reactors, and they also exhibited a preference for sweet foods (Epel et al., 2001) just as emotional eaters show this preference following stressor experiences (Oliver et…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Childhood trauma and metabolic syndrome in men and women
Lee, C., Tsenkova, V., & Carr, D. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.017 · Cited by 125
Neighborhoods and Obesity in Older AdultsThe Baltimore Memory Study
Glass, T. A., RASMUSSEN, M., & SCHWARTZ, B. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.028 · Cited by 122
Obesity – A neuropsychological disease? Systematic review and neuropsychological model
Jauch‐Chara, K., & Oltmanns, K. M. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.001 · Cited by 136
Perceived Weight Discrimination Mediates the Prospective Association Between Obesity and Physiological Dysregulation: Evidence From a Population-Based Cohort
Daly, M., Sutin, A. R., & Robinson, E. (2019) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619849440 · Cited by 121
“Such stress-related responses could influence physiological dysregulation directly through biological mechanisms (Epel et al., 2001; Jackson et al., 2016) or act indirectly by impairing weight management (Tomiyama, 2014).”
Background
Neuroendocrinology of reward in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Beyond leptin and ghrelin
Berner, L. A., Brown, T. A., Lavender, J. M., Lopez, E., Wierenga, C. E., & Kaye, W. H. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.018 · Cited by 133
Hunger Control and Regular Physical Activity Facilitate Weight Loss After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding
Colles, S. L., Dixon, J. B., & O’Brien, P. E. (2008) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-007-9409-3 · Cited by 119
“Others have observed eating in response to emotions among bariatric patients [12, 29] and, in nonsurgical populations, an increased propensity for fatty and sweet foods [ 30 , 31].”
Background
Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, K. S. (2016) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587216641830 · Cited by 132
Quantifying food intake in socially housed monkeys: Social status effects on caloric consumption
Wilson, M. E., Fisher, J. E., Fischer, A., Lee, V., Harris, R. B. S., & Bartness, T. J. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.03.019 · Cited by 115
Effects of stress on dietary preference and intake are dependent on access and stress sensitivity
Teegarden, S. L., & Bale, T. L. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.030 · Cited by 115
“Studies have shown an increased consumption of snacks high in both fat and sugar following an acute laboratory stressor in humans (2,4,23).”
Background
Abuse victimization in childhood or adolescence and risk of food addiction in adult women
Mason, S. M., Flint, A. J., Field, A. E., Austin, S. B., & Rich‐Edwards, J. W. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20500 · Cited by 112
“Laboratory research has used social stressors to induce consumption of palatable foods in humans (13), and studies have demonstrated a dose-response relationship between exogenous administration of glucocorticoid stress hormones and food intake in both animals (14–15) and humans (16).”
Method
Impact of sleep, screen time, depression and stress on weight change in the intensive weight loss phase of the LIFE study
Elder, C. R., Gullion, C. M., Funk, K. L., DeBar, L., Lindberg, N. M., & Stevens, V. J. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.60 · Cited by 114
Stress control and human nutrition
Takeda, E., Terao, J., Nakaya, Y., Miyamoto, K., Baba, Y., Chuman, H., Kaji, R., Ohmori, T., & Rokutan, K. (2004) · The Journal of Medical Investigation · doi:10.2152/jmi.51.139 · Cited by 116
Shaping the stress response: Interplay of palatable food choices, glucocorticoids, insulin and abdominal obesity
Warne, J. P. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.036 · Cited by 112
Sex, social status and physiological stress in primates: the importance of social and glucocorticoid dynamics
Cavigelli, S. A., & Caruso, M. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0103 · Cited by 112
The three factor eating questionnaire - R21: tradução para o português e aplicação em mulheres brasileiras
Natacci, L. C., & Ferreira Júnior, M. (2011) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/s1415-52732011000300002 · Cited by 106
Occupational burnout, eating behavior, and weight among working women
Nevanperä, N., Hopsu, L., Kuosma, E., Ukkola, O. H., Uitti, J., & Laitinen, J. H. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.014191 · Cited by 135
Susceptibility to increased high energy dense sweet and savoury food intake in response to the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of craving control and acceptance coping strategies
Buckland, N. J., Swinnerton, L. F., Ng, K., Price, M., Wilkinson, L. L., Myers, A., & Dalton, M. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105017 · Cited by 106
“Indeed, multiple studies have shown that stress increases food intake, especially for energy dense snacks (Adam & Epel, 2007; Epel et al., 2001; Jane Wardle et al., 2000), and snacking reduces negative affect induced by stress (e.g. Wouters, Jacobs, Duif, N.J. Buckland et al. Appetite 158 (2021)…”
Stress and Reproductive Hormones in Grizzly Bears Reflect Nutritional Benefits and Social Consequences of a Salmon Foraging Niche
Bryan, H. M., Darimont, C. T., Paquet, P. C., Wynne‐Edwards, K. E., & Smits, J. E. G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080537 · Cited by 107
Stress-related eating, mindfulness, and obesity.
Cotter, E. W., & Kelly, N. R. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000614 · Cited by 110
Physical activity moderates effects of stressor-induced rumination on cortisol reactivity
Puterman, E., O'Donovan, A., Adler, N. E., Tomiyama, A. J., Kemeny, M., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Epel, E. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318229e1e0 · Cited by 106
“Body mass index (BMI [kg/m 2 ]) was included based on associations between BMI and cortisol in previous work (68).”
Eating habits in relations to anxiety symptoms among apparently healthy adults. A pattern analysis from the ATTICA Study
Yannakoulia, M., Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C., Tsetsekou, E., Fappa, E., Papageorgiou, C., & Stefanadis, C. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.002 · Cited by 105
Neuroendocrine Circuits Governing Energy Balance and Stress Regulation: Functional Overlap and Therapeutic Implications
Ulrich‐Lai, Y. M., & Ryan, K. K. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.020 · Cited by 113
“, 1989), whereas studies reporting stress-induced hyperphagia tend to involve daily life stressors like school, work, and interpersonal relationships (Epel et al., 2001; McCann et al., 1990; Pollard et al., 1995; Rutters et al., 2009; Wardle et al., 2000).”
Severe Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is Associated With Higher Spontaneous Carbohydrate Intake in Young Women
Barbieri, M. A., Portella, A. K., Silveira, P. P., Bettiol, H., Agranonik, M., da Sílva, A. A. M., & Goldani, M. Z. (2009) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31818d6850 · Cited by 106
Long-run consequences of parental paid work hours for child overweight status in Canada
Phipps, S., Lethbridge, L. N., & Burton, P. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.054 · Cited by 103
HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems
Packard, A. E. B., Egan, A. E., & Ulrich‐Lai, Y. M. (2016) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c150042 · Cited by 138
“Daily life stressors, such as interpersonal relationships, work and school, and early-life stress generally promote overeating and obesity (147, 328, 410, 457, 576), whereas immediate and direct physical threats, such as imminent combat or surgery, tend to reduce food intake (41, 411).”
Adipose Tissue Hormones and the Regulation of Food Intake
Henry, B. A., & Clarke, I. J. (2008) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.1730.x · Cited by 103
Increases in Weight during Chronic Stress are Partially Associated with a Switch in Food Choice towards Increased Carbohydrate and Saturated Fat Intake
Roberts, C., Campbell, I. C., & Troop, N. (2013) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2264 · Cited by 103
Cortisol response and desire to binge following psychological stress: Comparison between obese subjects with and without binge eating disorder
Rosenberg, N., Bloch, M., Avi, I. B., Rouach, V., Schreiber, S., Stern, N., & Greenman, Y. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.050 · Cited by 105
The Dichotomous Effect of Chronic Stress on Obesity
Razzoli, M., & Bartolomucci, A. (2016) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.007 · Cited by 102
“However, stress-associated hyperphagia is not always followed by concomitant increases in body weight and risk for obesity, thus pointing to multiple mechanisms that control energy expenditure being simultaneously activated under certain conditions [9,10].”
Background
Cortisol Stress Response Is Positively Correlated with Central Obesity in Obese Women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) before and after Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment
Gluck, M. E., Geliebter, A., & Lorence, M. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1314.021 · Cited by 98
Association Between Perceived Interpersonal Everyday Discrimination and Waist Circumference Over a 9-Year Period in the Midlife Development in the United States Cohort Study
Hunte, H. E. R. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq463 · Cited by 96
Preventing the Stress-Induced Shift from Goal-Directed to Habit Action with a β-Adrenergic Antagonist
Schwabe, L., Höffken, O., Tegenthoff, M., & Wolf, O. T. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3304-11.2011 · Cited by 97
“…in energy regulation and reports of stress- or glucocorticoid-induced increases in appetite (Stone and Brownell, 1994; Bell et al., 2000; Epel et al., 2001), one might argue that stress does not influence the systems controlling instrumental action but that it just increases…”
Background
Stress and Paediatric Obesity: What We Know and Where To Go
Wilson, S. M., & Sato, A. F. (2013) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2501 · Cited by 109
Cortisol reactivity and distress-induced emotional eating
van Strien, T., Roelofs, K., & de Weerth, C. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.08.008 · Cited by 112
Inducing Negative Affect Increases the Reward Value of Appetizing Foods in Dieters
Wagner, D. D., Boswell, R. G., Kelley, W. M., & Heatherton, T. F. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00238 · Cited by 95
Comfort eating, psychological stress, and depressive symptoms in young adult women
Finch, L. E., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.017 · Cited by 95
Acute effects of knowledge-based work on feeding behavior and energy intake
Chaput, J., & Tremblay, A. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.030 · Cited by 94
The Interplay between Maternal Nutrition and Stress during Pregnancy: Issues and Considerations
Lindsay, K. L., Buß, C., Wadhwa, P. D., & Entringer, S. (2017) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000457136 · Cited by 100
Affect modulates appetite‐related brain activity to images of food
Killgore, W. D. S., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20240 · Cited by 99
Trait anxiety, but not trait anger, predisposes obese individuals to emotional eating
Schneider, K. L., Appelhans, B. M., Whited, M. C., Oleski, J. L., & Pagoto, S. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.006 · Cited by 93
Relation between appetite ratings before and after a standard meal and estimates of daily energy intake in obese and reduced obese individuals
Doucet, É., St‐Pierre, S., Alméras, N., & Tremblay, A. (2003) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(02)00143-5 · Cited by 93
Psychosomatic Medicine: The Scientific Foundation of the Biopsychosocial Model
Novack, D. H., Cameron, O. G., Epel, E. S., Ader, R., Waldstein, S. R., Levenstein, S., Antoni, M. H., & Wainer, A. (2007) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ap.31.5.388 · Cited by 96
Glycemic Instability and Spontaneous Energy Intake: Association With Knowledge-Based Work
Chaput, J., Drapeau, V., Poirier, P., Teasdale, N., & Tremblay, A. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31818426fa · Cited by 92
“(37) observed that stress-induced cortisol reactivity was associated with increased energy intake after the first stress session.”
BackgroundResult
The Effects of Stress on Body Weight: Biological and Psychological Predictors of Change in BMI
Roberts, C., Troop, N. A., Connan, F., Treasure, J. L., & Campbell, I. C. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.363 · Cited by 100
“During stressful periods, some individuals increase their caloric intake (particularly of saturated fat and carbohydrate) (12,13), whereas others exhibit dietary restraint (2,14).”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of single macronutrients on serum cortisol concentrations in normal weight men
Martens, M. J. I., Rutters, F., Lemmens, S. G. T., Born, J. R., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.09.007 · Cited by 91
The Bright Side of Stress-Induced Eating
Sproesser, G., Schupp, H. T., & Renner, B. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613494849 · Cited by 100
Wanting and liking: Separable components in problematic eating behavior?
Polk, S. E., LaFata, E. M., Furman, C. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.015 · Cited by 95
The effects of Nigella sativa L. on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Namazi, N., Larijani, B. A., Ayati, M. H., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.001 · Cited by 91
Obesity and dietary fat influence dopamine neurotransmission: exploring the convergence of metabolic state, physiological stress, and inflammation on dopaminergic control of food intake
Wallace, C. W., & Fordahl, S. C. (2021) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422421000196 · Cited by 98
Stress-induced eating in restrained eaters may not be caused by stress or restraint
Lowe, M. R., & Kral, T. V. E. (2005) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.01.014 · Cited by 91
Diet choice, cortisol reactivity, and emotional feeding in socially housed rhesus monkeys
Arce, M. T. D., Michopoulos, V., Shepard, K. N., Ha, Q.-C., & Wilson, M. E. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.07.010 · Cited by 92
The Contribution of Psychosocial Stress to the Obesity Epidemic: An Evolutionary Approach
Siervo, M., Wells, J. C. K., & Cizza, G. (2009) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119377 · Cited by 96
“In primates, subordinate individuals have a different neuro-immune-endocrine fingerprint: they are relatively hypercortisolemic, have an increased NPY release, an enhanced appetite, leptin resistance [58-60], and central fat deposition [61, 62].”
The effect of stress on men's food selection
Zellner, D. A., Saito, S., & Gonzalez, J. (2007) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.06.013 · Cited by 89
Exposure to acute stress is associated with attenuated sweet taste
Al’Absi, M., Nakajima, M., Hooker, S. A., Wittmers, L., & Cragin, T. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01289.x · Cited by 89
Health position paper and redox perspectives - Disease burden by transportation noise
Sørensen, M., Pershagen, G., Thacher, J. D., Lanki, T., Wicki, B., Röösli, M., Vienneau, D., Cantuaria, M. L., Schmidt, J. H., Aasvang, G. M., et al. (2023) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102995 · Cited by 95
Sleep and food intake: A multisystem review of mechanisms in children and adults
Lundahl, A., & Nelson, T. D. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315573427 · Cited by 92
Stress and eating: Definitions, findings, explanations, and implications
Araiza, A. M., & Lobel, M. (2018) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12378 · Cited by 101
Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite‐regulating hormones
Kuckuck, S., van der Valk, E. S., Scheurink, A. J. W., van der Voorn, B., Iyer, A. M., Visser, J. A., Delhanty, P. J. D., van den Berg, S. A. A., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13539 · Cited by 99
The physical activity, stress and metabolic syndrome triangle: a guide to unfamiliar territory for the obesity researcher
Holmes, M. E., Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., & Eisenmann, J. C. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00680.x · Cited by 90
The effects of glucocorticoids on feeding behavior in rats
la Fleur, S. E. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.028 · Cited by 86
Adipose and skeletal muscle thermogenesis: studies from large animals
Fuller‐Jackson, J., & Henry, B. A. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-18-0090 · Cited by 89
Awakening Cortisol Response in Lean, Obese, and Reduced Obese Individuals: Effect of Gender and Fat Distribution
Therrien, F., Drapeau, V., Lalonde, J., LUPIEN, S. J., Beaulieu, S., Tremblay, A., & Richard, D. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.509 · Cited by 87
Associations Between Obesity and Stress and Shift Work Among Nurses
Buss, J. (2012) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/216507991206001007 · Cited by 88
The Role of Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Claas, S. A., & Arnett, D. K. (2016) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0728-7 · Cited by 86
Role of Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Frustration Stress-Induced Binge-Like Palatable Food Consumption in Female Rats with a History of Food Restriction
Bonaventura, M. V. M. D., Ciccocioppo, R., Romano, A., Bossert, J. M., Rice, K. C., Ubaldi, M., Laurent, R. S., Gaetani, S., Massi, M., Shaham, Y., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1854-14.2014 · Cited by 83
Cafeteria diet-induced obesity plus chronic stress alter serum leptin levels
de Macedo, I. C., Medeiros, L. F., de Oliveira, C. M., de Oliveira, C. M., Rozisky, J. R., Scarabelot, V. L., de Souza, A., Silva, F. R., Santos, V. S., Cioato, S. G., et al. (2012) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.007 · Cited by 87
Is comfort food really comforting? Mechanisms underlying stress-induced eating
Pool, E. R., Delplanque, S., Coppin, G., & Sander, D. (2015) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.034 · Cited by 87
“Experiments conducted on humans have also shown that participants in stressful conditions eat more highly palatable food than do participants in stress-free conditions (Epel, Lapidus, McEwen, & Brownell, 2001; Tomiyama et al., 2011; Zellner et al., 2006).”
Social subordination produces distinct stress-related phenotypes in female rhesus monkeys
Michopoulos, V., Higgins, M. K., Toufexis, D. J., & Wilson, M. E. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.004 · Cited by 83
“This result is consistent with the idea that exposure to psychosocial stressors increases preference for and intake of highly palatable food in laboratory animals (Berridge, 1996; Dallman et al., 2005; Hagan et al., 2003; Tamashiro et al., 2006) and women (Adam and Epel, 2007; Epel et al., 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Burnout and Behavior-Related Health Risk Factors
Ahola, K., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Kouvonen, A. M., Rossi, H., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31823ea9d9 · Cited by 91
Systematic review and meta-analysis reveals acutely elevated plasma cortisol following fasting but not less severe calorie restriction
Nakamura, Y., Walker, B. R., & Ikuta, T. (2015) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2015.1121984 · Cited by 80
“Increased stress responses, both psychological and physiological, after dietary restrictions have been reported (Epel et al., 2001).”
Background
Binge-type eating attenuates corticosterone and hypophagic responses to restraint stress
Kinzig, K. P., Hargrave, S. L., & Honors, M. A. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.026 · Cited by 80
Surgency and Negative Affectivity, but not Effortful Control, are Uniquely Associated with Obesogenic Eating Behaviors among Low-Income Preschoolers
Leung, C. Y. Y., Lumeng, J., Kaciroti, N., Chen, Y.-P., Rosenblum, K., & Miller, A. L. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.025 · Cited by 78
“Emotional overeating refers to tendency to seek immediate comfort through excessive eating in response to emotional arousal (Epel et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluential
Leptin concentrations in response to acute stress predict subsequent intake of comfort foods
Tomiyama, A. J., Schamarek, I., Lustig, R. H., Kirschbaum, C., Puterman, E. M., Havel, P. J., & Epel, E. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.021 · Cited by 89
“This test has been shown to reliably result in a short-lived increase of psychological stress with physiological manifestations (i.e., cortisol secretion) and has been used in several previous studies examining the role of stress in eating behavior [9,12].”
Influential
Changes in the Food-Related Behaviour of Italian Consumers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fanelli, R. M. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10010169 · Cited by 87
Stress-induced eating in women with binge-eating disorder and obesity
Klatzkin, R. R., Gaffney, S., Cyrus, K., Bigus, E., & Brownley, K. A. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.002 · Cited by 88
“Although these psychological measures are also commonly linked to stress-induced eating in non-clinical samples (Epel et al., 2001; Freeman & Gil, 2004; Roberts, Troop, Connan, Treasure, & Campbell, 2007; Wardle, Steptoe, Oliver, & Lipsey, 2000; Zellner et al., 2006), their effects are potentiated…”
The future of human malnutrition: rebalancing agency for better nutritional health
Wells, J. C. K., Marphatia, A. A., Amable, G. S., Siervo, M., Friis, H., Miranda, J. J., Haisma, H. H., & Raubenheimer, D. (2021) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00767-4 · Cited by 103
Anticipation of a psychosocial stressor differentially influences ghrelin, cortisol and food intake among emotional and non-emotional eaters
Raspopow, K., Abizaid, A. B., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.018 · Cited by 77
Sleep problems are associated with binge eating in women
Trace, S. E., Thornton, L. M., Runfola, C. D., Lichtenstein, P., Pedersen, N. L., & Bulik, C. M. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22003 · Cited by 81
Does stress eat away at you or make you eat? EMA measures of stress predict day to day food craving and perceived food intake as a function of trait stress-eating
Reichenberger, J., Pannicke, B., Arend, A., Petrowski, K., & Jens Blechert, A. (2020) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1781122 · Cited by 75
Effects of glucocorticoids on leptin levels and eating behaviour in women
Udden, J., Björntorp, P., Arner, P., Barkeling, B., Meurling, L., & Rössner, S. (2003) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01099.x · Cited by 84

Authors: Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Yale University (US)
Rockefeller University (US)
Corresponding author: Epel, Elissa
ORCID: Epel, Elissa
Lapidus, Rachel
McEwen, Bruce
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-49
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4
OpenAlex: W2101290962
Cited by: 1,060
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 17.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000125, RR00125)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: stress eating, cortisol response, dietary habits, appetite, premenopausal women, taste preference, sweets consumption, negative mood, hunger, psychophysiological stress response
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Appetite, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Eating, Educational Status, Female, Food Preferences, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Income, Stress, Physiological, Body Mass Index, Premenopause

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks